{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204203775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","title":"Preliminary Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Commercial Chlorella vulgaris Powder Against Two Reference Bacterial Strains","display_name":"Preliminary Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of an Ethanolic Extract from Commercial Chlorella vulgaris Powder Against Two Reference Bacterial Strains","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204203775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.65405/x4d9y638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","pdf_url":"https://afjs.histr.edu.ly/index.php/afjs/article/download/708/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058654","display_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"3135-2359","issn":["3135-2359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://afjs.histr.edu.ly/index.php/afjs/article/download/708/631","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148049342","display_name":"Halima Awad Fathalla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253389","display_name":"University of Derna","ror":"https://ror.org/00kzrp571","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Halima Awad Fathalla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148134785","display_name":"Ashraf Soliman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253389","display_name":"University of Derna","ror":"https://ror.org/00kzrp571","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashraf Soliman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148170977","display_name":"Intisar Awad Al Adli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405253389","display_name":"University of Derna","ror":"https://ror.org/00kzrp571","country_code":"LY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}],"countries":["LY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Intisar Awad Al Adli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Derna, Derna, Libya","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405253389"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":"\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 3","first_page":"2240","last_page":"2247"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11390","display_name":"Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11390","display_name":"Seaweed-derived Bioactive Compounds","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10225","display_name":"Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorella-vulgaris","display_name":"Chlorella vulgaris","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-extract","display_name":"ethanol extract","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibacterial-activity","display_name":"antibacterial activity","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klebsiella-pneumoniae","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae","display_name":"microalgae","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-resistance","display_name":"antibiotic resistance","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-antimicrobials","display_name":"natural antimicrobials","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhibition-zone","display_name":"inhibition zone","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dose-dependent-effects","display_name":"dose-dependent effects","score":0.6600000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992619708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309972","display_name":"Chlorella vulgaris","level":3,"score":0.8363999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777058267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132592","display_name":"Klebsiella pneumoniae","level":4,"score":0.7574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.7537000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780104969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774530","display_name":"Antibacterial activity","level":3,"score":0.7408999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11636898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q390585","display_name":"Agar diffusion test","level":4,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.4957999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019249092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274493","display_name":"Antibacterial agent","level":3,"score":0.43149998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.4253000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.39879998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176947019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q597889","display_name":"Minimum inhibitory concentration","level":3,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94665300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63391344","display_name":"Antibiotic resistance","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556039675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q771035","display_name":"Traditional medicine","level":1,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17741926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762045","display_name":"Bacterial growth","level":3,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2759000062942505}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.65405/x4d9y638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","pdf_url":"https://afjs.histr.edu.ly/index.php/afjs/article/download/708/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058654","display_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"3135-2359","issn":["3135-2359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.65405/x4d9y638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.65405/x4d9y638","pdf_url":"https://afjs.histr.edu.ly/index.php/afjs/article/download/708/631","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407058654","display_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"3135-2359","issn":["3135-2359"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Al-Farooq Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8371999859809875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204203775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204203775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018067962","https://openalex.org/W2059738917","https://openalex.org/W2118970688","https://openalex.org/W2149871826","https://openalex.org/W2162336404","https://openalex.org/W2165189049","https://openalex.org/W2168519960","https://openalex.org/W2185564569","https://openalex.org/W2618578948","https://openalex.org/W3165841481","https://openalex.org/W4200152653","https://openalex.org/W4295102859","https://openalex.org/W4316466889","https://openalex.org/W4381828221","https://openalex.org/W4401503519","https://openalex.org/W4405852635","https://openalex.org/W4407166200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168403855","https://openalex.org/W7117437738","https://openalex.org/W4406826013","https://openalex.org/W3110548297","https://openalex.org/W3084871219","https://openalex.org/W3009127462","https://openalex.org/W4401275278","https://openalex.org/W2596157039","https://openalex.org/W2055857033","https://openalex.org/W2185061944"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Antibiotic":[0],"resistance":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3],"growing":[4],"clinical":[5],"challenge,":[6],"particularly":[7],"among":[8],"Klebsiella":[9],"pneumoniae":[10,45,156],"and":[11,48,58,78,125,157,186],"Staphylococcus":[12],"aureus,":[13],"prompting":[14],"interest":[15],"in":[16,26,71],"natural":[17],"antimicrobial":[18],"agents":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21],"microalgae.":[22],"To":[23],"evaluate":[24],"the":[25,64,79,126],"vitro":[27],"antibacterial":[28,176],"activity":[29,177],"of":[30,43,168],"an":[31],"ethanolic":[32,166],"extract":[33,54,167],"prepared":[34],"from":[35],"commercial":[36,169],"Chlorella":[37],"vulgaris":[38,171],"powder":[39,172],"against":[40,178],"reference":[41,180],"strains":[42],"K.":[44,155],"(ATCC":[46,51],"13883)":[47],"S.":[49,163],"aureus":[50],"25923).":[52],"Three":[53],"concentrations":[55],"(100,":[56],"50,":[57],"10":[59],"mg/mL)":[60],"were":[61,76,92],"tested":[62],"using":[63],"disk":[65,82],"diffusion":[66],"method":[67],"alongside":[68],"standard":[69],"antibiotics,":[70],"triplicate.":[72],"Total":[73],"inhibition":[74,89,105,147],"diameters":[75],"recorded,":[77],"6":[80],"mm":[81,153,161],"diameter":[83],"was":[84,131,140],"subtracted":[85],"to":[86],"obtain":[87],"net":[88,146],"zones.":[90],"Data":[91],"analysed":[93],"by":[94],"two-way":[95],"ANOVA":[96],"with":[97],"Tukey's":[98],"HSD":[99],"post-hoc":[100],"test.":[101],"Treatment":[102],"significantly":[103],"affected":[104],"zone":[106],"size":[107],"(F(6,28)":[108],"=":[109,123,135],"262.58,":[110],"P":[111],"<":[112],"0.001),":[113],"while":[114],"bacterial":[115],"species":[116,129],"alone":[117],"had":[118],"no":[119],"significant":[120,133],"effect":[121],"(P":[122,134],"0.456)":[124],"treatment":[127],"\u00d7":[128],"interaction":[130],"not":[132],"0.114).":[136],"A":[137],"dose-dependent":[138,175],"increase":[139],"observed;":[141],"at":[142],"100":[143],"mg/mL,":[144],"mean":[145],"zones":[148],"reached":[149],"12.33":[150],"\u00b1":[151,159],"2.52":[152],"for":[154,162],"10.33":[158],"1.53":[160],"aureus.":[164],"The":[165],"C.":[170],"exhibited":[173],"detectable,":[174],"both":[179],"strains,":[181],"warranting":[182],"further":[183],"MIC,":[184],"MBC,":[185],"chemical":[187],"characterisation":[188],"studies.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
