{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204208859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23370","title":"Walking on the DARKSIDE","display_name":"Walking on the DARKSIDE","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204208859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23370"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.23370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23370","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065705742","display_name":"Aldo Gangemi A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5568-2684","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5568-2684"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9360294","display_name":"University of Bologna","ror":"https://ror.org/01111rn36","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangemi, Aldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["AlmaAI , University of Bologna ;","ISTC-CNR , Rome , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AlmaAI , University of Bologna ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9360294"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTC-CNR , Rome , Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107413834","display_name":"Emanuele Bottazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1293-597X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1293-597X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bottazzi, Emanuele","raw_affiliation_strings":["ISTC-CNR , Rome , Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ISTC-CNR , Rome , Italy","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.4641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.4641000032424927,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.33149999380111694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.04309999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hallucination-detection","display_name":"hallucination detection","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owl-2","display_name":"OWL 2","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karl-polanyi","display_name":"Karl Polanyi","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discourse-coherence","display_name":"discourse coherence","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemini-3","display_name":"Gemini 3","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/claude-sonnet","display_name":"Claude Sonnet","score":0.5400000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6344000101089478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.5203999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4205999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4198000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.4196999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39559999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.39340001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777096784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3826351","display_name":"Referent","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35440000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169590947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47506","display_name":"Compiler","level":2,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62923972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600499","display_name":"Nonsense","level":3,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95611797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17502105","display_name":"Infimum and supremum","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2185349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190558","display_name":"Negation","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184047640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182593","display_name":"Illusion","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777721189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17121921","display_name":"Observational equivalence","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.27399998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.27309998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124304363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q673661","display_name":"Abstraction","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.23370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.23370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23370","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.23370","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.23370","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.23370","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.23370","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204208859.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204208859.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391158659","https://openalex.org/W4403363374","https://openalex.org/W4416542207","https://openalex.org/W7101624202","https://openalex.org/W7103153711","https://openalex.org/W7128393398","https://openalex.org/W7128811785","https://openalex.org/W7140116004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416234181","https://openalex.org/W7140103421","https://openalex.org/W7162873311","https://openalex.org/W7171640761","https://openalex.org/W4416037193","https://openalex.org/W4409361751","https://openalex.org/W4399803256","https://openalex.org/W7142868148","https://openalex.org/W7083678916","https://openalex.org/W7115912338"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"Language":[1],"Models":[2],"(LLMs)":[3],"do":[4],"not":[5],"natively":[6],"track":[7],"the":[8,81,84,95,101,198,205,258,265],"path":[9,157],"of":[10,112,120,156,177],"exclusions":[11,122],"that":[12,54,131,261],"a":[13,22,25,29,74,107,128,152,165,173,217],"coherent":[14],"discourse":[15,124],"demands.":[16],"When":[17],"an":[18,32,51,65,116,188,233,237,244,269],"input":[19,77],"rests":[20],"on":[21,110,171,204],"fabricated":[23],"authority,":[24],"misapplied":[26],"mechanism,":[27],"or":[28,140],"surreptitious":[30],"analogy,":[31],"unsteered":[33,199],"LLM":[34,238],"tends":[35],"to":[36],"engage":[37],"with":[38,100,183,208],"it":[39,42,87],"as":[40,136,164,187,257,268],"if":[41],"were":[43],"well-posed,":[44],"and":[45,58,264],"this":[46],"affects":[47],"its":[48],"generation.":[49],"POLANYI++,":[50],"LLM-steering":[52],"method":[53,109,143],"uses":[55],"heuristics,":[56],"ontologies":[57],"problem-solving":[59],"methods":[60],"for":[61,197],"tacit-knowledge":[62],"extraction,":[63],"produces":[64],"Extended":[66],"Knowledge":[67],"Graph":[68],"(XKG)":[69],"in":[70,146,211,243],"OWL2,":[71],"but":[72],"when":[73,236],"sophisticated":[75],"nonsensical":[76],"is":[78,97,144,162,241],"reified":[79],"into":[80],"graph":[82],"alongside":[83],"legitimate":[85],"triples,":[86],"gets":[88],"hardly":[89],"detectable":[90],"by":[91,127],"automated":[92],"reasoners,":[93],"since":[94],"XKG":[96,255],"generated":[98],"jointly":[99],"wrong":[102],"assumptions.":[103],"We":[104],"introduce":[105],"DARKSIDE,":[106],"coherence-auditing":[108],"top":[111],"POLANYI++.":[113],"DARKSIDE":[114],"formalises":[115],"explicit":[117],"data":[118],"structure":[119],"accumulated":[121],"over":[123,168],"time,":[125],"complemented":[126],"warrant":[129,266],"axis":[130,267],"classifies":[132],"each":[133],"named":[134],"referent":[135],"Warranted,":[137],"Unattested,":[138],"Misattributed":[139],"Fabricated.":[141],"The":[142,159,230,254],"anchored":[145],"nine":[147],"theoretical":[148],"fragments":[149],"unified":[150],"under":[151],"shared":[153],"deep":[154],"frame":[155],"integrity.":[158],"resulting":[160],"DARKPOLANYI":[161,191],"evaluated":[163],"steering":[166],"layer":[167],"Gemini":[169,200],"3":[170,201],"BSBench,":[172],"100-item":[174],"adversarial":[175],"corpus":[176],"sophisticated-sounding":[178],"nonsense":[179],"across":[180],"multiple":[181],"domains,":[182],"Claude":[184],"Sonnet":[185],"4.6":[186],"independent":[189],"judge.":[190],"scores":[192],"1.89/2":[193],"mean":[194],"versus":[195],"0.95/2":[196],"Pro":[202],"baseline;":[203],"97":[206],"cases":[207],"valid":[209],"judgments":[210],"both":[212],"arms,":[213],"paired":[214,218],"McNemar":[215],"gives":[216],"bootstrap":[219],"mean-diff":[220],"=":[221,228],"+0.92":[222],"(95%":[223],"CI":[224],"[+0.75,":[225],"+1.08],":[226],"p":[227],"0.0001).":[229],"evidence":[231],"supports":[232],"architectural":[234],"claim:":[235],"forward":[239],"pass":[240],"wrapped":[242],"ontology-mediated":[245],"auditing,":[246],"structurally":[247],"inevitable":[248],"hallucination":[249],"can":[250],"be":[251],"partially":[252],"recovered.":[253],"functions":[256],"missing":[259],"memory":[260],"LLMs":[262],"lack,":[263],"epistemic":[270],"firewall.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
