{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204202950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","title":"Benevolent Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students: A Moderation Analysis by Age, Gender, and Marital Status","display_name":"Benevolent Childhood Experiences and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students: A Moderation Analysis by Age, Gender, and Marital Status","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204202950","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064851773","display_name":"Haydee Mercedes Aguilar Armas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-6184","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-6184"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haydee Mercedes Aguilar-Armas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-6184","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039225017","display_name":"Velia Graciela Vera Calmet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-6067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-6067"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Velia Graciela Vera-Calmet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0170-6067","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113334350","display_name":"Marco Agust\u00edn Arbul\u00fa Ballesteros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-7580","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-7580"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Agust\u00edn Arbul\u00fa Ballesteros","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148120997","display_name":"Olga Elizabeth Samanamud Ram\u00edrez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Elizabeth Samanamud Ram\u00edrez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126717328","display_name":"Milagros  del Carmen Quispe Villarreal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-1694","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7525-1694"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milagros del Carmen Quispe Villarreal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050893018","display_name":"Lucy Ang\u00e9lica Yglesias Alva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-3588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-3588"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucy Ang\u00e9lica Yglesias-Alva","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9622-3588","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63507622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"21","first_page":"3574","last_page":"3574"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11388","display_name":"Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benevolent-childhood-experiences","display_name":"benevolent childhood experiences","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicidal-ideation","display_name":"suicidal ideation","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protective-factors","display_name":"protective factors","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-moderation","display_name":"age moderation","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marital-status","display_name":"marital status","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-adulthood","display_name":"emerging adulthood","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-mental-health","display_name":"university mental health","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-prevention","display_name":"suicide prevention","score":0.5149999856948853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.8546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776641880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944142","display_name":"Suicidal ideation","level":4,"score":0.7822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7452999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781354955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11920938","display_name":"Marital status","level":3,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.582099974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.4374000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97928714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7251376","display_name":"Protective factor","level":2,"score":0.40470001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3700999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3287999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187155963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629029","display_name":"Occupational safety and health","level":2,"score":0.30000001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018259451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8445","display_name":"Marital relationship","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202608.1801.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1801.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.1801.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/healthcare14213574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14213574","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214101","display_name":"Healthcare","issn_l":"2227-9032","issn":["2227-9032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Healthcare","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003220763","https://openalex.org/W2005364767","https://openalex.org/W2012186625","https://openalex.org/W2105846236","https://openalex.org/W2115217290","https://openalex.org/W2116839388","https://openalex.org/W2123362488","https://openalex.org/W2123612404","https://openalex.org/W2154515843","https://openalex.org/W2254735081","https://openalex.org/W2261146644","https://openalex.org/W2266560836","https://openalex.org/W2481302272","https://openalex.org/W2607403110","https://openalex.org/W2746711211","https://openalex.org/W2761194141","https://openalex.org/W2909582016","https://openalex.org/W2972244483","https://openalex.org/W2981875455","https://openalex.org/W3135491157","https://openalex.org/W3164439452","https://openalex.org/W3179845700","https://openalex.org/W3199390023","https://openalex.org/W3210383951","https://openalex.org/W4205483807","https://openalex.org/W4205860636","https://openalex.org/W4213416255","https://openalex.org/W4292528167","https://openalex.org/W4293367474","https://openalex.org/W4310363995","https://openalex.org/W4310642351","https://openalex.org/W4316143326","https://openalex.org/W4321792410","https://openalex.org/W4323309285","https://openalex.org/W4328101182","https://openalex.org/W4362634847","https://openalex.org/W4367856374","https://openalex.org/W4375864765","https://openalex.org/W4381308586","https://openalex.org/W4384339755","https://openalex.org/W4384926627","https://openalex.org/W4391321130","https://openalex.org/W4398162280","https://openalex.org/W4403548366","https://openalex.org/W4404882883","https://openalex.org/W4406106197","https://openalex.org/W4408065780","https://openalex.org/W4409717152","https://openalex.org/W4410705751","https://openalex.org/W4410837906","https://openalex.org/W4412710581","https://openalex.org/W4415041470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884286193","https://openalex.org/W4391807351","https://openalex.org/W2588512088","https://openalex.org/W1979494728","https://openalex.org/W7172438539","https://openalex.org/W2906366852","https://openalex.org/W4283776572","https://openalex.org/W2945245466","https://openalex.org/W2344919489","https://openalex.org/W7132978584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background/Objectives:":[0],"Suicidal":[1,84],"ideation":[2,33,123],"affects":[3],"a":[4,89,165,176,249],"considerable":[5],"proportion":[6],"of":[7,31,44,53,82,163,179,205,254,266],"college":[8,36],"students,":[9,37],"and":[10,28,47,58,73,78,107,111,118,151,183,203,234,245],"protective":[11,250],"factors":[12],"developed":[13],"during":[14],"childhood":[15,25,214],"may":[16],"mitigate":[17],"it.":[18],"We":[19],"examined":[20],"the":[21,29,41,71,75,79,83,135,138,152,190,198,206,252,267,270],"relationship":[22],"between":[23,201],"benevolent":[24,213],"experiences":[26,215],"(BCEs)":[27],"frequency":[30],"suicidal":[32,122,220],"among":[34],"Peruvian":[35,271],"as":[38,40,169],"well":[39],"moderating":[42],"roles":[43],"age,":[45,164],"gender,":[46],"marital":[48,232],"status.":[49],"Methods:":[50],"A":[51],"total":[52],"451":[54],"students":[55],"from":[56],"public":[57],"private":[59],"universities":[60],"in":[61,70,134,238,259,269],"Peru":[62],"(74.9%":[63],"women;":[64],"mean":[65],"age":[66],"22.12":[67],"years)":[68],"participated":[69],"study":[72,258],"completed":[74],"BCEs":[76,115,255],"scale":[77,268],"Spanish":[80],"version":[81],"Ideation":[85],"Frequency":[86],"Inventory.":[87],"Using":[88],"cross-sectional":[90],"correlational":[91,244],"design,":[92],"three":[93],"moderation":[94],"models":[95,199],"were":[96,116,186],"estimated":[97],"via":[98],"multiple":[99],"linear":[100],"regression":[101],"with":[102,121,219],"mean-centered":[103],"predictors,":[104],"heteroscedasticity-consistent":[105],"(HC3)":[106],"bootstrap":[108],"confidence":[109],"intervals,":[110],"sensitivity":[112],"analyses.":[113],"Results:":[114],"inversely":[117,217],"significantly":[119,228],"associated":[120,218],"(r":[124],"=":[125,142,149],"\u22120.358,":[126],"p":[127],"<":[128],"0.001).":[129],"Age":[130],"moderated":[131],"this":[132],"relationship:":[133],"continuous-age":[136],"model,":[137],"interaction":[139],"was":[140,155,196],"b":[141],"0.061":[143],"(95%":[144],"CI":[145],"[0.026,":[146],"0.097];":[147],"\u0394R2":[148],"0.020),":[150],"inverse":[153],"association":[154,223],"no":[156],"longer":[157],"significant":[158],"beyond":[159],"approximately":[160],"31":[161],"years":[162],"result":[166],"presented":[167],"here":[168],"exploratory":[170],"because":[171],"it":[172],"rests":[173],"partly":[174],"on":[175],"small":[177,194],"number":[178],"older":[180],"students.":[181],"Gender":[182],"marital-status":[184],"interactions":[185,195],"not":[187,226,247],"significant,":[188],"although":[189],"power":[191],"to":[192],"detect":[193],"limited;":[197],"explained":[200],"14%":[202],"21%":[204],"variance.":[207],"Conclusions:":[208],"The":[209],"findings":[210,242],"indicate":[211],"that":[212,224,235],"are":[216,243],"ideation,":[221],"an":[222],"did":[225],"differ":[227],"by":[229],"gender":[230],"or":[231],"status":[233],"appears":[236],"strongest":[237],"emerging":[239],"adulthood.":[240],"These":[241],"do":[246],"establish":[248],"effect;":[251],"assessment":[253],"merits":[256],"further":[257],"university":[260],"mental":[261],"health":[262],"research,":[263],"pending":[264],"validation":[265],"population.":[272]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
