{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204249792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","title":"Embedding legal text complexity","display_name":"Embedding legal text complexity","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204249792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201512","display_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","issn_l":"2192-9521","issn":["2192-9521","2192-953X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114302268","display_name":"Alessandro Buttinelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4666-540X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4666-540X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55143463","display_name":"University of Turin","ror":"https://ror.org/048tbm396","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Buttinelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino , 10124 Turin , Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4666-540X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Torino , 10124 Turin , Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114302268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55143463"],"apc_list":{"value":0,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":0},"apc_paid":{"value":0,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":0},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69254384,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.8281000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.8281000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14013","display_name":"Legal Language and Interpretation","score":0.1340000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12373","display_name":"Linguistic research and analysis","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-complexity","display_name":"linguistic complexity","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-documents","display_name":"legal documents","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/administrative-texts","display_name":"administrative texts","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-administrative-law","display_name":"Italian administrative law","score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agenzia-delle-entrate","display_name":"Agenzia delle Entrate","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-law","display_name":"tax law","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distant-reading","display_name":"distant reading","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-accessibility","display_name":"text accessibility","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-communication","display_name":"institutional communication","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-language","display_name":"legal language","score":0.44200000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5701000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199728807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2578557","display_name":"Equity (law)","level":2,"score":0.5188000202178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5041999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49779999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194926167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6554066","display_name":"Linguistic sequence complexity","level":2,"score":0.47850000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4535999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987219923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777864","display_name":"Linguistic analysis","level":2,"score":0.3240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155092808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182557","display_name":"Computational linguistics","level":2,"score":0.28630000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.2791999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984865316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25481968","display_name":"Speech act","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201512","display_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","issn_l":"2192-9521","issn":["2192-9521","2192-953X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2025-0042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201512","display_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","issn_l":"2192-9521","issn":["2192-9521","2192-953X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313990","host_organization_name":"De Gruyter","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["De Gruyter"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"European Journal of Applied Linguistics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8046000003814697}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.5415981411933899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2251803266","https://openalex.org/W2439568532","https://openalex.org/W2493401501","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W3093849792","https://openalex.org/W3168273140","https://openalex.org/W4300672009","https://openalex.org/W4307869414","https://openalex.org/W4310344149","https://openalex.org/W4392963517","https://openalex.org/W4399928710"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"This":[1],"study":[2,50],"examines":[3],"the":[4,17,22,49,69,95,101,146,151],"linguistic":[5,36,47,119,125],"complexity":[6,37,126],"that":[7,65],"characterises":[8],"Italian":[9],"administrative":[10,93,128],"texts.":[11],"In":[12],"particular,":[13],"it":[14],"focuses":[15],"on":[16],"Risposte":[18,60],"(responses)":[19],"issued":[20],"by":[21,68,150],"Agenzia":[23],"delle":[24],"Entrate":[25],"(Italian":[26],"Revenue":[27],"Agency).":[28],"Adopting":[29],"a":[30,39,52,56,80],"distant":[31],"reading":[32],"approach":[33],"and":[34,89,111,121,129,140],"decomposing":[35],"into":[38],"range":[40],"of":[41,46,55,59,77,83,127],"measures":[42],"across":[43],"different":[44],"levels":[45],"analysis,":[48],"conducts":[51],"quantitative":[53],"examination":[54],"large":[57],"corpus":[58,82],".":[61],"The":[62,105,124],"analysis":[63],"shows":[64],"texts":[66,131],"produced":[67],"administration":[70],"are":[71],"more":[72],"complex":[73],"than":[74],"other":[75],"types":[76],"texts,":[78],"specifically":[79],"control":[81],"Wikipedia":[84],"entries":[85],"for":[86,113],"tax":[87],"law,":[88],"that,":[90],"within":[91],"these":[92],"documents,":[94],"most":[96,102],"relevant":[97],"section":[98],"is":[99],"also":[100],"linguistically":[103],"complex.":[104],"findings":[106],"highlight":[107],"risks":[108],"to":[109,117,138,143],"accessibility":[110],"advocate":[112],"clearer":[114],"institutional":[115],"communication":[116],"promote":[118],"equity":[120],"textual":[122],"accessibility.":[123],"regulatory":[130],"can,":[132],"in":[133],"fact,":[134],"hinder":[135],"citizens\u2019":[136],"access":[137],"justice":[139],"their":[141],"ability":[142],"comply":[144],"with":[145],"binding":[147],"requirements":[148],"imposed":[149],"administration.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}