{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204198462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","title":"Small Angle Scattering Techniques on In Situ Adsorption Studies: A Comprehensive Review","display_name":"Small Angle Scattering Techniques on In Situ Adsorption Studies: A Comprehensive Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204198462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42738051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19173614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080534065","display_name":"Ramonna I. Kosheleva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-6115","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9727-6115"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramonna I. Kosheleva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148102564","display_name":"Maria Tsaroucha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Tsaroucha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068081125","display_name":"Ioanna Xylouri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ioanna Xylouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114698456","display_name":"Konstantinos Pavlidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5928-9438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5928-9438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Pavlidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5928-9438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128780908","display_name":"Agni A. Moutzouroglou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Agni A. Moutzouroglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056592978","display_name":"Theodoros Markopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-7129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-7129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Markopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027174002","display_name":"Athanasios C. Mitr\u03bfpoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-8153","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7962-8153"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147962203","display_name":"Democritus University of Thrace","ror":"https://ror.org/03bfqnx40","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Ch. Mitropoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hephaestus Lab, Department of Chemistry, Democritus University of Thrace, St. Lucas, 65404 Kavala, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027174002"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147962203"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53984227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"17","first_page":"3614","last_page":"3614"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10735","display_name":"Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis","score":0.49709999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10735","display_name":"Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis","score":0.49709999561309814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11949","display_name":"Nuclear Physics and Applications","score":0.30570000410079956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13604","display_name":"Adsorption, diffusion, and thermodynamic properties of materials","score":0.07429999858140945,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-small-angle-x-ray-scattering","display_name":"in situ small-angle X-ray scattering","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-kinetics","display_name":"adsorption kinetics","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-intermediates","display_name":"adsorption intermediates","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pore-filling-mechanism","display_name":"pore-filling mechanism","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-materials","display_name":"carbon materials","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mesoporous-ceramics","display_name":"mesoporous ceramics","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-variation","display_name":"contrast variation","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogen-deuterium-substitution","display_name":"hydrogen-deuterium substitution","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adsorption-mechanism","display_name":"adsorption mechanism","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104015590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1451740","display_name":"Neutron scattering","level":3,"score":0.6514000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6492999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150394285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180254","display_name":"Adsorption","level":2,"score":0.536300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131888329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027679","display_name":"Small-angle X-ray scattering","level":3,"score":0.4887000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777822432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216681","display_name":"In situ","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21368211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689863","display_name":"Synchrotron","level":2,"score":0.45649999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.44859999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.44279998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132841051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4165337","display_name":"Small-angle neutron scattering","level":4,"score":0.40619999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73585123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910499","display_name":"Neutron diffraction","level":3,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521977710","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81163","display_name":"Polymer","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48620588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902144","display_name":"Soft matter","level":3,"score":0.3416000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112416005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7542589","display_name":"Small-angle scattering","level":3,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45206210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2415817","display_name":"Nanoscopic scale","level":2,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82776694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380049","display_name":"Mesoporous material","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152568617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2348","display_name":"Neutron","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.250900000333786}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19173614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42738051","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42738051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13566843","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13566843/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Materials (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19173614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":267,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27146898","https://openalex.org/W106209441","https://openalex.org/W137157783","https://openalex.org/W202121030","https://openalex.org/W205097197","https://openalex.org/W234432302","https://openalex.org/W655803877","https://openalex.org/W807959067","https://openalex.org/W1508900415","https://openalex.org/W1564752539","https://openalex.org/W1600641482","https://openalex.org/W1687369309","https://openalex.org/W1710024274","https://openalex.org/W1809690309","https://openalex.org/W1965949607","https://openalex.org/W1966467694","https://openalex.org/W1967401824","https://openalex.org/W1967411920","https://openalex.org/W1968099746","https://openalex.org/W1969534138","https://openalex.org/W1979197017","https://openalex.org/W1982325468","https://openalex.org/W1982641846","https://openalex.org/W1983777019","https://openalex.org/W1989507125","https://openalex.org/W1995490055","https://openalex.org/W1999751296","https://openalex.org/W2008309511","https://openalex.org/W2011576576","https://openalex.org/W2016985104","https://openalex.org/W2017384874","https://openalex.org/W2036256474","https://openalex.org/W2038088880","https://openalex.org/W2044773401","https://openalex.org/W2046427711","https://openalex.org/W2051421776","https://openalex.org/W2071184233","https://openalex.org/W2075261574","https://openalex.org/W2076460918","https://openalex.org/W2083735851","https://openalex.org/W2084981362","https://openalex.org/W2085813764","https://openalex.org/W2088565958","https://openalex.org/W2096203763","https://openalex.org/W2108329565","https://openalex.org/W2131074597","https://openalex.org/W2138340750","https://openalex.org/W2156566167","https://openalex.org/W2167232736","https://openalex.org/W2168201480","https://openalex.org/W2170146374","https://openalex.org/W2202064478","https://openalex.org/W2272114289","https://openalex.org/W2281715687","https://openalex.org/W2300927318","https://openalex.org/W2302202742","https://openalex.org/W2316540796","https://openalex.org/W2476952937","https://openalex.org/W2478510443","https://openalex.org/W2498794773","https://openalex.org/W2500588464","https://openalex.org/W2504877315","https://openalex.org/W2513365633","https://openalex.org/W2585071952","https://openalex.org/W2594064548","https://openalex.org/W2594722474","https://openalex.org/W2595341060","https://openalex.org/W2618997670","https://openalex.org/W2742864484","https://openalex.org/W2744067308","https://openalex.org/W2768608837","https://openalex.org/W2800406833","https://openalex.org/W2803401900","https://openalex.org/W2804283532","https://openalex.org/W2805205204","https://openalex.org/W2810330138","https://openalex.org/W2883988689","https://openalex.org/W2884430236","https://openalex.org/W2885969730","https://openalex.org/W2892079073","https://openalex.org/W2899769616","https://openalex.org/W2901271587","https://openalex.org/W2902697313","https://openalex.org/W2907218056","https://openalex.org/W2909833871","https://openalex.org/W2955387710","https://openalex.org/W2969814388","https://openalex.org/W2970401986","https://openalex.org/W3003233011","https://openalex.org/W3007807826","https://openalex.org/W3008213669","https://openalex.org/W3022746541","https://openalex.org/W3036815636","https://openalex.org/W3038533810","https://openalex.org/W3041338801","https://openalex.org/W3048377608","https://openalex.org/W3094818450","https://openalex.org/W3109600672","https://openalex.org/W3126879427","https://openalex.org/W3127841176","https://openalex.org/W3129115975","https://openalex.org/W3169394269","https://openalex.org/W3169844850","https://openalex.org/W3182497841","https://openalex.org/W3190325586","https://openalex.org/W3191940321","https://openalex.org/W3195897574","https://openalex.org/W3196390181","https://openalex.org/W3196567562","https://openalex.org/W3198879145","https://openalex.org/W3198902581","https://openalex.org/W3199814264","https://openalex.org/W3200566824","https://openalex.org/W3207957853","https://openalex.org/W3212400300","https://openalex.org/W3214547712","https://openalex.org/W3215176012","https://openalex.org/W3216835835","https://openalex.org/W4200084933","https://openalex.org/W4200154030","https://openalex.org/W4200261349","https://openalex.org/W4206013084","https://openalex.org/W4214663543","https://openalex.org/W4214837388","https://openalex.org/W4223456432","https://openalex.org/W4223534789","https://openalex.org/W4223580805","https://openalex.org/W4225102325","https://openalex.org/W4240921678","https://openalex.org/W4251123618","https://openalex.org/W4253992819","https://openalex.org/W4285058989","https://openalex.org/W4285733140","https://openalex.org/W4285801397","https://openalex.org/W4289755598","https://openalex.org/W4296101516","https://openalex.org/W4296554006","https://openalex.org/W4296644411","https://openalex.org/W4297370886","https://openalex.org/W4311648962","https://openalex.org/W4311764052","https://openalex.org/W4312725013","https://openalex.org/W4320000498","https://openalex.org/W4321612327","https://openalex.org/W4323922877","https://openalex.org/W4324311530","https://openalex.org/W4327718165","https://openalex.org/W4362529013","https://openalex.org/W4366824890","https://openalex.org/W4367318748","https://openalex.org/W4367396488","https://openalex.org/W4377563849","https://openalex.org/W4378550273","https://openalex.org/W4378718050","https://openalex.org/W4379209614","https://openalex.org/W4379389350","https://openalex.org/W4379981966","https://openalex.org/W4383497929","https://openalex.org/W4385772911","https://openalex.org/W4386084055","https://openalex.org/W4386142773","https://openalex.org/W4386881918","https://openalex.org/W4386975603","https://openalex.org/W4387330719","https://openalex.org/W4387623242","https://openalex.org/W4387696058","https://openalex.org/W4388036725","https://openalex.org/W4388289121","https://openalex.org/W4388773987","https://openalex.org/W4390619935","https://openalex.org/W4390629562","https://openalex.org/W4390781863","https://openalex.org/W4390946625","https://openalex.org/W4391281487","https://openalex.org/W4391461234","https://openalex.org/W4391609494","https://openalex.org/W4391898020","https://openalex.org/W4392382270","https://openalex.org/W4393114248","https://openalex.org/W4393946608","https://openalex.org/W4394935592","https://openalex.org/W4396957900","https://openalex.org/W4399199930","https://openalex.org/W4399209145","https://openalex.org/W4399886240","https://openalex.org/W4401058775","https://openalex.org/W4401389328","https://openalex.org/W4401428625","https://openalex.org/W4402511538","https://openalex.org/W4402779087","https://openalex.org/W4402814000","https://openalex.org/W4402838070","https://openalex.org/W4403524434","https://openalex.org/W4403526323","https://openalex.org/W4404723389","https://openalex.org/W4404961380","https://openalex.org/W4405011660","https://openalex.org/W4405439094","https://openalex.org/W4405896443","https://openalex.org/W4406069668","https://openalex.org/W4406122169","https://openalex.org/W4406606428","https://openalex.org/W4407174532","https://openalex.org/W4407448205","https://openalex.org/W4407692623","https://openalex.org/W4408163489","https://openalex.org/W4408223956","https://openalex.org/W4408489016","https://openalex.org/W4408520613","https://openalex.org/W4409316122","https://openalex.org/W4409359254","https://openalex.org/W4410010628","https://openalex.org/W4410019937","https://openalex.org/W4410108179","https://openalex.org/W4410190001","https://openalex.org/W4410349696","https://openalex.org/W4410711729","https://openalex.org/W4410726845","https://openalex.org/W4410771538","https://openalex.org/W4411347713","https://openalex.org/W4411361534","https://openalex.org/W4411558211","https://openalex.org/W4411825663","https://openalex.org/W4411951552","https://openalex.org/W4412059799","https://openalex.org/W4412548963","https://openalex.org/W4412713748","https://openalex.org/W4412902743","https://openalex.org/W4413031334","https://openalex.org/W4413120000","https://openalex.org/W4413406803","https://openalex.org/W4413449327","https://openalex.org/W4413512411","https://openalex.org/W4413774669","https://openalex.org/W4413781931","https://openalex.org/W4413991202","https://openalex.org/W4414406790","https://openalex.org/W4414408330","https://openalex.org/W4414434096","https://openalex.org/W4414656799","https://openalex.org/W4414673379","https://openalex.org/W4415120176","https://openalex.org/W4415170396","https://openalex.org/W4415301346","https://openalex.org/W4416299721","https://openalex.org/W4416395646","https://openalex.org/W4416405136","https://openalex.org/W4416716126","https://openalex.org/W4416938183","https://openalex.org/W4417179612","https://openalex.org/W7087160919","https://openalex.org/W7117360370","https://openalex.org/W7118381967","https://openalex.org/W7127451648","https://openalex.org/W7127923825","https://openalex.org/W7128716671","https://openalex.org/W7128735579","https://openalex.org/W7129299369","https://openalex.org/W7130681438","https://openalex.org/W7131359630","https://openalex.org/W7133348996","https://openalex.org/W7134059503","https://openalex.org/W7134830491","https://openalex.org/W7140236649","https://openalex.org/W7143353528","https://openalex.org/W7151006593","https://openalex.org/W7152726107"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"situ":[1,28,60,263],"and":[2,6,10,47,53,78,118,129,191,220,229,237,253,258,264],"operando":[3,265],"small-angle":[4],"X-ray":[5],"neutron":[7,120],"scattering":[8,176,215],"(SAXS":[9],"SANS)":[11],"have":[12],"become":[13],"powerful":[14],"techniques":[15,39,225],"for":[16,261],"studying":[17,107],"adsorption":[18,69,74,90,269],"processes":[19],"because":[20],"they":[21,71],"provide":[22],"real-time":[23],"information":[24],"that":[25],"traditional":[26],"ex":[27],"methods":[29,61],"cannot":[30],"capture.":[31],"This":[32],"review":[33,242],"examines":[34],"the":[35,192,221],"use":[36],"of":[37,150,175,195,223],"these":[38,167,224],"in":[40,59,103,111,134,137,153,179,188,262,268],"four":[41],"major":[42],"material":[43],"groups:":[44],"soft":[45],"matter":[46],"polymers,":[48],"carbon-based":[49],"materials,":[50],"biological":[51],"systems":[52],"ceramics.":[54],"Unlike":[55],"conventional":[56],"before-and-after":[57],"characterization,":[58],"allow":[62],"researchers":[63],"to":[64,93,202,226],"follow":[65],"structural":[66,86,101,182,248],"changes":[67,125,183,249],"during":[68,105],"as":[70,233],"happen,":[72],"revealing":[73],"kinetics,":[75],"intermediate":[76],"states":[77],"pore-filling":[79],"mechanisms.":[80],"Operando":[81],"approaches":[82,213],"further":[83],"connect":[84],"nanoscale":[85],"evolution":[87],"with":[88,162,216],"overall":[89],"performance,":[91],"leading":[92],"deeper":[94],"mechanistic":[95],"understanding.":[96],"Important":[97],"developments":[98],"include":[99],"monitoring":[100],"rearrangements":[102],"polymers":[104],"adsorption,":[106],"sodium":[108],"storage":[109],"mechanisms":[110],"hard":[112],"carbon":[113],"anodes":[114],"using":[115],"combined":[116],"small-":[117],"wide-angle":[119],"scattering,":[121],"observing":[122],"protein":[123],"conformational":[124],"at":[126],"hydrated":[127],"interfaces,":[128],"identifying":[130],"organic":[131],"functional":[132],"groups":[133],"mesoporous":[135],"ceramics":[136],"real":[138,181],"time.":[139],"SANS":[140],"contrast":[141,206],"variation,":[142],"especially":[143],"through":[144],"hydrogen/deuterium":[145],"substitution,":[146],"allows":[147],"selective":[148],"visualization":[149],"different":[151,251],"components":[152],"complex":[154,228],"systems,":[155],"while":[156],"synchrotron":[157],"SAXS":[158],"enables":[159],"kinetic":[160],"studies":[161,267],"millisecond":[163],"time":[164],"resolution.":[165],"Despite":[166],"advantages,":[168],"several":[169],"challenges":[170],"remain,":[171],"including":[172],"model-dependent":[173],"interpretation":[174],"data,":[177],"difficulties":[178],"separating":[180],"from":[184],"contrast-related":[185],"artifacts,":[186],"limitations":[187,257],"accessible":[189],"timescales":[190],"technical":[193],"complexity":[194],"isotopic":[196],"labeling.":[197],"Future":[198],"research":[199],"is":[200],"expected":[201],"focus":[203],"on":[204],"improved":[205],"methods,":[207],"machine":[208],"learning-assisted":[209],"data":[210],"analysis,":[211],"multimodal":[212],"combining":[214],"spectroscopy":[217],"or":[218],"microscopy":[219],"application":[222],"more":[227],"disordered":[230],"adsorbents":[231],"such":[232],"activated":[234],"carbons,":[235],"coals":[236],"bio-based":[238],"materials.":[239],"Overall,":[240],"this":[241],"summarizes":[243],"current":[244,256],"methodologies,":[245],"compares":[246],"adsorption-related":[247],"across":[250],"materials":[252],"highlights":[254],"both":[255],"future":[259],"opportunities":[260],"SAS":[266],"research.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}