{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204203369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","title":"PMI TechNote : Bacteriophages\u2014From the Petri Dish to Conquering the Nooks and Crannies of Difficult\u2010to\u2010Treat Infections","display_name":"PMI TechNote : Bacteriophages\u2014From the Petri Dish to Conquering the Nooks and Crannies of Difficult\u2010to\u2010Treat Infections","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204203369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42642352","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13506350"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/apm.70249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apm.70249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135377718","display_name":"Apmis","issn_l":"0903-4641","issn":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APMIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204203369"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apm.70249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117116256","display_name":"Amalie H\u00f8gh Eichler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3673-4737","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3673-4737"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amalie H\u00f8gh Eichler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3673-4737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116869192","display_name":"Ida Friberg Hitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2699-9858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2699-9858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ida Friberg Hitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2699-9858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034394346","display_name":"Kira C\u00e9line Koonce","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-8558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-8558"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kira C\u00e9line Koonce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7025-8558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007059430","display_name":"Leah M. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8407","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8407"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leah M. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8223-8407","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046183873","display_name":"Jesper Juel Mauritzen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-914X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-914X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jesper Juel Mauritzen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark","Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3711-914X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences University of Copenhagen  Frederiksberg C Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080628093","display_name":"Nina Molin H\u00f8yland\u2010Kroghsbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-8859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-8859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nina Molin H\u00f8yland\u2010Kroghsbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5904-8859","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046183873","https://openalex.org/A5080628093"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"apc_list":{"value":4460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4460},"apc_paid":{"value":4460,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4460},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"134","issue":"8","first_page":"e70249","last_page":"e70249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11048","display_name":"Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10593","display_name":"Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13220","display_name":"Plant and Fungal Interactions Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteriophages","display_name":"bacteriophages","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phage-therapy","display_name":"phage therapy","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofilm","display_name":"biofilm","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phage-isolation","display_name":"phage isolation","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anaerobic-bacteria","display_name":"anaerobic bacteria","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-dormancy","display_name":"bacterial dormancy","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-tolerance","display_name":"antibiotic tolerance","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phage-bacteria-interactions","display_name":"phage-bacteria interactions","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/difficult-to-treat-infections","display_name":"difficult-to-treat infections","score":0.7149999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.7384999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779256223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q611870","display_name":"Phage therapy","level":5,"score":0.732200026512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776441376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165028","display_name":"Bacteriophage","level":4,"score":0.6165000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992397963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189790","display_name":"Anaerobic bacteria","level":3,"score":0.5530999898910522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58123911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410","display_name":"Biofilm","level":3,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.5138000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.4763000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146763376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81714","display_name":"Petri dish","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102715595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172861","display_name":"Ecological niche","level":3,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91478284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6623796","display_name":"Human microbiome","level":3,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136622501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934671","display_name":"Multidrug tolerance","level":4,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5140985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483866","display_name":"Anaerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15151743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903778","display_name":"Metagenomics","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000071059","descriptor_name":"Phage Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000693","descriptor_name":"Anaerobiosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001424","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001424","descriptor_name":"Bacterial Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001435","descriptor_name":"Bacteriophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001435","descriptor_name":"Bacteriophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011550","descriptor_name":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018441","descriptor_name":"Biofilms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024881","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/apm.70249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apm.70249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135377718","display_name":"Apmis","issn_l":"0903-4641","issn":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APMIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42642352","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42642352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13506350","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13506350/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APMIS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/e2935188-e157-49bc-9be7-bc0f2e3b060a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchprofiles.ku.dk/da/publications/e2935188-e157-49bc-9be7-bc0f2e3b060a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401983","display_name":"Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","host_organization_name":"University of Copenhagen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Eichler, A H, Hitz, I F, Koonce, K C, Smith, L M, Mauritzen, J J & H\u00f8yland-Kroghsbo, N M 2026, 'PMI TechNote : Bacteriophages-From the Petri Dish to Conquering the Nooks and Crannies of Difficult-to-Treat Infections', APMIS - Journal of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, vol. 134, no. 8, e70249. https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.64OTAGO_INST:11462729550001891","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/PMI-TechNote-BacteriophagesFrom-the-Petri-Dish/9926901375301891","pdf_url":"https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/view/delivery/64OTAGO_INST/12462729540001891/13462711650001891","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402094","display_name":"Otago University Research Archive (University of Otago)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","host_organization_name":"University of Otago","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/apm.70249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70249","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/apm.70249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135377718","display_name":"Apmis","issn_l":"0903-4641","issn":["0903-4641","1600-0463"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"APMIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1144994629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNF24OC0089658","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","funder_display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2730828455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MFP\u201023\u2010UOO\u2010095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335369","funder_display_name":"Marsden Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5414355772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1054\u201000099B","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322928","funder_display_name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308251","display_name":"L'Oreal USA","ror":"https://ror.org/054n84d53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320774","display_name":"Royal Society Te Ap\u0101rangi","ror":"https://ror.org/04tajb587"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322436","display_name":"Novo Nordisk","ror":"https://ror.org/0435rc536"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322928","display_name":"Danmarks Frie Forskningsfond","ror":"https://ror.org/02sptwz63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323153","display_name":"Danmarks Tekniske Universitet","ror":"https://ror.org/04qtj9h94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325957","display_name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","ror":"https://ror.org/04txyc737"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335369","display_name":"Marsden Fund","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204203369.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204203369.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1866650351","https://openalex.org/W1894075467","https://openalex.org/W1969295342","https://openalex.org/W1970515032","https://openalex.org/W1977858519","https://openalex.org/W1995546925","https://openalex.org/W2019197162","https://openalex.org/W2059266203","https://openalex.org/W2090357739","https://openalex.org/W2120137321","https://openalex.org/W2136143897","https://openalex.org/W2170456359","https://openalex.org/W2174377965","https://openalex.org/W2265024698","https://openalex.org/W2399110743","https://openalex.org/W2510651148","https://openalex.org/W2572554549","https://openalex.org/W2766272099","https://openalex.org/W2790195355","https://openalex.org/W2793520669","https://openalex.org/W2882987756","https://openalex.org/W2901300510","https://openalex.org/W2930637164","https://openalex.org/W2940117744","https://openalex.org/W2946892453","https://openalex.org/W2949665967","https://openalex.org/W2954214838","https://openalex.org/W3019884735","https://openalex.org/W3202808319","https://openalex.org/W4200182090","https://openalex.org/W4214926690","https://openalex.org/W4225341247","https://openalex.org/W4289169871","https://openalex.org/W4388698076","https://openalex.org/W4390512066","https://openalex.org/W4399323029","https://openalex.org/W4401285187","https://openalex.org/W4402557213","https://openalex.org/W4403098193","https://openalex.org/W4404188201","https://openalex.org/W4407552966","https://openalex.org/W4409054659","https://openalex.org/W4411495164","https://openalex.org/W4411622820","https://openalex.org/W4416410596","https://openalex.org/W7131629524"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2982259790","https://openalex.org/W7163902429","https://openalex.org/W7223056705","https://openalex.org/W7220924568","https://openalex.org/W2946388544","https://openalex.org/W7018988549","https://openalex.org/W7162041457","https://openalex.org/W2761826530","https://openalex.org/W3036616814","https://openalex.org/W4312332711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bacterial":[0],"infections":[1],"present":[2],"a":[3],"challenge":[4],"in":[5,9,15,31,148],"clinical":[6,169],"settings":[7],"due,":[8],"part,":[10],"to":[11,75,103],"their":[12,29,44],"remarkable":[13],"diversity":[14],"physiological":[16,81],"context":[17],"and":[18,48,55,59,78,95,118,152,160],"treatment":[19],"resistance.":[20],"Bacteriophage":[21],"viruses":[22],"(phages)":[23],"offer":[24],"renewed":[25],"therapeutic":[26],"promise,":[27],"yet":[28],"performance":[30],"vivo":[32],"often":[33,71],"differs":[34],"from":[35],"expectations":[36],"based":[37],"on":[38],"standard":[39],"laboratory":[40],"assays.":[41],"Biofilms,":[42],"with":[43,122,132],"dense":[45],"extracellular":[46],"matrix":[47],"spatial":[49],"heterogeneity,":[50],"restrict":[51],"phage":[52,87,125,145],"access,":[53],"diffusion,":[54],"replication.":[56],"Anaerobic":[57],"niches":[58,117],"metabolically":[60],"dormant":[61,108,153],"bacterial":[62],"subpopulations":[63],"at":[64],"the":[65,136,156,166],"biofilm":[66],"core":[67],"pose":[68],"additional":[69],"hurdles,":[70],"rendering":[72],"bacteria":[73],"tolerant":[74],"both":[76],"antibiotics":[77,120],"phages.":[79],"These":[80],"constraints":[82],"are":[83],"rarely":[84],"captured":[85],"during":[86],"isolation,":[88],"where":[89],"agar-based":[90],"plaque":[91],"assays,":[92],"oxygen-rich":[93],"conditions,":[94],"rapidly":[96],"growing":[97],"hosts":[98],"inadvertently":[99],"deselect":[100],"phages":[101],"adapted":[102],"biofilms,":[104,149],"anaerobic":[105,150],"zones,":[106],"or":[107,123],"states.":[109],"Understanding":[110],"how":[111,119],"phage-bacterial":[112],"interactions":[113],"vary":[114],"across":[115],"these":[116],"synergize":[121],"antagonize":[124],"activity":[126],"is":[127],"essential":[128],"for":[129,144,158],"designing":[130],"therapies":[131],"improved":[133],"effectiveness":[134],"beyond":[135],"Petri":[137],"dish.":[138],"This":[139],"TechNote":[140],"synthesizes":[141],"key":[142],"challenges":[143],"infection":[146],"dynamics":[147],"environments,":[151],"populations,":[154],"highlighting":[155],"need":[157],"isolation":[159],"screening":[161],"strategies":[162],"that":[163],"better":[164],"reflect":[165],"physiology":[167],"of":[168],"infections.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
