{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204197342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","title":"Keyora Antarctic Krill Oil EP-5: The EPA-DHA-DPA Architecture of Phospholipid Omega-3: Beyond EPA + DHA Metrics Toward Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Identity, Metabolic Connectivity, and Evidence-Governed Interpretation","display_name":"Keyora Antarctic Krill Oil EP-5: The EPA-DHA-DPA Architecture of Phospholipid Omega-3: Beyond EPA + DHA Metrics Toward Long-Chain n-3 Fatty Acid Identity, Metabolic Connectivity, and Evidence-Governed Interpretation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204197342","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22094633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109133097","display_name":"Xu Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5798-1996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5798-1996"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xu, Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Keyora NZ Ltd"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5798-1996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Keyora NZ Ltd","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109133097"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66898923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10387","display_name":"Fatty Acid Research and Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10909","display_name":"Edible Oils Quality and Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-fatty-acids","display_name":"omega-3 fatty acids","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epa","display_name":"EPA","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosahexaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosahexaenoic acid","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/docosapentaenoic-acid","display_name":"docosapentaenoic acid","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/krill-oil","display_name":"krill oil","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-composition","display_name":"fatty acid composition","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatty-acid-metabolism","display_name":"fatty acid metabolism","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-supplementation","display_name":"dietary supplementation","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance-of-evidence","display_name":"relevance of evidence","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17177300","display_name":"Docosapentaenoic acid","level":5,"score":0.6481000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778918659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186915","display_name":"Phospholipid","level":3,"score":0.6328999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777171753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423345","display_name":"Docosahexaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.6003999710083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543025807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61476","display_name":"Fatty acid","level":2,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19038510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005087","display_name":"Polyunsaturated fatty acid","level":3,"score":0.49790000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4106999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4027000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.38580000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779946292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786125","display_name":"Fish oil","level":3,"score":0.3792000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777492549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29498","display_name":"Krill","level":2,"score":0.3531999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776091944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409990","display_name":"Eicosapentaenoic acid","level":4,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40231798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743","display_name":"Composition (language)","level":2,"score":0.2840000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.2721000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58017582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6556376","display_name":"Lipidomics","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192989942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68685","display_name":"Metabolic pathway","level":3,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4679612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q866298","display_name":"Aggregate (composite)","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2533999979496002}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22094633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22094634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.22094633","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22094633","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4724191129207611,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Omega-3":[1,103,157,164,216,251,256,313,324,403,575,692,696,825,922,927,937,961,1053,1060],"fatty":[2,71,117,233,329,387,600,733,883],"acids":[3,118,234,330,734],"represent":[4,62,939],"one":[5],"of":[6,31,66,102,151,155,181,215,306,374,410,618,647,778,949,1051],"the":[7,21,32,94,135,149,152,320,368,371,375,378,382,401,428,589,648,661,788,796,947,950,984,1045],"most":[8],"extensively":[9],"studied":[10],"nutritional":[11],"lipid":[12,706,729,749],"categories,":[13],"with":[14,138,740,1044,1062],"EPA":[15,33,59,110,168,209,274,278,307,315,349,390,396,578,611,804,906,968,1015],"and":[16,45,60,84,134,222,265,335,416,424,476,493,544,579,634,700,721,893,980,1038,1068],"DHA":[17,35,61,170,211,223,276,280,309,317,351,392,398,417,425,494,510,545,580,613,668,808,970,981,1017],"traditionally":[18],"serving":[19],"as":[20,158,226,310,418,518,549,751,759],"dominant":[22,321],"quantitative":[23,684],"markers":[24],"for":[25,42,161,323,557,870,1057],"supplementation":[26,86,582,864,910],"evaluation.":[27,172],"The":[28,201,268,286,304,487,500,560,616,627,652,656,708,781,1006,1022,1048],"widespread":[29],"use":[30],"+":[34,111,169,210,275,279,308,316,350,391,397,612,667,969,1016],"metric":[36],"has":[37,318],"provided":[38],"a":[39,67,99,159,184,282,293,298,311,505,519,570,596,644,704,752,760,834,932,966,1055],"practical":[40,284],"method":[41],"comparing":[43],"products":[44],"estimating":[46],"long-chain":[47,69,189,300,430,649,798,986,1028],"omega-3":[48,190,438,799],"exposure.":[49,805,809,813],"However,":[50,340,442,511],"this":[51,512,766,1019],"simplified":[52,294,967],"approach":[53,680],"creates":[54,595,997],"an":[55,89,212,974],"important":[56,640],"interpretive":[57],"limitation.":[58],"only":[63,610],"two":[64,328,356,712],"members":[65],"broader":[68,590,705],"n-3":[70,301,431,650,987,1029],"acid":[72,75,601,884],"family.":[73,433],"Docosapentaenoic":[74],"(DPA),":[76],"although":[77],"less":[78],"frequently":[79,586],"emphasized":[80],"in":[81,573,1034],"consumer":[82],"labeling":[83],"conventional":[85,501],"discussions,":[87,583],"represents":[88,795,803,807,811],"independent":[90],"molecular":[91,123,194,228,474,485,636,689,890,992,1001,1064],"entity":[92],"within":[93,496,703],"same":[95,429,985],"biological":[96,345,472,753,790,941,998],"network.":[97],"Therefore,":[98,540],"complete":[100,299,402,406,635,1024],"interpretation":[101,291,407,662,709,962],"composition":[104,165,191,632,1061],"requires":[105,114,408,711,885,945],"more":[106,933,1023],"than":[107,197,554],"measuring":[108],"total":[109,250,348,824],"DHA.":[112],"It":[113],"understanding:":[115],"which":[116],"are":[119,231,723,731],"present;":[120,367],"their":[121,125,128,131],"individual":[122,411],"identities;":[124],"relative":[126],"proportions;":[127],"metabolic":[129,237,379,440,470,480,498,535,995],"relationships;":[130],"structural":[132,372,467,761],"context;":[133,380],"evidence":[136,266,845,886,1069],"associated":[137],"each":[139,558],"specific":[140,918],"fatty-acid":[141,244,358,376,412,432,770,800,853,951,1030],"object.":[142,791],"Keyora":[143,177,564,742,954],"Antarctic":[144,743,955],"Krill":[145,744,956],"Oil":[146,745,957],"EP-5":[147,739,764,779,958],"introduces":[148],"concept":[150],"EPA-DHA-DPA":[153,179,653,657,836,975,1049],"Architecture":[154,180,654,658,1050],"Phospholipid":[156,182,691,1052],"framework":[160,185,202,767,897,1056],"interpreting":[162,1058],"marine":[163,1059],"beyond":[166,249,965],"traditional":[167,574],"quantity-based":[171],"Objective":[173],"This":[174,594,679,736,896],"article":[175],"develops":[176],"[The":[178,565],"Omega-3],":[183],"designed":[186],"to":[187,193,261,272,289,427,623,769,787,830,888,905,983],"reconstruct":[188],"according":[192,260,527,850],"identity":[195],"rather":[196,553],"aggregate":[198,797],"numerical":[199],"representation.":[200],"addresses":[203,569],"five":[204],"major":[205,357,571,776],"questions:":[206,714],"Why":[207,218,242],"is":[208,270,288,366,393,399,585,603,614,621,826,902,911,1009,1032],"incomplete":[213,912],"representation":[214],"architecture?":[217],"should":[219,254,514,546,846,963],"EPA,":[220,414,422,491,542,698,719,978],"DPA,":[221,415,423,492,543,979],"be":[224,258,516,547,785,817,848],"interpreted":[225,517,849],"separate":[227],"entities?":[229],"How":[230,253,717],"these":[232,327,386,732],"connected":[235,497],"through":[236],"pathways":[238],"while":[239],"remaining":[240],"non-interchangeable?":[241],"does":[243,361,482,681,877,898,1018,1040],"architecture":[245,302,384,758,839,948,976,1031,1042],"provide":[246],"additional":[247],"information":[248,354],"quantity?":[252],"phospholipid":[255,695,757,921],"preparations":[257],"evaluated":[259,548],"composition,":[262],"dose":[263],"object,":[264],"relevance?":[267],"objective":[269,287],"not":[271,362,400,483,515,622,682,827,878,899],"replace":[273],"measurement.":[277,685],"remains":[281],"valuable":[283],"metric.":[285],"expand":[290],"from":[292,862],"quantity":[295,971],"model":[296,659,972],"toward":[297,973],"model.":[303,977],"Limitation":[305],"Complete":[312,943],"Metric":[314],"become":[319],"shorthand":[322,341],"evaluation":[325,944],"because":[326,641],"have":[331],"substantial":[332],"scientific":[333,1007],"recognition":[334,620],"extensive":[336],"clinical":[337,880,919],"research":[338,477],"backgrounds.":[339],"metrics":[342],"inevitably":[343],"compress":[344],"information.":[346],"A":[347,405,599,775,820],"value":[352],"provides":[353,1054],"about":[355],"components":[359],"but":[360,989],"reveal:":[363],"whether":[364],"DPA":[365,561,566,584,619,638,701,722,812,874,901,915],"EPA:DHA:DPA":[369],"distribution;":[370,473],"organization":[373],"profile;":[377],"or":[381,907,913],"preparation":[383,1036],"delivering":[385],"acids.":[388],"Therefore:":[389,479],"useful.":[394],"But":[395],"identity.":[404,891],"restoration":[409],"visibility.":[413],"Distinct":[419],"Molecular":[420],"Objects":[421],"belong":[426,982],"They":[434],"share:":[435],"carbon-chain":[436],"characteristics;":[437],"classification;":[439],"relationships.":[441,999],"they":[443],"remain":[444,990],"chemically":[445,604],"distinct":[446,605,991],"molecules.":[447],"EPA:":[448,802],"20":[449],"carbons;":[450,456,462],"5":[451,457],"double":[452,458,464],"bonds.":[453,459,465],"DPA:":[454,810],"22":[455,461],"DHA:":[460,806],"6":[463],"These":[466,814],"differences":[468,1002],"influence:":[469],"conversion;":[471],"interactions;":[475],"interpretation.":[478,576],"connection":[481],"mean":[484],"equivalence.":[486],"EPA-DPA-DHA":[488],"Metabolic":[489],"Continuum":[490],"participate":[495],"pathways.":[499],"biosynthetic":[502],"pathway":[503,513],"describes":[504],"relationship:":[506],"ALA\u2192":[507],"EPA\u2192":[508],"DPA\u2192":[509],"simple":[520],"linear":[521],"replacement":[522],"system.":[523],"Conversion":[524],"efficiency":[525],"varies":[526],"to:":[528,851],"enzyme":[529],"activity;":[530],"tissue":[531],"requirements;":[532],"dietary":[533,541],"exposure;":[534],"conditions;":[536],"age;":[537],"physiological":[538],"state.":[539],"individually":[550],"delivered":[551],"molecules":[552,938],"assumed":[555],"substitutes":[556],"other.":[559],"Recognition":[562,567],"Gate":[563],"Gate]":[568],"limitation":[572],"Because":[577],"dominate":[581],"absorbed":[587],"into":[588],"\u201cOmega-3":[591],"total\u201d":[592],"category.":[593],"visibility":[597],"problem.":[598],"that":[602,960,1041],"may":[606],"disappear":[607],"analytically":[608],"when":[609],"considered.":[615],"purpose":[617,628],"claim":[624],"universal":[625],"superiority.":[626,881],"is:":[629,780],"measurement":[630],"accuracy;":[631],"transparency;":[633],"identification.":[637],"becomes":[639],"it":[642,687,930],"restores":[643],"missing":[645],"component":[646],"architecture.":[651,707],"Model":[655],"changes":[660],"sequence.":[663],"Traditional:":[664],"Total":[665,671,793],"Omega-3\u2193EPA":[666,672],"amount":[669],"Expanded:":[670],"identity+DPA":[673],"identity+DHA":[674],"identity\u2193Relative":[675],"architecture\u2193Metabolic":[676],"interpretation\u2193Evidence":[677],"matching":[678],"reject":[683],"Instead,":[686,929],"adds":[688],"resolution.":[690],"Context":[693],"Within":[694,727],"systems,":[697],"DHA,":[699,720],"exist":[702],"therefore":[710,1010],"simultaneous":[713],"Fatty-acid":[715],"question:":[716,726],"much":[718,1014],"delivered?":[724,735],"Structural":[725],"what":[728,1035],"environment":[730],"distinction":[737],"connects":[738],"previous":[741],"frameworks.":[746],"EP-2":[747],"established":[748,756],"form":[750],"variable.":[754],"EP-3":[755],"membrane":[762],"concept.":[763],"applies":[765],"specifically":[768],"composition.":[771],"Dose":[772],"Object":[773],"Interpretation":[774,842],"principle":[777],"measured":[782],"number":[783],"must":[784],"linked":[786],"correct":[789],"Examples:":[792],"Omega-3:":[794],"amount.":[801],"objects":[815],"cannot":[816,865],"freely":[818],"substituted.":[819],"product":[821,832,1020],"containing":[822,833],"higher":[823],"automatically":[828,866,916,923],"equivalent":[829],"another":[831],"different":[835,940],"distribution.":[837],"Composition":[838],"matters.":[840],"Evidence":[841,860],"Framework":[843],"Human":[844],"always":[847],"exact":[852],"composition;":[854],"preparation;":[855],"dose;":[856],"duration;":[857],"population;":[858],"endpoint.":[859],"generated":[861],"EPA+DHA":[863,909],"establish":[867,879],"identical":[868],"conclusions":[869],"DPA-containing":[871],"preparations.":[872],"Likewise,":[873],"presence":[875],"alone":[876],"Each":[882],"matched":[887],"its":[889],"Clinical":[892],"Nutritional":[894],"Boundaries":[895],"claim:":[900],"universally":[903],"superior":[904],"DHA;":[908],"ineffective;":[914],"produces":[917],"outcomes;":[920],"outperforms":[924],"all":[925],"other":[926],"forms.":[928],"establishes":[931,959],"precise":[934],"interpretation:":[935],"Different":[936],"objects.":[942],"recognizing":[946],"profile.":[952],"Conclusion":[953],"move":[964],"family":[988],"entities.":[993],"Their":[994,1000],"connectivity":[996],"create":[1003],"functional":[1004],"individuality.":[1005],"question":[1008,1025],"no":[1011],"longer:":[1012],"\u201cHow":[1013],"contain?\u201d":[1021],"becomes:":[1026],"\u201cWhat":[1027],"delivered,":[1033],"context,":[1037],"how":[1039],"correspond":[1043],"available":[1046],"evidence?\u201d":[1047],"greater":[1063],"precision,":[1065],"analytical":[1066],"transparency,":[1067],"alignment.":[1070]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-07T09:51:55.459714","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}