{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204227097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","title":"PREDICTING HOURLY AMBULANCE USAGE FOR TWO SELECTED GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN MALAYSIA; COMPARISON BETWEEN SEASONAL AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (SARIMA) AND SEASONAL DECOMPOSITION MODELS","display_name":"PREDICTING HOURLY AMBULANCE USAGE FOR TWO SELECTED GOVERNMENT HOSPITALS IN MALAYSIA; COMPARISON BETWEEN SEASONAL AUTOREGRESSIVE INTEGRATED MOVING AVERAGE (SARIMA) AND SEASONAL DECOMPOSITION MODELS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204227097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","pdf_url":"https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/download/21676/13173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230638","display_name":"BAREKENG JURNAL ILMU MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN","issn_l":"1978-7227","issn":["1978-7227","2615-3017"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314943","host_organization_name":"University of Pattimura","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pattimura"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/download/21676/13173","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021104782","display_name":"Loshini Thiruchelvam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-4854","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-4854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loshini Thiruchelvam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-4854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079643792","display_name":"Nur Balqishanis Zainal Abidin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-524X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-524X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Balqishanis Zainal Abidin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing & Informatics (FCI), Multimedia University, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7599-524X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing & Informatics (FCI), Multimedia University, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107181704","display_name":"Uma Eswari Punchanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-7897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-7897"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927443849","display_name":"Tunku Abdul Rahman University of Management and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03b3zvp63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927443849"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uma Eswari Punchanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Marketing, Teh Hong Piow Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2743-7897","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Marketing, Teh Hong Piow Faculty of Business and Finance, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927443849","https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063343511","display_name":"Nur Dayana Abdul Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8130-3145","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8130-3145"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Dayana Abdul Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8130-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004998762","display_name":"Nur Amalina Mat Jan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-7506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-7506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nur Amalina Mat Jan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5782-7506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physical and Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102630470","display_name":"Jane Irene PJ Antony -","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256456","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman Sungai Long Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/046b54093","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256456","https://openalex.org/I931681460"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931681460","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Irene P. J. Antony","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of English Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8648-9094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of English Education, Faculty of Education, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256456","https://openalex.org/I931681460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"2799","last_page":"2812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11918","display_name":"Forecasting Techniques and Applications","score":0.9307000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.023800000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11773","display_name":"Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization","score":0.01590000092983246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarima-model","display_name":"SARIMA","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seasonal-decomposition","display_name":"seasonal decomposition","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-use","display_name":"emergency department utilization","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-emergency-services","display_name":"hospital emergency services","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-comparison","display_name":"model comparison","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24338571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566298","display_name":"Autoregressive integrated moving average","level":3,"score":0.8084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125403950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111082","display_name":"Seasonality","level":2,"score":0.5253000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169446498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622893","display_name":"Seasonal adjustment","level":3,"score":0.5055000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.49140000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159877910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2202883","display_name":"Autoregressive model","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175706884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130194","display_name":"Moving average","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.351500004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.30489999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74883015","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290467","display_name":"Autoregressive\u2013moving-average model","level":3,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155380588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1088984","display_name":"Moving-average model","level":4,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545288138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860447","display_name":"Emergency medical services","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170061395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5468164","display_name":"Forecast skill","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","pdf_url":"https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/download/21676/13173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230638","display_name":"BAREKENG JURNAL ILMU MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN","issn_l":"1978-7227","issn":["1978-7227","2615-3017"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314943","host_organization_name":"University of Pattimura","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pattimura"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:16826","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://shdl.mmu.edu.my/16826/1/21676-Article%20Text-161050-2-10-20260827.pdf","pdf_url":"https://shdl.mmu.edu.my/16826/1/21676-Article%20Text-161050-2-10-20260827.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71b77515ca394e3dace585075381ddfc","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71b77515ca394e3dace585075381ddfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Barekeng, Vol 20, Iss 4 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.30598/barekengvol20iss4pp2799-2812","pdf_url":"https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/barekeng/article/download/21676/13173","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230638","display_name":"BAREKENG JURNAL ILMU MATEMATIKA DAN TERAPAN","issn_l":"1978-7227","issn":["1978-7227","2615-3017"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj","jufo-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310314943","host_organization_name":"University of Pattimura","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310314943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Pattimura"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BAREKENG: Jurnal Ilmu Matematika dan Terapan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"},{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321398","display_name":"Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman","ror":"https://ror.org/050pq4m56"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204227097.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204227097.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1658820945","https://openalex.org/W2335691521","https://openalex.org/W2465573642","https://openalex.org/W2523942064","https://openalex.org/W3023421578","https://openalex.org/W3037072232","https://openalex.org/W3119395596","https://openalex.org/W4206949525","https://openalex.org/W4229076987","https://openalex.org/W4293103572","https://openalex.org/W4367596588","https://openalex.org/W4378347510","https://openalex.org/W4383907912","https://openalex.org/W4386753240","https://openalex.org/W4387073463","https://openalex.org/W4387297231","https://openalex.org/W4388599020","https://openalex.org/W4391563505","https://openalex.org/W4391845931","https://openalex.org/W4396606426","https://openalex.org/W4402495721","https://openalex.org/W4403559215","https://openalex.org/W4405510349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3046372096","https://openalex.org/W4226250132","https://openalex.org/W4409593109","https://openalex.org/W7160316324","https://openalex.org/W7167246919","https://openalex.org/W4403876778","https://openalex.org/W7220605041","https://openalex.org/W6990421432","https://openalex.org/W4388911645","https://openalex.org/W2804797070"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"ambulance":[1,70],"is":[2,214],"a":[3,19,48,146],"vehicle":[4],"used":[5,98],"to":[6,18,27,99,126,182,196,219],"transport":[7],"sick":[8],"or":[9,200],"injured":[10],"people,":[11],"and":[12,55,93,160,217],"the":[13,39,51,63,75,86,101,116,121,135,138,141,157,164,172,176,179,190,197,211,220],"patient":[14],"will":[15],"be":[16],"sent":[17],"hospital":[20],"for":[21,79],"further":[22,169],"treatment.":[23],"This":[24,151],"study":[25,104,139,177,208],"aims":[26],"predict":[28],"hourly":[29,69],"use":[30],"of":[31],"ambulances":[32],"in":[33,46,50,59,62,134],"two":[34],"selected":[35],"government":[36],"hospital,":[37],"namely":[38,85],"Hospital":[40,56,130],"Sultanah":[41],"Nur":[42],"Zahirah":[43],"(HSNZ),":[44],"located":[45,58],"Terengganu,":[47],"state":[49],"East":[52],"Peninsular":[53,65],"Malaysia,":[54],"Tapah,":[57],"Perak":[60],"state,":[61],"West":[64],"Malaysia.":[66],"Data":[67],"on":[68,156,163],"usage":[71],"were":[72,97,194],"obtained":[73],"from":[74,145],"hospital\u2019s":[76],"emergency":[77],"department":[78],"2010.":[80],"Two":[81],"distinct":[82],"statistical":[83],"models,":[84,149],"Seasonal":[87,94,117],"Autoregressive":[88],"Integrated":[89],"Moving":[90],"Average":[91],"(SARIMA)":[92],"Decomposition":[95,118],"model,":[96,175],"model":[100,123,144,152,181,213],"dataset.":[102,166,222],"The":[103],"found":[105,125,178],"that":[106,210],"both":[107],"hospitals":[108],"have":[109],"different":[110],"best":[111,142,162],"forecasting":[112],"models:":[113],"HSNZ":[114,136],"uses":[115],"Model,":[119],"whereas":[120],"SARIMA":[122,143],"was":[124],"forecast":[127],"better":[128],"at":[129,201],"Tapah.":[131],"For":[132],"example,":[133],"study,":[137],"determined":[140],"few":[147],"candidate":[148],"namely.":[150],"showed":[153],"good":[154],"performance":[155],"training":[158],"dataset":[159],"performed":[161],"test":[165],"However,":[167],"when":[168],"compared":[170],"with":[171],"seasonal":[173],"decomposition":[174],"latter":[180],"perform":[183],"better.":[184],"When":[185],"visually":[186],"investigated":[187],"as":[188],"well,":[189],"model\u2019s":[191],"forecasted":[192],"values":[193],"close":[195],"actual":[198],"values,":[199],"least":[202],"relatively":[203],"acceptable.":[204],"So":[205],"far,":[206],"this":[207],"concludes":[209],"developed":[212],"highly":[215],"localized":[216],"specific":[218],"given":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}
