{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204201948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","title":"AI Safety and Functional Safety in Critical Infrastructure: An Integrated Framework Combining IEC 61508 with 5G and LoRa Communication Networks for Civil Protection","display_name":"AI Safety and Functional Safety in Critical Infrastructure: An Integrated Framework Combining IEC 61508 with 5G and LoRa Communication Networks for Civil Protection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204201948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087665","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 30th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110726235","display_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Ady","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-6000","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-6000"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3 Ady","raw_affiliation_strings":["NextTechnologies Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NextTechnologies Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062881350","display_name":"D\u00f6n\u00edz Borsos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-6585","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2678-6585"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u00f6n\u00edz Borsos","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00d3buda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00d3buda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046127518","display_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Schuster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-3670","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-3670"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gy\u00f6rgy Schuster","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00d3buda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00d3buda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000051220","display_name":"P\u00e9ter J\u00e1nos Varga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-7249","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4964-7249"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103356709","display_name":"Obuda University","ror":"https://ror.org/00ax71d21","country_code":"HU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}],"countries":["HU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P\u00e9ter J\u00e1nos Varga","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u00d3buda University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00d3buda University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103356709"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121825230","display_name":"Ivanna Betu\u0161ov\u00e1","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3510-0325","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3510-0325"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183764125","display_name":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","ror":"https://ror.org/05xm08015","country_code":"SK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}],"countries":["SK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivanna Betu\u0161ov\u00e1","raw_affiliation_strings":["Technical University of Ko\u0161ice"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Technical University of Ko\u0161ice","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183764125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024194580","display_name":"D\u00e1niel Tokody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-0434","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9984-0434"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D\u00e1niel Tokody","raw_affiliation_strings":["NextTechnologies Ltd"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NextTechnologies Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"425","last_page":"432"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.5170999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11807","display_name":"Infrastructure Resilience and Vulnerability Analysis","score":0.3131999969482422,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.012600000016391277,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-safety","display_name":"AI safety","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-safety","display_name":"functional safety","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-infrastructure-resilience","display_name":"critical infrastructure resilience","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61508","display_name":"IEC 61508","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5g","display_name":"5G","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lora","display_name":"LoRa","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-protection","display_name":"civil protection","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence-in-cybersecurity","display_name":"artificial intelligence in cybersecurity","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-communication-networks","display_name":"hybrid communication networks","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyberattack-response","display_name":"cyberattack response","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-networks","display_name":"sensor networks","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-integrity-level","display_name":"safety integrity level","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138267214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060017","display_name":"IEC 61508","level":3,"score":0.6638000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148493468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2646951","display_name":"Functional safety","level":2,"score":0.5126000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778717966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4189076","display_name":"Protection mechanism","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2849999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99535591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1817095","display_name":"Interlock","level":2,"score":0.26190000772476196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132835097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663745","display_name":"System safety","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2522999942302704}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087665","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 30th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ines69513.2026.11661216","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087665","display_name":"IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 IEEE 30th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902726161","https://openalex.org/W4321844311","https://openalex.org/W4391623411","https://openalex.org/W4396986096","https://openalex.org/W4399345856","https://openalex.org/W4400209261","https://openalex.org/W4401070377","https://openalex.org/W4406084519","https://openalex.org/W4406106405","https://openalex.org/W4410887722","https://openalex.org/W4412722343"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6941265794","https://openalex.org/W7037841726","https://openalex.org/W6964577844","https://openalex.org/W7102414210","https://openalex.org/W7172485140","https://openalex.org/W7208749570","https://openalex.org/W6922481932","https://openalex.org/W4233705442","https://openalex.org/W7169769925","https://openalex.org/W7203794081"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,48],"increasing":[1],"digitalization":[2],"of":[3],"critical":[4,81],"infrastructure":[5,91],"(CI)":[6],"creates":[7],"hybrid":[8,41,71,132],"threats":[9],"where":[10],"cyberattacks":[11],"cause":[12],"physical":[13],"disasters.":[14],"Traditional":[15],"civil":[16],"protection":[17],"(CP)":[18],"and":[19,40,103,126,134],"IT":[20],"security":[21],"operate":[22],"in":[23,106],"isolation,":[24],"lacking":[25],"integrated":[26],"protocols.":[27],"This":[28],"paper":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,70],"conceptual":[32],"framework":[33,49],"combining":[34],"AI-enabled":[35],"cybersecurity,":[36],"functional":[37,53],"safety":[38,54,63],"standards,":[39],"communication":[42,73],"technologies":[43],"to":[44,57],"increase":[45],"CI":[46],"resilience.":[47],"integrates":[50],"IEC":[51],"61508":[52],"requirements":[55],"extended":[56],"AI-based":[58,93],"systems":[59],"through":[60],"an":[61],"\"AI":[62],"wrapper\"":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"SIL3/4":[67],"experience,":[68],"with":[69,116],"5G-LoRa":[72],"architecture.":[74],"5G":[75],"provides":[76],"low-latency,":[77],"high-bandwidth":[78],"connectivity":[79],"for":[80],"operations,":[82],"while":[83],"LoRa":[84],"enables":[85],"resilient,":[86],"low-power":[87],"sensor":[88],"networks":[89],"during":[90],"failure.":[92],"dynamic":[94],"resilience":[95,136],"metrics":[96],"(Dynamic":[97],"Resilience":[98],"Index)":[99],"predict":[100],"absorption,":[101],"recovery,":[102],"coordination":[104],"capacity":[105],"real":[107],"time.":[108],"Formalized":[109],"cyber-physical":[110],"\"playbooks\"":[111],"link":[112],"technical":[113],"cybersecurity":[114],"alerts":[115],"CP":[117],"response":[118,127],"procedures.":[119],"Expected":[120],"results":[121],"include":[122],"20-30%":[123],"faster":[124],"detection":[125],"times,":[128],"99.9%":[129],"availability":[130],"across":[131],"networks,":[133],"predictive":[135],"analysis.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
