{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204242425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","title":"Sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","display_name":"Sex differences in the prevalence and incidence of motoric cognitive risk syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204242425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-026-00499-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279016","display_name":"npj Aging","issn_l":"2731-6068","issn":["2731-6068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-026-00499-y_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140141623","display_name":"Siyi Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9400-8282","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9400-8282"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162058","display_name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","ror":"https://ror.org/054nkx469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyi Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9400-8282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140125055","display_name":"Jingru Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3082-6637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3082-6637"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162058","display_name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","ror":"https://ror.org/054nkx469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingru Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125306559","display_name":"Qing Hu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162058","display_name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","ror":"https://ror.org/054nkx469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087510132","display_name":"Xiaoke Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-0734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5651-0734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111753288","display_name":"Fujian Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/020azk594","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162058","display_name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","ror":"https://ror.org/054nkx469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoke Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111753288"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101729628","display_name":"Changhao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3098-3891","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3098-3891"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162058","display_name":"Capital University of Physical Education and Sports","ror":"https://ror.org/054nkx469","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changhao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Center of Neuroscience and Sports, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101729628"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162058"],"apc_list":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"apc_paid":{"value":3690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58278724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11011","display_name":"Frailty in Older Adults","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motoric-cognitive-risk-syndrome","display_name":"motoric cognitive risk syndrome","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prevalence","display_name":"prevalence","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incidence","display_name":"incidence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/walking-speed","display_name":"walking speed","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subjective-cognitive-complaints","display_name":"subjective cognitive complaints","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pre-dementia","display_name":"pre-dementia","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"diagnostic criteria","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6854000091552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151800584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370000","display_name":"Gait","level":2,"score":0.6547999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5253999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4596000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984915365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141203","display_name":"Cognitive impairment","level":3,"score":0.3327000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186079640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719602","display_name":"Prevalence","level":3,"score":0.30979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70770792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239848","display_name":"Preferred walking speed","level":2,"score":0.3034000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780645631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671554","display_name":"Stroke (engine)","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.2687999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.26660001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173906292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1493441","display_name":"Gait analysis","level":3,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-026-00499-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279016","display_name":"npj Aging","issn_l":"2731-6068","issn":["2731-6068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41514-026-00499-y","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41514-026-00499-y_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387279016","display_name":"npj Aging","issn_l":"2731-6068","issn":["2731-6068"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"npj Aging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.4080319106578827,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Systematic Review","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review"},{"display_name":"Meta-Analysis","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1981127788","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"32371132","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204242425.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204242425.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Motoric":[1],"cognitive":[2,11],"risk":[3,60],"(MCR)":[4],"syndrome,":[5],"a":[6,41,147,188],"pre-dementia":[7],"construct":[8],"combining":[9],"subjective":[10],"complaints":[12],"with":[13,66,106,177],"slow":[14],"gait":[15,31,76,122,178],"speed,":[16],"shows":[17],"inconsistent":[18],"sex":[19,159],"differences":[20,29],"in":[21,30,163],"prevalence":[22,85,103],"and":[23,44,53,73,81,91,157,197],"incidence":[24,93],"across":[25],"studies,":[26],"possibly":[27],"reflecting":[28],"speed":[32,77,123,179],"diagnostic":[33,195],"criteria":[34,124,180,196],"rather":[35],"than":[36],"biological":[37],"differences.":[38],"We":[39],"conducted":[40],"systematic":[42],"review":[43],"meta-analysis":[45],"(PRISMA":[46],"2020;":[47],"PubMed,":[48],"Web":[49],"of":[50],"Science,":[51],"Embase,":[52],"Scopus;":[54],"January":[55],"2013\u2013March":[56],"2026),":[57],"pooling":[58],"sex-difference":[59],"ratios":[61],"(RR,":[62],"male":[63],"vs.":[64],"female)":[65],"random-effects":[67],"models":[68],"(Hartung\u2013Knapp\u2013Sidik\u2013Jonkman":[69],"adjustment);":[70],"subgroup":[71],"analyses":[72],"meta-regression":[74],"examined":[75],"criteria,":[78],"age,":[79],"region,":[80],"study":[82],"quality.":[83],"Sixty":[84],"cohorts":[86,94],"(":[87,95,165],"N":[88,96],"=":[89,97,111,117,127,134,143,152,155],"170,930)":[90],"18":[92],"35,006)":[98],"were":[99],"included.":[100],"Pooled":[101],"MCR":[102,191],"was":[104,161],"9.13%,":[105],"significant":[107,129,162],"female":[108,174],"predominance":[109,175],"(RR":[110,133,142,151],"0.90,":[112],"95%":[113],"CI:":[114],"0.83\u20130.98,":[115],"p":[116,126,154],"0.015)":[118],"that":[119],"varied":[120],"by":[121],"(QB":[125],"0.043):":[128],"under":[130,138,201],"absolute":[131],"thresholds":[132],"0.76)":[135],"but":[136,169],"attenuated":[137],"standard":[139],"deviation\u2013based":[140],"definitions":[141],"0.95).":[144],"Incidence":[145],"showed":[146],"similar,":[148],"non-significant":[149],"trend":[150],"0.93,":[153],"0.085),":[156],"the":[158],"difference":[160],"younger":[164],"<":[166],"75":[167],"years)":[168],"not":[170],"older":[171],"cohorts.":[172],"This":[173],"co-varies":[176],"type,":[181],"suggesting":[182],"an":[183],"anthropometric":[184],"measurement":[185],"artifact":[186],"as":[187],"partial":[189],"contributor;":[190],"studies":[192],"should":[193],"specify":[194],"report":[198],"sex-stratified":[199],"estimates":[200],"both":[202],"threshold":[203],"types.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
