{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204262774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","title":"UAVchain: Blockchain Technology Applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","display_name":"UAVchain: Blockchain Technology Applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204262774","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087562","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040347462","display_name":"Naresh Kshetri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-7331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-7331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naresh Kshetri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rochester Institute of Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rochester Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101925336","display_name":"Mir Mehedi Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7837-8639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7837-8639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93131583","display_name":"Emporia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6r1478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mir Mehedi Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emporia State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emporia State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109818787","display_name":"Bishwo Prakash Pokharel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2105","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6516-2105"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802963437","display_name":"Sault College","ror":"https://ror.org/02r0rw765","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802963437"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bishwo Prakash Pokharel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sault College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sault College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802963437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115556216","display_name":"Nafiz Eashrak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93131583","display_name":"Emporia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6r1478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nafiz Eashrak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emporia State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emporia State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092885542","display_name":"Bishnu Bhusal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-5878","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-5878"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76835614","display_name":"University of Missouri","ror":"https://ror.org/02ymw8z06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bishnu Bhusal","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76835614"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097357670","display_name":"Md Bahauddin Badhon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93131583","display_name":"Emporia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6r1478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Bahauddin Badhon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emporia State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emporia State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93131583"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"98","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9696999788284302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14423","display_name":"Military Technology and Strategies","score":0.003700000001117587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-aerial-vehicles","display_name":"unmanned aerial vehicles","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"blockchain","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uav-cybersecurity","display_name":"UAV cybersecurity","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-defense","display_name":"national defense","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyber-warfare","display_name":"cyber warfare","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithms","display_name":"consensus algorithms","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"data security","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uav-classification","display_name":"UAV classification","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uav-applications","display_name":"UAV applications","score":0.47600001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5074999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2994999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2506999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.23819999396800995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.23430000245571136}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087562","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/edge72783.2026.00021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087562","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W2166602595","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W3141670086","https://openalex.org/W4293822431","https://openalex.org/W4313207748","https://openalex.org/W4386396819","https://openalex.org/W4387421909","https://openalex.org/W4387780417","https://openalex.org/W4396750500","https://openalex.org/W4404193256","https://openalex.org/W4404650087","https://openalex.org/W4405114122","https://openalex.org/W4413553656"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172439237","https://openalex.org/W3008565796","https://openalex.org/W7160140254","https://openalex.org/W3212548078","https://openalex.org/W4206534248","https://openalex.org/W4400918367","https://openalex.org/W4214834176","https://openalex.org/W4284883628","https://openalex.org/W3021567777","https://openalex.org/W4414648721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1],"of":[2,70,114,143,151],"autonomous":[3,36],"aircraft,":[4],"including":[5,158],"drones":[6],"and":[7,15,52,58,64,88,107,112,126,134,147,163,173,178],"vehicles":[8,73],"equipped":[9],"with":[10,153],"infrared":[11],"systems,":[12,14],"laser":[13],"sensors,":[16],"began":[17],"as":[18,20,102],"early":[19],"the":[21,26,67,110,144],"1920s.":[22],"As":[23],"defined":[24],"by":[25],"United":[27],"States":[28],"Federal":[29],"Aviation":[30,48],"Administration":[31],"(US":[32],"FAA)":[33],"in":[34],"2005,":[35],"aircraft":[37],"systems":[38],"have":[39],"since":[40],"been":[41],"widely":[42],"adopted":[43],"throughout":[44],"Europe":[45],"(British":[46],"Civil":[47],"Authority),":[49],"Asia,":[50],"Australia,":[51],"Africa.":[53],"From":[54],"civil":[55],"infrastructure":[56],"inspection":[57],"precision":[59],"agriculture":[60],"to":[61,155],"security":[62,90],"surveillance":[63],"real-time":[65],"monitoring,":[66],"public":[68],"utilization":[69],"unmanned":[71],"aerial":[72],"(UAVs)":[74],"has":[75],"grown":[76],"exponentially.":[77],"A":[78],"strong":[79],"foundation":[80],"for":[81,132,160,186],"cyber":[82,164,171],"defense,":[83],"data":[84],"security,":[85,87],"information":[86],"network":[89],"can":[91],"be":[92],"established":[93],"through":[94],"blockchain":[95,156,184],"technology,":[96,157],"leveraging":[97],"its":[98],"intrinsic":[99],"features":[100,185],"such":[101],"privacy,":[103],"consensus":[104],"mechanisms,":[105],"immutability,":[106],"decentralization.":[108],"Today,":[109],"classification":[111],"application":[113],"UAVs":[115,152],"are":[116,176,181],"based":[117],"on":[118],"several":[119],"factors":[120],"\u2013":[121,129],"range,":[122],"altitude,":[123],"size,":[124],"weight,":[125],"power":[127],"source":[128],"alongside":[130],"considerations":[131],"cybersecurity":[133,167],"national":[135,161],"defense.":[136],"This":[137],"paper":[138],"presents":[139],"a":[140],"comprehensive":[141],"study":[142],"future":[145],"directions":[146],"key":[148,179],"research":[149],"challenges":[150],"respect":[154],"implications":[159],"defense":[162],"warfare.":[165],"Various":[166],"tools,":[168],"stochastic":[169],"models,":[170],"frameworks,":[172],"war":[174],"theories":[175],"analyzed,":[177],"guidelines":[180],"provided":[182],"integrating":[183],"UAV":[187],"applications.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}