{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204232191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","title":"Spatial Planarization Controls Optical Anisotropy for Efficient and Stable Blue\u2010Emitting OLEDs","display_name":"Spatial Planarization Controls Optical Anisotropy for Efficient and Stable Blue\u2010Emitting OLEDs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204232191","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42644493"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.74617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.74617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.74617","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016180927","display_name":"Chengcheng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-9961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-9961"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-9961","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018721364","display_name":"Kai\u2010Ning Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7126-0787","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7126-0787"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai\u2010Ning Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7126-0787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148395576","display_name":"Yuan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148279533","display_name":"Manli Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manli Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008607645","display_name":"Jiazhi Meng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhi Meng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073080080","display_name":"Yan\u2010Lin Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan\u2010Lin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) MUST\u2010SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology  Taipa Macau P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) MUST\u2010SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology  Taipa Macau P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031768438","display_name":"Kefei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1624-9874","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1624-9874","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6741-9184"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kefei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148348859","display_name":"Siqi Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137679283","display_name":"Wei He","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148365765","display_name":"Zehao Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122144465","display_name":"Hai Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037046979","display_name":"Man\u2010Keung Fung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-9673","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3447-9673"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Man\u2010Keung Fung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) MUST\u2010SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology  Taipa Macau P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE) MUST\u2010SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials Zhuhai MUST Science and Technology Research Institute Macau University of Science and Technology  Taipa Macau P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416361","display_name":"Dongdong Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-6200","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-6200"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dongdong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8433-6200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089900071","display_name":"Chuluo Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-3460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-3460","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-0586","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3285-0053"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuluo Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9337-3460","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology College of Materials Science and Engineering Shenzhen University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050944748","display_name":"Feiyu Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-4379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-4379"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feiyu Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070210507","display_name":"Lian Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-0972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-0972","https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2446-2089"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2750-0972","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Chemistry Tsinghua University  Beijing P. R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086153400","display_name":"Guodan Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-2789","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-2789"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263052","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guodan Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-2789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University  Shenzhen China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405263052","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089900071","https://openalex.org/A5100416361"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":6070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":6070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5766175,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"e74617","last_page":"e74617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10611","display_name":"Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11240","display_name":"Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10097","display_name":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blue-oleds","display_name":"blue OLEDs","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-anisotropy","display_name":"optical anisotropy","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iridium-iii-complexes","display_name":"iridium(III) complexes","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exciton-stability","display_name":"exciton stability","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exciton-binding-energy","display_name":"exciton binding energy","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiative-lifetime","display_name":"radiative lifetime","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dipole-orientation","display_name":"dipole orientation","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-extraction","display_name":"light extraction","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tadf-emitters","display_name":"TADF emitters","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/narrowband-emission","display_name":"narrowband emission","score":0.47099998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-life","display_name":"service life","score":0.6549999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180088628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069404","display_name":"Chemical-mechanical planarization","level":3,"score":0.8942000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17729963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858289","display_name":"Exciton","level":2,"score":0.8015000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173523689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215589","display_name":"Dipole","level":2,"score":0.5723999738693237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5708000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85725439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466686","display_name":"Anisotropy","level":2,"score":0.5127000212669373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205507967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q900625","display_name":"Quantum efficiency","level":2,"score":0.4498000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150759737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209593","display_name":"OLED","level":3,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93282013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420754","display_name":"Binding energy","level":2,"score":0.39989998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.36660000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111154242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923545","display_name":"Spontaneous emission","level":3,"score":0.3555000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74561354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901723","display_name":"Excimer","level":3,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102931765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189673","display_name":"Dissociation (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108649604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065170","display_name":"Full width at half maximum","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148869448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184240","display_name":"Luminescence","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.27230000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776366733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420972","display_name":"Benzocyclobutene","level":3,"score":0.2614000141620636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.74617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.74617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42644493","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42644493","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/adma.74617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.74617","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/adma.74617","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99352657","display_name":"Advanced Materials","issn_l":"0935-9648","issn":["0935-9648","1521-4095"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advanced Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8924235105514526}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5855259476","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52027817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8100836417","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M761639","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8866806561","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52572175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337986","display_name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/01vceef04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204232191.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204232191.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668566020","https://openalex.org/W1993530673","https://openalex.org/W1994651297","https://openalex.org/W2073516511","https://openalex.org/W2161277915","https://openalex.org/W2261160658","https://openalex.org/W2266647437","https://openalex.org/W2267692434","https://openalex.org/W2557826438","https://openalex.org/W2559500949","https://openalex.org/W2712235653","https://openalex.org/W2981608570","https://openalex.org/W3175122660","https://openalex.org/W3183562975","https://openalex.org/W3189955660","https://openalex.org/W3199520778","https://openalex.org/W4205954960","https://openalex.org/W4225291899","https://openalex.org/W4366351728","https://openalex.org/W4385663112","https://openalex.org/W4386347891","https://openalex.org/W4388911903","https://openalex.org/W4390570457","https://openalex.org/W4392189842","https://openalex.org/W4393130505","https://openalex.org/W4396796492","https://openalex.org/W4399568747","https://openalex.org/W4400083852","https://openalex.org/W4401556460","https://openalex.org/W4404861040","https://openalex.org/W4405462582","https://openalex.org/W4406646609","https://openalex.org/W4408317762","https://openalex.org/W4410144272","https://openalex.org/W4415294669"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"study,":[3],"we":[4],"report":[5],"a":[6,44,84,111,146,159,168,202,219],"spatial":[7,199],"planarization":[8,52,200],"strategy":[9,221],"for":[10,207,222],"asymmetric":[11],"Ir(III)":[12,107],"complexes":[13],"that":[14],"simultaneously":[15],"improves":[16],"exciton":[17,54,73,209],"stability":[18],"and":[19,47,57,120,175,214,224],"optical":[20],"outcoupling":[21],"in":[22,115],"blue":[23,150,226],"OLEDs.":[24,227],"By":[25],"incorporating":[26],"bulky":[27],"tert":[28],"\u2010butylcarbazole":[29],"(tBuCz)":[30],"units":[31],"into":[32,43],"tridentate":[33],"N\u2010heterocyclic":[34],"carbene":[35],"ligands,":[36],"the":[37,59,76,79,105,128,148],"molecular":[38,125,204],"geometry":[39],"is":[40],"sterically":[41],"confined":[42],"more":[45],"coplanar":[46],"anisotropic":[48],"configuration.":[49],"This":[50,118],"structural":[51,119],"increases":[53],"binding":[55],"energy":[56],"shortens":[58],"radiative":[60,72],"lifetime,":[61],"thereby":[62],"stabilizing":[63],"bound":[64],"excitons":[65],"against":[66],"thermally":[67],"activated":[68],"dissociation":[69],"while":[70],"accelerating":[71],"consumption.":[74],"At":[75],"same":[77],"time,":[78],"enhanced":[80],"geometric":[81],"anisotropy":[82],"induces":[83],"highly":[85],"horizontal":[86],"emitting":[87],"dipole":[88,138,211],"orientation":[89,212],"(EDO)":[90],"of":[91,143,165,173,187],"approximately":[92],"95%,":[93],"enabling":[94],"efficient":[95,223],"intrinsic":[96],"light":[97],"extraction.":[98],"Beyond":[99],"its":[100],"role":[101],"as":[102,201],"an":[103,141,176],"emitter,":[104],"planarized":[106],"complex":[108],"further":[109],"has":[110],"cooperative":[112],"alignment":[113,126,216],"effect":[114,123],"hyper\u2010OLED":[116,151],"architectures.":[117],"electrostatic":[121],"templating":[122],"transfers":[124],"to":[127,136,183],"terminal":[129],"multiple\u2010resonance":[130],"TADF":[131],"emitter":[132],"v":[133],"\u2010DABNA,":[134],"leading":[135],"secondary":[137],"ordering":[139],"with":[140,158],"EDO":[142],"98%.":[144],"As":[145],"result,":[147],"optimized":[149],"achieves":[152],"ultra\u2010narrow":[153],"emission":[154],"at":[155,162,190],"470":[156],"nm":[157],"full":[160],"width":[161],"half":[163],"maximum":[164,169],"22":[166],"nm,":[167],"external":[170],"quantum":[171],"efficiency":[172],"36.9%,":[174],"operational":[177],"lifetime":[178],"(LT":[179],"50":[180],",":[181],"time":[182],"50%":[184],"initial":[185],"luminance)":[186],"446":[188],"h":[189],"1000":[191],"cd":[192],"m":[193],"\u22122":[194],".":[195],"These":[196],"results":[197],"establish":[198],"powerful":[203],"design":[205],"principle":[206],"coupling":[208],"stabilization,":[210],"control,":[213],"interfacial":[215],"transfer,":[217],"providing":[218],"general":[220],"stable":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}