{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204253187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","title":"Iron-modified Calcinated Coconut Fiber Biochar for Simultaneous Removal of Copper and Zinc: Optimization, Production Cost Assessment, and Machine Learning Modeling","display_name":"Iron-modified Calcinated Coconut Fiber Biochar for Simultaneous Removal of Copper and Zinc: Optimization, Production Cost Assessment, and Machine Learning Modeling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204253187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156652029","display_name":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","issn_l":"0049-6979","issn":["0049-6979","1573-2932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10455674/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123921587","display_name":"Xuan Thanh Bui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277486","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwrr89","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Thanh Bui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486","https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148261291","display_name":"Thuy Trang Khuat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277486","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwrr89","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thuy Trang Khuat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486","https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044894397","display_name":"Phacharapol Induvesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-1724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1737-1724","https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2894-5661"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86677382","display_name":"Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phacharapol Induvesa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86677382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148194124","display_name":"Thuy Chung Nguyen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405277486","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwrr89","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nguyen Thuy Chung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486","https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5148194124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405277486","https://openalex.org/I94518387"],"apc_list":{"value":3890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"237","issue":"23","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10016","display_name":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12078","display_name":"Environmental remediation with nanomaterials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11188","display_name":"Coagulation and Flocculation Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-modified-biochar","display_name":"iron-modified biochar","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-adsorption","display_name":"heavy metal adsorption","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copper-removal","display_name":"copper removal","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zinc-removal","display_name":"zinc removal","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coprecipitation","display_name":"co-precipitation","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-mineralization","display_name":"surface mineralization","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iron-oxide-formation","display_name":"iron oxide formation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-kinetics","display_name":"adsorption kinetics","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-isotherms","display_name":"adsorption isotherms","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap-analysis","display_name":"SHAP analysis","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment","display_name":"wastewater treatment","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-cost-adsorbent","display_name":"low-cost adsorbent","score":0.7409999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.8664000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.6312000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150077022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136137","display_name":"Response surface methodology","level":2,"score":0.5175999999046326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.46709999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4586000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.4542999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544778455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753","display_name":"Copper","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.3946000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38280001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519885992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161","display_name":"Fiber","level":2,"score":0.3702999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.36730000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645993","display_name":"Surface modification","level":2,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777335606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7130787","display_name":"Silicate","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150581940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622205","display_name":"Specific surface area","level":3,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779947509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54910469","display_name":"Sodium silicate","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.2689000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187428577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898396","display_name":"Ionic strength","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777697756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721849","display_name":"Iron oxide","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107054158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25257","display_name":"Precipitation","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12143843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6486358","display_name":"Langmuir adsorption model","level":3,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544153396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11426","display_name":"Metal","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-026-10060-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156652029","display_name":"Water Air & Soil Pollution","issn_l":"0049-6979","issn":["0049-6979","1573-2932"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Water, Air, &amp; Soil Pollution","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10455674/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10455674/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-10455674/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":1.0},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335145","display_name":"Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02d0tyt78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204253187.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204253187.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966225275","https://openalex.org/W1966736088","https://openalex.org/W1987929564","https://openalex.org/W2004168197","https://openalex.org/W2014368642","https://openalex.org/W2062203562","https://openalex.org/W2075470794","https://openalex.org/W2089485390","https://openalex.org/W2166912932","https://openalex.org/W2443198213","https://openalex.org/W2530307211","https://openalex.org/W2606952343","https://openalex.org/W2724730861","https://openalex.org/W2757280478","https://openalex.org/W2793773734","https://openalex.org/W2801602419","https://openalex.org/W2807162725","https://openalex.org/W2888205114","https://openalex.org/W2898061669","https://openalex.org/W2941324425","https://openalex.org/W2982655836","https://openalex.org/W2989880420","https://openalex.org/W3025981141","https://openalex.org/W3048987876","https://openalex.org/W3135235242","https://openalex.org/W3171697853","https://openalex.org/W3173305563","https://openalex.org/W3176290669","https://openalex.org/W3200266756","https://openalex.org/W3202891751","https://openalex.org/W3208861126","https://openalex.org/W4200305779","https://openalex.org/W4224293133","https://openalex.org/W4293373545","https://openalex.org/W4366256750","https://openalex.org/W4379466938","https://openalex.org/W4385824779","https://openalex.org/W4386231512","https://openalex.org/W4386609867","https://openalex.org/W4387701616","https://openalex.org/W4389273955","https://openalex.org/W4392559363","https://openalex.org/W4392877727","https://openalex.org/W4395449914","https://openalex.org/W4399850308","https://openalex.org/W4408158143"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219704182","https://openalex.org/W4388960751","https://openalex.org/W7204490505","https://openalex.org/W4415717729","https://openalex.org/W7214766708","https://openalex.org/W4380148912","https://openalex.org/W7057064292","https://openalex.org/W4414260486","https://openalex.org/W4415204406","https://openalex.org/W4387701616"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2],"developed":[3,96],"and":[4,23,50,64,98,114,118,130,138,163,165,172,205,225,236,243],"evaluated":[5],"an":[6],"iron":[7,69,116,119],"modified":[8],"biochar":[9,56],"(AcBC)":[10],"from":[11],"coconut":[12,34],"fiber":[13,35],"in":[14,54,85,252],"Ben":[15],"Tre,":[16],"Vietnam,":[17],"for":[18,136,141,246],"the":[19,99,152,186,209],"adsorption":[20,109,153,193],"of":[21,101,133,147,216],"Cu\u00b2\u207a":[22,137],"Zn\u00b2\u207a.":[24],"Characterization":[25],"(SEM-EDS,":[26],"BET,":[27],"XRD,":[28],"FTIR)":[29],"showed":[30],"that":[31,47,215],"mineral":[32],"rich":[33],"pyrolyzed":[36],"without":[37],"inert":[38],"gas":[39],"undergoes":[40],"strong":[41,237],"surface":[42,60,86,201],"mineralization,":[43],"forming":[44],"crystalline":[45],"silicates":[46],"block":[48],"pores":[49],"functional":[51,102],"groups,":[52],"resulting":[53],"raw":[55],"(RBC)":[57],"with":[58,73],"low":[59,231],"area,":[61,202],"limited":[62],"porosity,":[63],"few":[65],"active":[66,112],"sites.":[67],"After":[68],"salt":[70],"co":[71],"precipitation":[72],"NaOH,":[74],"AcBC":[75,122,239],"exhibited":[76],"major":[77],"improvements,":[78],"including":[79],"a":[80,241],"nearly":[81],"twenty":[82,125],"fold":[83],"increase":[84],"area":[87],"form":[88],"5":[89],"to":[90,108],"100":[91],"m":[92],"2":[93,196],"/g,":[94],"well":[95],"mesopores,":[97],"return":[100],"groups.":[103],"Silicate":[104],"minerals":[105],"also":[106],"contributed":[107],"by":[110],"providing":[111],"sites":[113],"supporting":[115],"oxide":[117],"silicate":[120],"formation.":[121],"achieved":[123],"about":[124],"percent":[126],"higher":[127],"removal":[128],"efficiency":[129],"maximum":[131],"capacities":[132],"34.75":[134],"mg/g":[135,140],"29.69":[139],"Zn\u00b2\u207a,":[142],"more":[143],"than":[144],"double":[145],"those":[146],"RBC.":[148],"To":[149],"systematically":[150],"describe":[151],"mechanisms,":[154],"four":[155,166],"kinetic":[156],"models":[157,168],"(pseudo-first-order,":[158],"pseudo-second-order,":[159],"Weber-Morris":[160],"intraparticle":[161],"diffusion,":[162],"Boyd)":[164],"isotherm":[167],"(Langmuir,":[169],"Freundlich,":[170],"Temkin,":[171],"Dubinin-Radushkevich)":[173],"were":[174],"utilized.":[175],"Crucially,":[176],"tree-based":[177],"machine":[178],"learning":[179],"interpreted":[180],"via":[181],"SHAP":[182],"analysis":[183],"successfully":[184],"quantified":[185],"mechanisms;":[187],"Extreme":[188],"Gradient":[189],"Boosting":[190],"accurately":[191],"predicted":[192],"capacity":[194],"R":[195],">":[197],"92%,":[198],"identifying":[199],"specific":[200],"%":[203,206],"Si,":[204],"O":[207],"as":[208],"most":[210],"important":[211],"material":[212],"properties,":[213],"while":[214],"cation":[217],"descriptors":[218],"relative":[219],"atomic":[220],"mass,":[221],"effective":[222],"ionic":[223],"radius":[224],"first":[226],"order":[227],"hydrolysis":[228],"constants.":[229],"With":[230],"cost":[232],"production,":[233],"simple":[234],"synthesis,":[235],"performance,":[238],"represents":[240],"practical":[242],"scalable":[244],"option":[245],"treating":[247],"heavy":[248],"metal":[249],"contaminated":[250],"wastewater":[251],"developing":[253],"regions.":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
