{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204239716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","title":"Beyond the AI Divide: From Digital Access to Intelligence Inequality in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Beyond the AI Divide: From Digital Access to Intelligence Inequality in the Age of Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204239716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7354118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148265812","display_name":"Masood Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masood Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137703576","display_name":"Shahid Kamal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7995-175X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7995-175X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Kamal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072376167","display_name":"Fasee Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-5253","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6167-5253"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fasee Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033794371","display_name":"Ishtiaq Wahid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishtiaq Wahid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5137703576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13066","display_name":"Information Society and Technology Trends","score":0.05469999834895134,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3300","display_name":"General Social Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11499","display_name":"ICT Impact and Policies","score":0.021400000900030136,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-divide","display_name":"digital divide","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-ai","display_name":"generative AI","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-inequality","display_name":"algorithmic inequality","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-literacy","display_name":"AI literacy","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-governance","display_name":"AI governance","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-policy","display_name":"AI policy","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-access","display_name":"digital access","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-infrastructure","display_name":"AI infrastructure","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-inequality","display_name":"resource inequality","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.7271999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165148211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5431887","display_name":"Social inequality","level":3,"score":0.5216000080108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4966999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.4417000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173655357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244752","display_name":"Digital divide","level":3,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4287000000476837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162027153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2264109","display_name":"Artificial general intelligence","level":2,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157170001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4781507","display_name":"Applications of artificial intelligence","level":2,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47487241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227230","display_name":"Data access","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3398999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.33629998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114713312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551269","display_name":"Social network analysis","level":3,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2522999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105409693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937824","display_name":"Human intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7354118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7354118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7354118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1574363380","https://openalex.org/W1999798506","https://openalex.org/W2040484355","https://openalex.org/W2041710630","https://openalex.org/W2110873030","https://openalex.org/W2158296862","https://openalex.org/W2735791018","https://openalex.org/W2892254122","https://openalex.org/W2940900846","https://openalex.org/W3010781206","https://openalex.org/W3017311573","https://openalex.org/W3114407203","https://openalex.org/W3205271445","https://openalex.org/W4384154918","https://openalex.org/W4392163086","https://openalex.org/W4399518864","https://openalex.org/W4407142724","https://openalex.org/W7136657054"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7219254763","https://openalex.org/W7171960317","https://openalex.org/W7160308989","https://openalex.org/W7204199334","https://openalex.org/W4410923995","https://openalex.org/W7124724332","https://openalex.org/W4403898519","https://openalex.org/W7171647596","https://openalex.org/W7160257680","https://openalex.org/W7161602103"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
