{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204198238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22346","title":"Multimodal examination answer data with expert-designed Outcome-Based Education rubrics for criterion-level assessment","display_name":"Multimodal examination answer data with expert-designed Outcome-Based Education rubrics for criterion-level assessment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204198238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22346","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"data-paper","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22346","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147889437","display_name":"Jahangir Alam SM","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-1495","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3930-1495"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SM, Jahangir Alam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5141279272","display_name":"Md Khalid Syfullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syfullah, Md Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148084168","display_name":"Saad Ahmed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed, Saad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060053063","display_name":"Munira Akter Mou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mou, Munira Akter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148048882","display_name":"A K Z Rasel Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahman, A K Z Rasel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148097575","display_name":"A. K. M. Masudur Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4403386503","display_name":"Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xqgpg43","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahman, A. K. M. Masudur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) , Bangladesh Army University of Science and Technology (BAUST) , Saidpur , Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4403386503"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051445757","display_name":"Mohammed Sowket Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali, Mohammed Sowket","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.1720000058412552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10959","display_name":"Student Assessment and Feedback","score":0.04830000177025795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome-based-education","display_name":"outcome-based education","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rubrics","display_name":"rubrics","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automated-essay-scoring","display_name":"automated essay scoring","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-document-understanding","display_name":"multimodal document understanding","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-variability","display_name":"handwriting variation","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/score-prediction","display_name":"score prediction","score":0.4880000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.9713000059127808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777286243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5591926","display_name":"Grading (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6717000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.5166000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4154999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.3621000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.353300005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.35019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199521495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487","display_name":"Audit","level":2,"score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22156102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5341294","display_name":"Educational measurement","level":3,"score":0.287200003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22346","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.22346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22346","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22346","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22346","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22346","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22346","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204198238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204198238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214642985","https://openalex.org/W7158605637","https://openalex.org/W7204276279","https://openalex.org/W1938052566","https://openalex.org/W7129274369","https://openalex.org/W7129776004","https://openalex.org/W7166864606","https://openalex.org/W7161416156","https://openalex.org/W2604130106","https://openalex.org/W4414855121"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"data":[1,177],"article":[2],"describes":[3],"a":[4,51,55,70],"multimodal":[5,183],"collection":[6,20],"of":[7],"scanned":[8,52],"examination":[9,37],"answers":[10],"paired":[11],"with":[12],"expert-designed":[13],"Outcome-Based":[14],"Education":[15],"(OBE)":[16],"grading":[17],"metadata.":[18],"The":[19,73,81,176],"contains":[21],"485":[22,153,156],"answer":[23],"submissions":[24],"from":[25,204],"415":[26],"consenting":[27],"students":[28],"at":[29],"four":[30],"academic":[31,85],"institutions.":[32],"Eight":[33],"faculty":[34],"contributors":[35],"supplied":[36],"materials":[38],"covering":[39],"nine":[40],"subjects":[41],"and":[42,69,96,101,111,119,128,136,145,165,169,190,201],"12":[43,74],"distinct":[44],"question":[45],"templates.":[46],"Each":[47],"answer-level":[48,150],"item":[49],"links":[50],"PDF":[53,158],"to":[54,198],"randomized":[56],"identifier,":[57],"subject":[58],"label,":[59],"question,":[60],"model":[61],"answer,":[62],"criterion":[63,67],"definitions,":[64],"performance-level":[65],"descriptions,":[66],"marks,":[68],"total":[71,163],"mark.":[72],"rubrics":[75],"contain":[76],"47":[77],"criteria":[78],"in":[79,106],"total.":[80],"scans":[82],"retain":[83],"realistic":[84],"content,":[86],"including":[87],"handwriting,":[88,114],"printed":[89],"text,":[90],"equations,":[91],"tables,":[92],"code,":[93],"figures,":[94],"sketches,":[95],"diagrams.":[97],"CamScanner,":[98],"Adobe":[99],"Scan,":[100],"conventional":[102],"scanners":[103],"contributed":[104],"variation":[105],"illumination,":[107],"contrast,":[108],"orientation,":[109],"compression,":[110],"resolution.":[112],"Diverse":[113],"crossed-out":[115],"work,":[116],"revised":[117],"calculations,":[118],"inserted":[120],"corrections":[121],"add":[122],"further":[123],"visual":[124],"variability":[125],"for":[126],"robustness":[127],"generalization":[129],"studies.":[130],"Preparation":[131],"involved":[132],"heterogeneous-source":[133],"consolidation,":[134],"label":[135],"text":[137],"standardization,":[138],"score":[139,188],"validation,":[140],"identifier":[141],"randomization,":[142,144],"filename":[143],"JSON-to-PDF":[146],"integrity":[147],"checks.":[148],"An":[149],"audit":[151],"confirmed":[152],"unique":[154,157],"identifiers,":[155],"filenames,":[159],"agreement":[160],"between":[161],"each":[162],"mark":[164],"its":[166],"criterion-mark":[167],"sum,":[168],"scores":[170],"within":[171],"the":[172,205],"applicable":[173],"rubric":[174],"maximum.":[175],"can":[178],"support":[179],"rubric-aware":[180],"automated":[181],"evaluation,":[182],"document":[184],"understanding,":[185],"criterion-level":[186],"feedback,":[187],"prediction,":[189],"privacy-aware":[191],"OBE":[192],"assessment":[193],"research.":[194],"Access":[195],"is":[196,202],"restricted":[197],"research":[199],"use":[200],"available":[203],"corresponding":[206],"author":[207],"upon":[208],"reasonable":[209],"request.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}