{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204267041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","title":"Zero-waste city policy and the short-lived efficiency window in urban green innovation: evidence from China\u2019s staggered pilot","display_name":"Zero-waste city policy and the short-lived efficiency window in urban green innovation: evidence from China\u2019s staggered pilot","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204267041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162280541","display_name":"Environment Systems & Decisions","issn_l":"0251-1088","issn":["0251-1088","1573-2991","2194-5403","2194-5411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment Systems and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10199464/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025570071","display_name":"Peiwen Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-872X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6118-872X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiwen Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4272-4994","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148218836","display_name":"Shouting Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3125743391","display_name":"China University of Geosciences (Beijing)","ror":"https://ror.org/04q6c7p66","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shouting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078958750","display_name":"Kailingli Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-4730","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-4730"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kailingli Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6436-4730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025622615","display_name":"Jinping Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7049","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4257-7049"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinping Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-5154","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148254790","display_name":"Lyujun Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyujun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Ecological Civilization, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078958750","https://openalex.org/A5148218836"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3125743391","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.6039999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.6039999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.26809999346733093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.05209999904036522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"waste management","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-solid-waste-utilization","display_name":"industrial solid waste utilization","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-restructuring","display_name":"industrial restructuring","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-impact","display_name":"policy impact","score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prefecture-level-cities","display_name":"prefecture-level cities","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-diffusion","display_name":"technology diffusion","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-incentives","display_name":"market incentives","score":0.7179999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45237549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376796","display_name":"Restructuring","level":2,"score":0.7131999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92145119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247859","display_name":"Productive efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4731000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4722999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992132446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban policy","level":3,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994339824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7649624","display_name":"Urban sustainability","level":3,"score":0.4214000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87980944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664112","display_name":"Industrial policy","level":2,"score":0.40299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169685871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55639","display_name":"Secondary sector of the economy","level":2,"score":0.35530000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.3393999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993175098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538","display_name":"Urban waste","level":3,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17648541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2265984","display_name":"Efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3257000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145025406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294882","display_name":"Eco-efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3179999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.3111000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.2944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993150066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2491831","display_name":"Green innovation","level":2,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75779659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538","display_name":"Municipal solid waste","level":2,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109986646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q546113","display_name":"Public policy","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q919526","display_name":"Environmental policy","level":2,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982969694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247859","display_name":"Production efficiency","level":2,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2531000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777958785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17120940","display_name":"Resource efficiency","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123587114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2101508","display_name":"Policy analysis","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10669-026-10164-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162280541","display_name":"Environment Systems & Decisions","issn_l":"0251-1088","issn":["0251-1088","1573-2991","2194-5403","2194-5411"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Environment Systems and Decisions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10199464/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10199464/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10199464/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.685699999332428,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204267041.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204267041.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2131568786","https://openalex.org/W2193561325","https://openalex.org/W2506753585","https://openalex.org/W2775362335","https://openalex.org/W2794549094","https://openalex.org/W2808809265","https://openalex.org/W2902060816","https://openalex.org/W2906182305","https://openalex.org/W2979586175","https://openalex.org/W3023058978","https://openalex.org/W3081171580","https://openalex.org/W3113269512","https://openalex.org/W3122487173","https://openalex.org/W3139534736","https://openalex.org/W3139664526","https://openalex.org/W3147445076","https://openalex.org/W3162059232","https://openalex.org/W4205268203","https://openalex.org/W4221092777","https://openalex.org/W4282043859","https://openalex.org/W4320406126","https://openalex.org/W4367318787","https://openalex.org/W4390102549","https://openalex.org/W4393250913","https://openalex.org/W4394779313","https://openalex.org/W4400487209","https://openalex.org/W4402969391","https://openalex.org/W4403329823","https://openalex.org/W4408674573","https://openalex.org/W4409166596","https://openalex.org/W4409525196","https://openalex.org/W4410980070","https://openalex.org/W4412959441","https://openalex.org/W4414479973","https://openalex.org/W4415411568","https://openalex.org/W4416260969","https://openalex.org/W4416332259","https://openalex.org/W4416674749","https://openalex.org/W4416841497","https://openalex.org/W7118004091","https://openalex.org/W7125522062","https://openalex.org/W7127197159","https://openalex.org/W7133543271","https://openalex.org/W7141925430","https://openalex.org/W7143513492","https://openalex.org/W7162771585"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7202284470","https://openalex.org/W4412959441","https://openalex.org/W4416332259","https://openalex.org/W4403365111","https://openalex.org/W7165541093","https://openalex.org/W7203756023","https://openalex.org/W4412991915","https://openalex.org/W4394779313","https://openalex.org/W4411863655","https://openalex.org/W4223966378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1],"zero-waste":[2],"policy":[3,66,105],"may":[4,242],"improve":[5],"waste":[6,151,170,213],"management":[7,214],"without":[8],"producing":[9],"a":[10,39,58],"lasting":[11,167],"increase":[12,121],"in":[13,32,103,169,240],"urban":[14],"green":[15,53],"innovation":[16,54],"efficiency.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"examines":[20],"this":[21],"issue":[22],"using":[23],"China\u2019s":[24],"Zero-waste":[25],"City":[26],"Pilot":[27],"(ZWCP),":[28],"which":[29],"was":[30],"introduced":[31],"different":[33,36],"cities":[34,46],"at":[35],"times.":[37],"Using":[38],"balanced":[40],"panel":[41],"of":[42,122,193,203,230],"210":[43],"Chinese":[44],"prefecture-level":[45],"from":[47],"2012":[48],"to":[49,119,162,195],"2023,":[50],"we":[51],"measure":[52],"efficiency":[55,88,93],"(GIE)":[56],"with":[57,68],"two-stage":[59],"slacks-based":[60],"DEA":[61,81],"model":[62,82],"and":[63,77,90,129,138,160,199,216,232,249],"estimate":[64],"the":[65,69,104,110,134,139,148,180,191,204,235],"effect":[67,174,205],"doubly":[70],"robust":[71],"difference-in-differences":[72],"method":[73],"developed":[74],"by":[75,127,131,156],"Callaway":[76],"Sant\u2019Anna":[78],"(2021).":[79],"The":[80,95],"divides":[83],"GIE":[84,101,176,217,241],"into":[85],"knowledge":[86],"production":[87],"(E\u2081)":[89],"economic":[91],"conversion":[92],"(E\u2082).":[94],"results":[96,215],"show":[97,210],"that":[98,211],"ZWCP":[99,164],"improves":[100],"only":[102,183],"launch":[106,236],"year.":[107],"In":[108,146],"2020,":[109],"calendar-time":[111],"ATT":[112,141],"is":[113,177],"0.0330":[114],"(p":[115],"=":[116],"0.043),":[117],"equal":[118],"an":[120],"about":[123,201],"3.35%.":[124],"E\u2081":[125],"rises":[126],"4.64%":[128],"E\u2082":[130],"2.26%.":[132],"However,":[133],"effects":[135],"after":[136],"2020":[137],"overall":[140],"are":[142],"not":[143],"statistically":[144],"significant.":[145],"contrast,":[147],"industrial":[149,184],"solid":[150],"comprehensive":[152],"utilization":[153],"rate":[154],"increases":[155],"5.93":[157],"percentage":[158],"points":[159],"continues":[161],"rise.":[163],"therefore":[165,226],"produces":[166],"progress":[168],"utilization,":[171],"but":[172],"its":[173],"on":[175,206,245],"short-lived.":[178],"Among":[179],"channels":[181],"examined,":[182],"restructuring":[185],"receives":[186],"statistical":[187],"support.":[188],"It":[189],"lowers":[190],"ratio":[192],"tertiary":[194],"secondary":[196],"industry":[197],"output":[198],"explains":[200],"17%":[202],"GIE.":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"direct":[212],"can":[218],"change":[219],"differently":[220],"over":[221],"time.":[222],"Policy":[223],"evaluation":[224],"should":[225],"consider":[227],"both":[228],"types":[229],"outcomes":[231],"continue":[233],"beyond":[234],"stage.":[237],"Sustained":[238],"improvements":[239],"also":[243],"depend":[244],"continued":[246],"technology":[247],"diffusion":[248],"market":[250],"incentives.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}