{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204240259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422","title":"Design of Sandwich\u2010Structured SPEEK Based Composite Membranes With Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Dimensional Stability","display_name":"Design of Sandwich\u2010Structured SPEEK Based Composite Membranes With Enhanced Proton Conductivity and Dimensional Stability","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204240259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/app.71422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148378721","display_name":"Xi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100701896","display_name":"Peng Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-449X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-449X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391768272","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Tribology","ror":"https://ror.org/03h33sq24","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391768272","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4578-449X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391768272","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115602259","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-4099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-4099","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6841-1605"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-4099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100371427","display_name":"Yongfeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-7949","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-7949"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0855-7949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Materials and Science and Engineering, College of New Energy and Material China University of Petroleum\u2010Beijing  Beijing China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100371427","https://openalex.org/A5100701896"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293","https://openalex.org/I4391768272","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":4140,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4140},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58161741,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"143","issue":"42","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10409","display_name":"Fuel Cells and Related Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12074","display_name":"Membrane-based Ion Separation Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-exchange-membranes","display_name":"proton exchange membranes","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfonated-poly-ether-ether-ketone","display_name":"sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyimide-nanofibers","display_name":"polyimide nanofibers","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-conductivity","display_name":"proton conductivity","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensional-stability","display_name":"dimensional stability","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-uptake","display_name":"water absorption","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-swelling","display_name":"membrane swelling","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acid-base-interactions","display_name":"acid-base interactions","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-transport-pathways","display_name":"proton transport pathways","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-durability","display_name":"membrane durability","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-membranes","display_name":"composite membranes","score":0.6970000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7754999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780965675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145958","display_name":"Polyimide","level":3,"score":0.7527999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.6658999919891357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186399102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903517","display_name":"Chemical stability","level":2,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.48019999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778502040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q250437","display_name":"Sulfonic acid","level":2,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168314062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2550696","display_name":"Absorption of water","level":2,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779851234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50690","display_name":"Oxide","level":2,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132319479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899619","display_name":"Proton exchange membrane fuel cell","level":3,"score":0.44429999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992012372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412272","display_name":"Proton transport","level":3,"score":0.3790999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91145125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7645963","display_name":"Surface conductivity","level":3,"score":0.36899998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778540859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152234","display_name":"Swelling","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6648577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622669","display_name":"Porosity","level":2,"score":0.33809998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104304963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5316114","display_name":"Durability","level":2,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780407432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103230","display_name":"Ether","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138679309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6063658","display_name":"Ionic conductivity","level":4,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776453213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25303690","display_name":"MXenes","level":2,"score":0.2833999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67407626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5723218","display_name":"Amphiphile","level":4,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1500907","display_name":"Membrane structure","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63184880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783041","display_name":"Hydraulic conductivity","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/app.71422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/app.71422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S200764475","display_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","issn_l":"0021-8995","issn":["0021-8995","1097-4628"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Applied Polymer Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7690262307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2254089","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W311989720","https://openalex.org/W793130704","https://openalex.org/W1966510655","https://openalex.org/W1968845468","https://openalex.org/W1971249227","https://openalex.org/W1978366699","https://openalex.org/W1986891603","https://openalex.org/W1990966816","https://openalex.org/W1995235463","https://openalex.org/W2013247570","https://openalex.org/W2059028939","https://openalex.org/W2080781066","https://openalex.org/W2112441290","https://openalex.org/W2270310829","https://openalex.org/W2313592160","https://openalex.org/W2329308224","https://openalex.org/W2537837943","https://openalex.org/W2547300829","https://openalex.org/W2580954066","https://openalex.org/W2591951383","https://openalex.org/W2594431876","https://openalex.org/W2612953396","https://openalex.org/W2616834483","https://openalex.org/W2620345279","https://openalex.org/W2803961221","https://openalex.org/W2912257116","https://openalex.org/W2966800185","https://openalex.org/W2987036153","https://openalex.org/W2990875452","https://openalex.org/W2995654048","https://openalex.org/W3003981095","https://openalex.org/W3033073230","https://openalex.org/W3042221867","https://openalex.org/W3135702211","https://openalex.org/W3145466520","https://openalex.org/W3150748107","https://openalex.org/W3177092063","https://openalex.org/W3179964610","https://openalex.org/W3215824218","https://openalex.org/W4207017587","https://openalex.org/W4210730068","https://openalex.org/W4220691916","https://openalex.org/W4220705692","https://openalex.org/W4308388823","https://openalex.org/W4321503848","https://openalex.org/W4380355936","https://openalex.org/W4388448763","https://openalex.org/W4406618318"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1,58,145],"inherent":[2],"trade\u2010off":[3],"between":[4,79],"proton":[5,16,111,186],"conductivity":[6,112,152,187],"and":[7,50,56,87,119,134,142,160,188,195],"dimensional":[8,189],"stability":[9,190],"severely":[10],"limits":[11],"the":[12,98],"practical":[13],"application":[14],"of":[15,42,65,100,113,128,149,170],"exchange":[17],"membranes":[18],"(PEMs).":[19],"To":[20],"address":[21],"this":[22,31,106,173],"issue,":[23],"a":[24,38,109,154],"unique":[25],"sandwich\u2010structured":[26,174],"membrane":[27,107,146],"is":[28,62,123,164],"presented.":[29],"In":[30,104],"design,":[32],"its":[33,150],"outer":[34],"surface":[35],"layers":[36],"form":[37],"rigid":[39],"skeleton":[40],"composed":[41],"polyimide":[43],"(PI)":[44],"nanofibers,":[45],"which":[46,122,163],"provide":[47],"physical":[48,193],"confinement":[49,194],"effectively":[51],"suppress":[52],"excessive":[53],"water":[54,135],"absorption":[55],"swelling.":[57],"middle":[59],"functional":[60],"layer":[61],"made":[63],"up":[64],"an":[66,177],"ethylenediamine\u2010modified":[67],"graphene":[68],"oxide":[69],"(EGO)/sulfonated":[70],"poly":[71],"(ether":[72],"ether":[73],"ketone)":[74],"(SPEEK)":[75],"composite.":[76],"Acid\u2013base":[77],"interactions":[78],"amino":[80],"groups":[81,90],"(\u2010NH":[82],"2":[83],")":[84],"on":[85],"EGO":[86],"sulfonic":[88],"acid":[89],"(\uf8ffSO":[91],"3":[92],"H)":[93],"in":[94],"SPEEK":[95],"allow":[96],"for":[97],"formation":[99],"continuous":[101],"proton\u2010transport":[102],"pathways.":[103],"contrast,":[105],"achieves":[108],"high":[110],"222.4":[114],"mS\u00b7cm":[115],"\u22121":[116],"at":[117,158],"60\u00b0C":[118,159],"100%":[120,161],"RH,":[121,162],"9.3%":[124],"higher":[125],"than":[126,168],"that":[127,169],"SPEEK,":[129],"while":[130],"area":[131],"ratio":[132],"(20.5%)":[133],"uptake":[136],"(64.6%)":[137],"are":[138],"reduced":[139],"by":[140,183],"56.9%":[141],"39.7%,":[143],"respectively.":[144],"maintains":[147],"91.4%":[148],"initial":[151],"after":[153],"350\u2010h":[155],"durability":[156],"test":[157],"still":[165],"26.9%":[166],"greater":[167],"SPEEK.":[171],"Overall,":[172],"approach":[175],"offers":[176],"efficient":[178],"path":[179],"toward":[180],"high\u2010performance":[181],"PEMs":[182],"simultaneously":[184],"improving":[185],"using":[191],"synergistic":[192],"interfacial":[196],"chemical":[197],"interactions.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-13T10:08:12.033832","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
