{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204253109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","title":"Biomaterials as immunomodulators: A new paradigm in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine design","display_name":"Biomaterials as immunomodulators: A new paradigm in cancer immunotherapy and vaccine design","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204253109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050913026001488/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047510","display_name":"Review of Materials Research","issn_l":"3050-9130","issn":["3050-9130"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050913026001488/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009495699","display_name":"Sailee Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7351-4125","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7351-4125"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sailee Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7351-4125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148198333","display_name":"Punya Parvin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Punya Parvin","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148253022","display_name":"Shovan Kumar Ghorai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shovan Kumar Ghorai","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148248591","display_name":"Sakil Ahamed Gazi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakil Ahamed Gazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125611903","display_name":"Sithi Sarkar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sithi Sarkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101427928","display_name":"Priyanka Chakraborty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8950-1132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8950-1132"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Priyanka Chakraborty","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088491566","display_name":"Koyel Kar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-0994","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-0994"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Koyel Kar","raw_affiliation_strings":["BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BCDA College of Pharmacy & Technology, 78/1 Jessore Road (S), Hridaypur, Kolkata -700127, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049793378","display_name":"Rana Mazumder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7372","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4607-7372"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rana Mazumder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur-731123, Birbhum, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur-731123, Birbhum, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009495699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"apc_paid":{"value":1600,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1600},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64120189,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"8","first_page":"100281","last_page":"100281"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10782","display_name":"Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomaterials","display_name":"biomaterials","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulation","display_name":"immunomodulation","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-immunotherapy","display_name":"cancer immunotherapy","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-vaccines","display_name":"cancer vaccines","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-drug-delivery","display_name":"nanoparticle drug delivery","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-checkpoint-modulation","display_name":"immune checkpoint modulation","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microenvironment","display_name":"tumor microenvironment","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injectable-hydrogel","display_name":"injectable hydrogel","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanovaccines","display_name":"nanovaccines","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adjuvants","display_name":"adjuvants","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleic-acid-vaccines","display_name":"nucleic acid vaccines","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimuli-responsive-materials","display_name":"stimuli-responsive materials","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-delivery","display_name":"antigen delivery","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunological-memory","display_name":"immunological memory","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780674031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2012719","display_name":"Cancer immunotherapy","level":4,"score":0.7156999707221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.7046999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5228999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778378633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2378309","display_name":"Cancer vaccine","level":4,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776107976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786433","display_name":"Tumor microenvironment","level":3,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83464605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575296","display_name":"Antigen presentation","level":4,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193419808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1645075","display_name":"Acquired immune system","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780851360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21686041","display_name":"Immune checkpoint","level":4,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019816032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2575340","display_name":"Cancer treatment","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983331546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer therapy","level":3,"score":0.26010000705718994}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050913026001488/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047510","display_name":"Review of Materials Research","issn_l":"3050-9130","issn":["3050-9130"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmat.2026.100281","pdf_url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S3050913026001488/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5407047510","display_name":"Review of Materials Research","issn_l":"3050-9130","issn":["3050-9130"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review of Materials Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204253109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204253109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":205,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W994417814","https://openalex.org/W1998989840","https://openalex.org/W2023797723","https://openalex.org/W2065818546","https://openalex.org/W2074766434","https://openalex.org/W2096295815","https://openalex.org/W2114245966","https://openalex.org/W2152367839","https://openalex.org/W2177843988","https://openalex.org/W2196491217","https://openalex.org/W2269881068","https://openalex.org/W2368732230","https://openalex.org/W2808968367","https://openalex.org/W2883300965","https://openalex.org/W2888000860","https://openalex.org/W2897063898","https://openalex.org/W2899132714","https://openalex.org/W2904968070","https://openalex.org/W2915912019","https://openalex.org/W2965104365","https://openalex.org/W2972102845","https://openalex.org/W2980034177","https://openalex.org/W2981462043","https://openalex.org/W2989435057","https://openalex.org/W2995314014","https://openalex.org/W2995765800","https://openalex.org/W2996357985","https://openalex.org/W3011018329","https://openalex.org/W3015281367","https://openalex.org/W3032489997","https://openalex.org/W3040786285","https://openalex.org/W3087550005","https://openalex.org/W3089759173","https://openalex.org/W3096526914","https://openalex.org/W3106757048","https://openalex.org/W3123698687","https://openalex.org/W3164023262","https://openalex.org/W3172224071","https://openalex.org/W3183823641","https://openalex.org/W3193702715","https://openalex.org/W3205475594","https://openalex.org/W3216066277","https://openalex.org/W4205424204","https://openalex.org/W4220679821","https://openalex.org/W4220723951","https://openalex.org/W4220724195","https://openalex.org/W4224317508","https://openalex.org/W4226329559","https://openalex.org/W4229013646","https://openalex.org/W4249699111","https://openalex.org/W4281294706","https://openalex.org/W4281610415","https://openalex.org/W4282821993","https://openalex.org/W4282839227","https://openalex.org/W4283217118","https://openalex.org/W4289100982","https://openalex.org/W4294783133","https://openalex.org/W4295358217","https://openalex.org/W4296466983","https://openalex.org/W4297231530","https://openalex.org/W4297965008","https://openalex.org/W4309183974","https://openalex.org/W4310052224","https://openalex.org/W4312053323","https://openalex.org/W4312066894","https://openalex.org/W4313471826","https://openalex.org/W4313547267","https://openalex.org/W4313827627","https://openalex.org/W4316096428","https://openalex.org/W4317207492","https://openalex.org/W4317359910","https://openalex.org/W4317830829","https://openalex.org/W4317934591","https://openalex.org/W4318038939","https://openalex.org/W4318620261","https://openalex.org/W4319299609","https://openalex.org/W4321167021","https://openalex.org/W4321498863","https://openalex.org/W4322505851","https://openalex.org/W4322621551","https://openalex.org/W4323783949","https://openalex.org/W4323865263","https://openalex.org/W4324046169","https://openalex.org/W4361244325","https://openalex.org/W4362703408","https://openalex.org/W4365484567","https://openalex.org/W4376868041","https://openalex.org/W4379966180","https://openalex.org/W4380885942","https://openalex.org/W4380905364","https://openalex.org/W4382397015","https://openalex.org/W4382787047","https://openalex.org/W4385445473","https://openalex.org/W4385555817","https://openalex.org/W4385661266","https://openalex.org/W4385855727","https://openalex.org/W4386116914","https://openalex.org/W4386365730","https://openalex.org/W4386381482","https://openalex.org/W4386505337","https://openalex.org/W4387001822","https://openalex.org/W4387452756","https://openalex.org/W4387476832","https://openalex.org/W4388033192","https://openalex.org/W4388419057","https://openalex.org/W4388630090","https://openalex.org/W4389143775","https://openalex.org/W4389347861","https://openalex.org/W4389639889","https://openalex.org/W4389722394","https://openalex.org/W4389915087","https://openalex.org/W4390113872","https://openalex.org/W4390450707","https://openalex.org/W4390579210","https://openalex.org/W4391067309","https://openalex.org/W4391617619","https://openalex.org/W4391747436","https://openalex.org/W4391813079","https://openalex.org/W4392345477","https://openalex.org/W4392517811","https://openalex.org/W4392594227","https://openalex.org/W4392952074","https://openalex.org/W4393221085","https://openalex.org/W4393276592","https://openalex.org/W4393397203","https://openalex.org/W4394589431","https://openalex.org/W4394623052","https://openalex.org/W4394857483","https://openalex.org/W4396590113","https://openalex.org/W4396862222","https://openalex.org/W4398781703","https://openalex.org/W4399054944","https://openalex.org/W4399066739","https://openalex.org/W4399134748","https://openalex.org/W4399182536","https://openalex.org/W4399292909","https://openalex.org/W4399727760","https://openalex.org/W4399856128","https://openalex.org/W4399882932","https://openalex.org/W4400466424","https://openalex.org/W4400911603","https://openalex.org/W4401056094","https://openalex.org/W4401285563","https://openalex.org/W4401673050","https://openalex.org/W4402219550","https://openalex.org/W4402439109","https://openalex.org/W4402480751","https://openalex.org/W4402546845","https://openalex.org/W4402635652","https://openalex.org/W4403202365","https://openalex.org/W4403810270","https://openalex.org/W4404441071","https://openalex.org/W4404514447","https://openalex.org/W4404757679","https://openalex.org/W4404942147","https://openalex.org/W4405016246","https://openalex.org/W4405191048","https://openalex.org/W4405249262","https://openalex.org/W4405293306","https://openalex.org/W4405942132","https://openalex.org/W4406271966","https://openalex.org/W4406482179","https://openalex.org/W4406492385","https://openalex.org/W4406863590","https://openalex.org/W4406931388","https://openalex.org/W4407184228","https://openalex.org/W4407252588","https://openalex.org/W4408057912","https://openalex.org/W4408068629","https://openalex.org/W4408398858","https://openalex.org/W4408433445","https://openalex.org/W4409111104","https://openalex.org/W4409255559","https://openalex.org/W4409571519","https://openalex.org/W4409698799","https://openalex.org/W4409762801","https://openalex.org/W4409788037","https://openalex.org/W4410136796","https://openalex.org/W4410306110","https://openalex.org/W4410379875","https://openalex.org/W4410420106","https://openalex.org/W4410955638","https://openalex.org/W4411255794","https://openalex.org/W4411328729","https://openalex.org/W4411861440","https://openalex.org/W4412680270","https://openalex.org/W4413054873","https://openalex.org/W4413101737","https://openalex.org/W4413645873","https://openalex.org/W4413924817","https://openalex.org/W4414190877","https://openalex.org/W4414641522","https://openalex.org/W4415100596","https://openalex.org/W4415172635","https://openalex.org/W4415704905","https://openalex.org/W4415958724","https://openalex.org/W4416537158","https://openalex.org/W4416777927","https://openalex.org/W4416785145","https://openalex.org/W7083683410","https://openalex.org/W7128315628","https://openalex.org/W7128708424","https://openalex.org/W7134032385","https://openalex.org/W7135167517","https://openalex.org/W7138128967"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{":":[0],"Biomaterials":[1],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,21,45],"powerful":[5],"immunomodulators,":[6],"redefining":[7],"strategies":[8],"in":[9,31],"cancer":[10,76,149],"immunotherapy":[11,150],"and":[12,27,48,55,63,67,85,92,105,110,120,135,144,151],"vaccine":[13,152],"design.":[14],"Conventional":[15],"immunotherapies":[16],"often":[17],"face":[18],"limitations":[19],"such":[20,44],"poor":[22],"response":[23],"rates,":[24],"systemic":[25],"toxicity,":[26],"tumour-induced":[28],"immunosuppression.":[29],"Advances":[30],"biomaterial":[32],"science":[33],"enable":[34,94],"precise":[35],"modulation":[36],"of":[37],"immune":[38,56,96],"responses":[39],"by":[40],"tailoring":[41],"physicochemical":[42],"properties":[43],"size,":[46],"charge,":[47],"surface":[49],"functionality,":[50],"thereby":[51],"enhancing":[52],"antigen":[53,61,108],"delivery":[54,111],"targeting.":[57],"These":[58],"systems":[59],"improve":[60],"presentation":[62],"support":[64],"coordinated":[65],"innate":[66],"adaptive":[68],"immunity,":[69],"leading":[70],"to":[71,112,132,147],"durable":[72],"immunological":[73],"memory.":[74],"In":[75,98],"immunotherapy,":[77],"biomaterials":[78,140],"facilitate":[79],"targeted":[80,145],"nanoparticle":[81],"delivery,":[82],"checkpoint":[83],"modulation,":[84],"tumour":[86],"microenvironment":[87],"reprogramming,":[88],"while":[89],"injectable":[90],"hydrogels":[91],"scaffolds":[93],"localized":[95],"activation.":[97],"vaccinology,":[99],"biomaterial-based":[100],"platforms,":[101],"including":[102],"nano":[103],"vaccines":[104,123],"adjuvants,":[106],"enhance":[107],"stability":[109],"antigen-presenting":[113],"cells.":[114],"Emerging":[115],"approaches":[116],"integrating":[117],"stimuli-responsive":[118],"materials":[119],"nucleic":[121],"acid":[122],"further":[124],"broaden":[125],"therapeutic":[126],"potential.":[127],"Despite":[128],"progress,":[129],"challenges":[130],"related":[131],"safety,":[133],"scalability,":[134],"regulatory":[136],"approval":[137],"remain.":[138],"Overall,":[139],"offer":[141],"a":[142],"promising":[143],"approach":[146],"advancing":[148],"development.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-24T07:57:37.273135","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}