{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204223902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","title":"Optimal Battery Energy Storage Sizing and Dynamic Fault Protection for a Solar\u2013Biomass Hybrid Microgrid in an Islanded Power System","display_name":"Optimal Battery Energy Storage Sizing and Dynamic Fault Protection for a Solar\u2013Biomass Hybrid Microgrid in an Islanded Power System","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204223902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/er/4124195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32776067","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","issn_l":"0363-907X","issn":["0363-907X","1099-114X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137431362","display_name":"Md. Behesty Hasan Sagor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4276-8063","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4276-8063"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17477748","display_name":"Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049ysg747","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Behesty Hasan Sagor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology ,  Rajshahi 6204 ,  Bangladesh , ruet.ac.bd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4276-8063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology ,  Rajshahi 6204 ,  Bangladesh , ruet.ac.bd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17477748"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042425776","display_name":"Md. Feroz Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-9371","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-9371"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I260446899","display_name":"Pabna University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vxg3438","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I260446899"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md. Feroz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Pabna University of Science and Technology ,  Pabna 6600 ,  Bangladesh , pust.ac.bd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2764-9371","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Pabna University of Science and Technology ,  Pabna 6600 ,  Bangladesh , pust.ac.bd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260446899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113342944","display_name":"Diganto Biswas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9699-264X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9699-264X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I260446899","display_name":"Pabna University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01vxg3438","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I260446899"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diganto Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Pabna University of Science and Technology ,  Pabna 6600 ,  Bangladesh , pust.ac.bd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9699-264X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,  Pabna University of Science and Technology ,  Pabna 6600 ,  Bangladesh , pust.ac.bd","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260446899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087367316","display_name":"Md Shafiul Alam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8011","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8011"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shafiul Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering ,  College of Engineering ,  King Faisal University ,  Al Ahsa 31982 ,  Saudi Arabia , kfu.edu.sa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8505-8011","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering ,  College of Engineering ,  King Faisal University ,  Al Ahsa 31982 ,  Saudi Arabia , kfu.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152072062","display_name":"S M Shakil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-1979","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-1979"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32480017","display_name":"Florida Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e5mdj42","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. M. Shakil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ,  Florida Polytechnic University ,  Florida 33805 ,  USA , floridapolytechnic.org"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-1979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering ,  Florida Polytechnic University ,  Florida 33805 ,  USA , floridapolytechnic.org","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32480017"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102822130","display_name":"Fahad Saleh Al\u2013Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-5706","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-5706"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) ,  Dhahran 31261 ,  Saudi Arabia , kfupm.edu.sa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8743-5706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering ,  King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) ,  Dhahran 31261 ,  Saudi Arabia , kfupm.edu.sa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042425776"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I260446899"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2700},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9286999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11007","display_name":"Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems","score":0.061400000005960464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-energy-storage-sizing","display_name":"battery storage sizing","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/islanded-microgrid","display_name":"islanded microgrids","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/techno-economic-optimization","display_name":"techno-economic optimization","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-generator","display_name":"biomass generator","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-pull-converter","display_name":"push-pull converter","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undervoltage-protection","display_name":"undervoltage protection","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dc-fault-protection","display_name":"DC fault protection","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"state of charge","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-costs","display_name":"energy costs","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saint-martin-s-island","display_name":"Saint Martin's Island","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homer-pro","display_name":"HOMER Pro","score":0.777999997138977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.8743000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.7978000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6462000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.5519000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.4602000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4456000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.4043999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.385699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3828999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776469763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5034491","display_name":"Capacity optimization","level":3,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777908891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806775","display_name":"Load profile","level":3,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/er/4124195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32776067","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","issn_l":"0363-907X","issn":["0363-907X","1099-114X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/er/4124195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/er/4124195","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S32776067","display_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","issn_l":"0363-907X","issn":["0363-907X","1099-114X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":1.0,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903,"display_name":"Climate action"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011962569","https://openalex.org/W2070431423","https://openalex.org/W2073108142","https://openalex.org/W2100798126","https://openalex.org/W2170852556","https://openalex.org/W2573815883","https://openalex.org/W2913939418","https://openalex.org/W2915142597","https://openalex.org/W2935831473","https://openalex.org/W2940928110","https://openalex.org/W2948333992","https://openalex.org/W2989838291","https://openalex.org/W3004192220","https://openalex.org/W3008669251","https://openalex.org/W3048554000","https://openalex.org/W3110243318","https://openalex.org/W3111425735","https://openalex.org/W3116541656","https://openalex.org/W3133563292","https://openalex.org/W3134186007","https://openalex.org/W3176403067","https://openalex.org/W4200324296","https://openalex.org/W4224096951","https://openalex.org/W4282557712","https://openalex.org/W4309737274","https://openalex.org/W4367308950","https://openalex.org/W4372056220","https://openalex.org/W4382400893","https://openalex.org/W4387359980","https://openalex.org/W4389747885","https://openalex.org/W4398180771","https://openalex.org/W4400391840","https://openalex.org/W4401015283","https://openalex.org/W4402535963","https://openalex.org/W4405259811","https://openalex.org/W4405675985","https://openalex.org/W4407169284","https://openalex.org/W4409222905","https://openalex.org/W4412447469","https://openalex.org/W4413803789","https://openalex.org/W4414908742","https://openalex.org/W4416294420","https://openalex.org/W4416646272","https://openalex.org/W4416721533","https://openalex.org/W7108328928","https://openalex.org/W7117294906","https://openalex.org/W7126085832","https://openalex.org/W7128521722","https://openalex.org/W7147689206"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013510089","https://openalex.org/W7134952731","https://openalex.org/W7163010290","https://openalex.org/W4410309179","https://openalex.org/W2908014700","https://openalex.org/W3016032771","https://openalex.org/W7212454900","https://openalex.org/W2946831174","https://openalex.org/W3126858050","https://openalex.org/W4223943979"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimal":[0],"sizing":[1,62],"and":[2,28,58,98,209],"operation":[3],"of":[4,31,78,83,101,124,128,153],"battery":[5,32,50,79,115],"energy":[6,102,116],"storage":[7,33,80,117,168,185],"remain":[8],"critical":[9],"challenges":[10],"for":[11,40,207],"islanded":[12,211],"microgrids,":[13],"where":[14],"supply\u2013demand":[15],"balancing":[16],"depends":[17],"entirely":[18],"on":[19,167],"local":[20],"resources.":[21],"This":[22],"study":[23],"investigates":[24],"the":[25,48,88,99,111,134,164,184],"techno\u2010economic":[26],"optimization":[27],"fault\u2010resilient":[29],"integration":[30],"within":[34,121],"a":[35,122,142,176,204],"solar\u2013biomass":[36],"hybrid":[37],"microgrid":[38,212],"designed":[39],"Saint":[41],"Martin\u2019s":[42],"Island,":[43],"Bangladesh.":[44],"Using":[45],"HOMER":[46],"Pro,":[47],"optimal":[49,73],"capacity":[51,70],"is":[52],"determined":[53],"alongside":[54],"solar":[55],"photovoltaic":[56],"(PV)":[57],"biomass":[59],"generator":[60],"(BioGen)":[61],"to":[63,95,106,110,131,138,197],"minimize":[64],"lifecycle":[65],"cost":[66,91,100],"while":[67],"ensuring":[68],"zero":[69],"shortage.":[71],"The":[72,114,200],"configuration":[74],"requires":[75],"3650":[76],"kWh":[77,85],"(73":[81],"units":[82],"50":[84],"each),":[86],"reducing":[87],"net":[89],"present":[90],"(NPC)":[92],"from":[93,104,187,193],"1,347,078.73":[94],"828,330.21":[96],"USD":[97],"(COE)":[103],"0.0934":[105],"0.0574":[107],"USD/kWh":[108],"relative":[109],"existing":[112],"system.":[113],"system":[118,158,186],"(BESS)":[119],"operates":[120],"state":[123],"charge":[125],"(SOC)":[126],"range":[127],"approximately":[129,194],"11%":[130],"100%":[132,139],"across":[133],"year,":[135],"with":[136,160,180],"45%":[137],"observed":[140],"during":[141],"representative":[143],"week":[144],"in":[145,172],"July.":[146],"A":[147,196],"sensitivity":[148],"analysis":[149],"under":[150],"\u00b140%":[151],"variation":[152],"five":[154],"key":[155],"parameters":[156,162],"confirms":[157],"robustness,":[159],"financial":[161],"exerting":[163],"strongest":[165],"influence":[166],"economics.":[169],"Dynamic":[170],"validation":[171],"MATLAB/Simulink":[173],"demonstrates":[174],"that":[175],"push\u2013pull":[177],"converter":[178],"integrated":[179],"undervoltage":[181],"protection":[182],"isolates":[183],"DC":[188],"faults,":[189],"suppressing":[190],"fault":[191],"currents":[192],"1000":[195],"near":[198],"zero.":[199],"proposed":[201],"framework":[202],"provides":[203],"storage\u2010centered":[205],"methodology":[206],"resilient":[208],"economical":[210],"deployment.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-27T00:00:00"}