{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204201548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","title":"Device-level comparisons of sensing and stimulation in implantable closed-loop neurostimulation for epilepsy","display_name":"Device-level comparisons of sensing and stimulation in implantable closed-loop neurostimulation for epilepsy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204201548","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42641499"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75519821","display_name":"Neurotherapeutics","issn_l":"1878-7479","issn":["1878-7479","1933-7213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148140124","display_name":"Yanming Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30809798","display_name":"ShanghaiTech University","ror":"https://ror.org/030bhh786","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30809798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center and School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center and School of Biomedical Engineering, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I30809798","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148083227","display_name":"Ope Alabi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ope Alabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033318514","display_name":"Nathaniel D. Sisterson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-4056","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1886-4056"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathanial D. Sisterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031791930","display_name":"Matteo Vissani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7620","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3908-7620"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Vissani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079535367","display_name":"Alan Bush","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-5750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-5750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Bush","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027280943","display_name":"Pranav Nanda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-7540","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6169-7540"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranav Nanda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027666885","display_name":"Robert Mark Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7387","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2620-7387","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-4365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Mark Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mark.richardson@mgh.harvard.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain Modulation Lab, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: mark.richardson@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"apc_paid":{"value":3900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3900},"fwci":4.1552,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95060261,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"e01051","last_page":"e01051"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10094","display_name":"Epilepsy research and treatment","score":0.0949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12580","display_name":"Vagus Nerve Stimulation Research","score":0.051100000739097595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/closed-loop-neurostimulation","display_name":"closed-loop neurostimulation","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epilepsy","display_name":"epilepsy","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistant-epilepsy","display_name":"drug-resistant epilepsy","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/responsive-neurostimulation","display_name":"responsive neurostimulation","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-deep-brain-stimulation","display_name":"adaptive deep brain stimulation","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equipment-comparison","display_name":"device comparison","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"bandwidth","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autonomous-control","display_name":"autonomous control","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seizure-detection","display_name":"seizure detection","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776443511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1724687","display_name":"Neurostimulation","level":3,"score":0.8838000297546387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778186239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41571","display_name":"Epilepsy","level":2,"score":0.7461000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16568411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83042","display_name":"Neurology","level":2,"score":0.6233000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24998067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622","display_name":"Stimulation","level":2,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778542668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618076","display_name":"Deep brain stimulation","level":4,"score":0.489300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12770488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188449","display_name":"Neurosurgery","level":2,"score":0.48809999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780803581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1347108","display_name":"Epilepsy surgery","level":3,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780375056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905905","display_name":"Neuromodulation","level":3,"score":0.36320000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985799443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4955838","display_name":"Brain stimulation","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779889316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q642836","display_name":"Neuroradiology","level":3,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152478114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660910","display_name":"Neurophysiology","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780317758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339235","display_name":"Neurological disorder","level":3,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069279","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistant Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069279","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistant Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004567","descriptor_name":"Electrodes, Implanted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004827","descriptor_name":"Epilepsy","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D046690","descriptor_name":"Deep Brain Stimulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058542","descriptor_name":"Implantable Neurostimulators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D058542","descriptor_name":"Implantable Neurostimulators","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75519821","display_name":"Neurotherapeutics","issn_l":"1878-7479","issn":["1878-7479","1933-7213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42641499","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42641499","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:018cf170dbc04b9eb4b1995b892d031e","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/018cf170dbc04b9eb4b1995b892d031e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics, Vol 23, Iss 4, Pp e01051- (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13527505","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13527505/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurot.2026.e01051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S75519821","display_name":"Neurotherapeutics","issn_l":"1878-7479","issn":["1878-7479","1933-7213"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neurotherapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9074000120162964,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511301388","https://openalex.org/W1533908278","https://openalex.org/W1978747821","https://openalex.org/W1987007963","https://openalex.org/W1989189053","https://openalex.org/W1996935559","https://openalex.org/W2003797096","https://openalex.org/W2009253761","https://openalex.org/W2017583726","https://openalex.org/W2025347688","https://openalex.org/W2029192201","https://openalex.org/W2038291233","https://openalex.org/W2038606869","https://openalex.org/W2041678001","https://openalex.org/W2042728692","https://openalex.org/W2051004303","https://openalex.org/W2059728547","https://openalex.org/W2060583550","https://openalex.org/W2066211612","https://openalex.org/W2079201129","https://openalex.org/W2087909380","https://openalex.org/W2093720978","https://openalex.org/W2094548828","https://openalex.org/W2096688703","https://openalex.org/W2103105094","https://openalex.org/W2111845306","https://openalex.org/W2116532979","https://openalex.org/W2135629133","https://openalex.org/W2140684369","https://openalex.org/W2143685192","https://openalex.org/W2146729611","https://openalex.org/W2155931363","https://openalex.org/W2160326715","https://openalex.org/W2168067596","https://openalex.org/W2416125190","https://openalex.org/W2466713183","https://openalex.org/W2605041831","https://openalex.org/W2759599347","https://openalex.org/W2761386162","https://openalex.org/W2775643054","https://openalex.org/W2780938882","https://openalex.org/W2786828489","https://openalex.org/W2891536546","https://openalex.org/W2899378441","https://openalex.org/W2908226157","https://openalex.org/W2915802812","https://openalex.org/W2915893994","https://openalex.org/W2916426405","https://openalex.org/W2922697111","https://openalex.org/W2940334068","https://openalex.org/W2971589390","https://openalex.org/W3000215627","https://openalex.org/W3044132865","https://openalex.org/W3110494232","https://openalex.org/W3133918036","https://openalex.org/W3137251903","https://openalex.org/W3151064539","https://openalex.org/W3167756567","https://openalex.org/W3181212342","https://openalex.org/W3189371140","https://openalex.org/W3194797072","https://openalex.org/W3208234271","https://openalex.org/W3217346965","https://openalex.org/W4200559892","https://openalex.org/W4206804996","https://openalex.org/W4214763633","https://openalex.org/W4220664250","https://openalex.org/W4220745291","https://openalex.org/W4220787531","https://openalex.org/W4223654216","https://openalex.org/W4224245946","https://openalex.org/W4280587927","https://openalex.org/W4296194733","https://openalex.org/W4318914038","https://openalex.org/W4327577377","https://openalex.org/W4386558706","https://openalex.org/W4390732403","https://openalex.org/W4391646217","https://openalex.org/W4399364619","https://openalex.org/W4401694862","https://openalex.org/W4412345618","https://openalex.org/W4414383586","https://openalex.org/W7155493293","https://openalex.org/W7157671612","https://openalex.org/W7163572043"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Drug-resistant":[0],"epilepsy":[1,245,250],"affects":[2],"roughly":[3],"one-third":[4],"of":[5,97,114,167,179,230],"people":[6],"with":[7,141],"epilepsy,":[8],"and":[9,37,44,49,81,137,150,165,170,218,233,253],"options":[10],"remain":[11],"limited":[12],"for":[13,86,106,119,236],"patients":[14],"whose":[15],"seizures":[16],"arise":[17,188],"from":[18,77,190,195,241],"eloquent":[19],"cortex,":[20],"involve":[21],"multiple":[22],"foci,":[23],"or":[24,222],"persist":[25],"after":[26],"prior":[27],"surgery.":[28],"For":[29],"these":[30],"patients,":[31],"closed-loop":[32,117],"neurostimulation":[33,57],"offers":[34],"a":[35,94,110,176],"nondestructive":[36],"adjustable":[38],"alternative":[39],"that":[40],"detects":[41],"pathological":[42],"activity":[43],"delivers":[45],"stimulation":[46,76,101,191,214],"only":[47,223],"when":[48],"where":[50,255],"it":[51,69],"is":[52,211,216,258],"needed.":[53,260],"The":[54],"NeuroPace":[55,130],"responsive":[56],"(RNS)":[58],"System,":[59],"approved":[60,125],"in":[61,127],"2013,":[62],"remains":[63],"the":[64,72,184,231,237],"most":[65,185],"established":[66],"clinical":[67],"example:":[68],"senses":[70],"at":[71],"therapeutic":[73],"target,":[74],"drives":[75],"biomarkers":[78],"recorded":[79],"there,":[80],"stores":[82],"raw":[83,220],"neural":[84],"signals":[85],"iterative":[87],"programming.":[88],"These":[89],"same":[90],"principles":[91],"increasingly":[92],"define":[93],"newer":[95],"generation":[96],"adaptive":[98],"deep":[99],"brain":[100],"(DBS)":[102],"platforms":[103,144,239],"developed":[104],"largely":[105],"movement":[107],"disorders,":[108],"motivating":[109],"direct,":[111],"device-level":[112],"comparison":[113],"contemporary":[115],"implantable":[116],"systems":[118,126],"epilepsy.":[120],"We":[121],"compare":[122],"four":[123],"clinically":[124],"depth":[128],"(the":[129,145],"RNS,":[131],"Medtronic":[132],"Percept":[133],"PC,":[134],"Newronika":[135],"AlphaDBS,":[136],"PINS":[138],"G106RS)":[139],"together":[140],"three":[142],"investigational":[143],"Picostim-DyNeuMo,":[146],"CorTec":[147],"Brain":[148],"Interchange,":[149],"Cadence":[151],"Neuroscience":[152],"system),":[153],"examining":[154],"sensing":[155,196,203,232],"architecture,":[156],"artifact":[157,215],"management,":[158],"bandwidth,":[159],"onboard":[160],"data":[161],"handling,":[162],"stimulation-source":[163],"design,":[164],"degree":[166],"autonomous":[168],"control,":[169],"summarizing":[171],"their":[172,249],"relative":[173],"capabilities":[174],"across":[175],"common":[177],"set":[178],"scored":[180],"dimensions.":[181],"Across":[182],"platforms,":[183],"consequential":[186],"differences":[187],"less":[189],"parameter":[192],"ranges":[193],"than":[194,244],"design:":[197],"which":[198],"contacts":[199],"can":[200,204],"record,":[201],"whether":[202,219],"continue":[205],"during":[206],"stimulation,":[207],"what":[208],"frequency":[209],"range":[210],"accessible,":[212],"how":[213],"suppressed,":[217],"waveforms":[221],"derived":[224],"features":[225],"are":[226],"retained.":[227],"Because":[228],"much":[229],"adaptive-control":[234],"evidence":[235],"DBS":[238],"derives":[240],"movement-disorder":[242],"rather":[243],"applications,":[246],"we":[247],"interpret":[248],"relevance":[251],"conservatively":[252],"highlight":[254],"epilepsy-specific":[256],"validation":[257],"still":[259]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
