{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204194307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625","title":"Simulation and Experimental Study on the Effect of Differential Speed Rolling on Microstructure of AH36 Marine Steel During Asymmetric Rolling","display_name":"Simulation and Experimental Study on the Effect of Differential Speed Rolling on Microstructure of AH36 Marine Steel During Asymmetric Rolling","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204194307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.70625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148101846","display_name":"Guangxiao Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxiao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148049178","display_name":"Xianghan Kong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094030","display_name":"Ansteel (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sgtyj59","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094030"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghan Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","Wire Rod Plant of Angang Steel Company Limited  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wire Rod Plant of Angang Steel Company Limited  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094030"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148099758","display_name":"Qin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4148-0506","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4148-0506"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4148-0506","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096573438","display_name":"K.S. Gorbunov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-766X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-766X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089287","display_name":"Lipetsk State Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/006fh5g40","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089287"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gorbunov Kirill Sergeevich","raw_affiliation_strings":["Belt and Road China\u2010Russia Joint Laboratory for Metallurgical Solid Waste Recycling  Anshan Liaoning China","Department of Metal Forming Metallurgical Institute Lipetsk State Technical University  Lipetsk Lipetskaya Oblast Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5965-766X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Belt and Road China\u2010Russia Joint Laboratory for Metallurgical Solid Waste Recycling  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Metal Forming Metallurgical Institute Lipetsk State Technical University  Lipetsk Lipetskaya Oblast Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089287"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5134093873","display_name":"Rui Guan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4826-5553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4826-5553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rui Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4826-5553","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028450093","display_name":"\u827e\u65b0\u6e2f","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingang Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429152","display_name":"Shengli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6560-6834","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2757-9644"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114117164","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Liaoning","ror":"https://ror.org/03grx7119","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Materials and Metallurgy University of Science and Technology Liaoning  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Key Laboratory of Material Forming and Structure Property Control  Anshan Liaoning China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148172231","display_name":"Xuefei Lv","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuefei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongbei Special Steel Group Co. Ltd.  Dalian China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbei Special Steel Group Co. Ltd.  Dalian China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148113630","display_name":"Jie Cong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Cong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongbei Special Steel Group Co. Ltd.  Dalian China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongbei Special Steel Group Co. Ltd.  Dalian China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102475243","display_name":"Haicun Yu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22716506","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03panb555","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haicun Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Metallurgy and Environment Lanzhou University of Technology  Lanzhou China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Metallurgy and Environment Lanzhou University of Technology  Lanzhou China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22716506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5134093873"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114117164"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10204","display_name":"Microstructure and mechanical properties","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-speed-rolling","display_name":"differential speed rolling","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asymmetric-rolling","display_name":"asymmetric rolling","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speed-ratio","display_name":"velocity ratio","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-recrystallization","display_name":"dynamic recrystallization","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-refinement","display_name":"grain refinement","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-compression","display_name":"hot compression","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-evolution","display_name":"grain evolution","score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rolling-force","display_name":"rolling force","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-properties","display_name":"tensile properties","score":0.7310000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.7677000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.7092000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6431999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192191005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466491","display_name":"Grain size","level":2,"score":0.5698000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169010117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5319008","display_name":"Dynamic recrystallization","level":4,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4447999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776111599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127242","display_name":"High-speed steel","level":2,"score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.41510000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.39629998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.37630000710487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195702682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623318","display_name":"Recrystallization (geology)","level":2,"score":0.3637999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202973686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937401","display_name":"Constitutive equation","level":3,"score":0.36079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33947775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271439","display_name":"Elongation","level":3,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35527583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189156","display_name":"Cellular automaton","level":2,"score":0.3465000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C500300565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q925667","display_name":"Computer simulation","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86183883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507505","display_name":"Arrhenius equation","level":3,"score":0.3142000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60349201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2644088","display_name":"Gear ratio","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78045399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11214","display_name":"Differential equation","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68339613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549489","display_name":"Speedup","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.70625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5177979310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52304352, 52574382","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1057537301","https://openalex.org/W1969689358","https://openalex.org/W2025488719","https://openalex.org/W2043625876","https://openalex.org/W2081715153","https://openalex.org/W2726127127","https://openalex.org/W2769233410","https://openalex.org/W2777001554","https://openalex.org/W2901745329","https://openalex.org/W2905339354","https://openalex.org/W2998669467","https://openalex.org/W3016010834","https://openalex.org/W3023509160","https://openalex.org/W3037664291","https://openalex.org/W3039980587","https://openalex.org/W3155805694","https://openalex.org/W3159604288","https://openalex.org/W3161701137","https://openalex.org/W3177692008","https://openalex.org/W4212788150","https://openalex.org/W4253469875","https://openalex.org/W4283817014","https://openalex.org/W4295886312","https://openalex.org/W4306937811","https://openalex.org/W4308211936","https://openalex.org/W4313423124","https://openalex.org/W4323361772","https://openalex.org/W4386912981","https://openalex.org/W4388192334","https://openalex.org/W4392472337","https://openalex.org/W4393899446","https://openalex.org/W4394985620","https://openalex.org/W4396578263","https://openalex.org/W4399907131","https://openalex.org/W4400655091","https://openalex.org/W4401696405","https://openalex.org/W4403424655","https://openalex.org/W4404593524","https://openalex.org/W4405834005","https://openalex.org/W4408186534","https://openalex.org/W4409465824","https://openalex.org/W4409530771","https://openalex.org/W4410740733","https://openalex.org/W4412351273","https://openalex.org/W4413444966","https://openalex.org/W4414951453","https://openalex.org/W7115747731","https://openalex.org/W7128907556"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1257029353","https://openalex.org/W4414951453","https://openalex.org/W4281250396","https://openalex.org/W7147374223","https://openalex.org/W2160625976","https://openalex.org/W2563273926","https://openalex.org/W2788672228","https://openalex.org/W2095473752","https://openalex.org/W2025376404","https://openalex.org/W2910836388"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"clarify":[1],"the":[2,8,60,79,102,110,120,137,161,176],"effect":[3],"of":[4,12,118,134,163],"speed":[5,18,57,99,103,116,158],"ratio":[6,104,117],"on":[7],"microstructure":[9],"and":[10,33,37,59,92,108,136,142,153,160,187],"properties":[11],"AH36":[13,192],"marine":[14,193],"steel":[15],"during":[16,185],"differential":[17],"rolling":[19,94],"(DSR),":[20],"hot":[21],"compression":[22],"tests":[23,148],"were":[24],"conducted":[25],"at":[26],"1050\u20131200":[27],"\u00b0C,":[28],"0.01\u20131":[29],"s":[30],"\u22121":[31],",":[32],"\u03b5":[34],"=":[35],"0.7,":[36],"a":[38,115,132],"hyperbolic\u2010sine":[39],"Arrhenius":[40],"constitutive":[41,46],"equation":[42,47],"was":[43,48,63,75,144],"established.":[44],"The":[45,86],"implemented":[49],"in":[50],"DEFORM\u20103D":[51],"to":[52,82,127,131],"simulate":[53],"DSR":[54,186],"under":[55],"different":[56],"ratios,":[58],"finite\u2010element":[61],"model":[62,74],"validated":[64],"using":[65],"rolling\u2010force":[66],"measurements.":[67],"A":[68],"dynamic":[69],"recrystallization":[70],"cellular":[71],"automaton":[72],"(DRX\u2010CA)":[73],"then":[76],"coupled":[77,177],"with":[78,97,156,169],"macroscopic":[80],"simulation":[81,141],"predict":[83,182],"grain":[84,106,122,183],"evolution.":[85],"results":[87,173],"show":[88],"that":[89,150,175],"both":[90,151],"simulated":[91,111],"experimental":[93],"forces":[95],"decreased":[96,124],"increasing":[98,157],"ratio.":[100],"Increasing":[101],"promoted":[105],"refinement":[107,133,184],"enhanced":[109],"DRX":[112],"behavior.":[113],"At":[114],"1.3,":[119],"average":[121,138],"size":[123],"from":[125],"32.2":[126],"24.8":[128],"\u03bcm,":[129],"corresponding":[130],"22.9%,":[135],"deviation":[139],"between":[140],"experiment":[143],"below":[145],"10%.":[146],"Tensile":[147],"showed":[149],"strength":[152],"ductility":[154],"improved":[155],"ratio,":[159],"reduction":[162],"area":[164],"increased":[165],"by":[166],"7.4%":[167],"compared":[168],"synchronous":[170],"rolling.":[171],"These":[172],"indicate":[174],"constitutive\u2010FE\u2010DRX\u2010CA":[178],"framework":[179],"can":[180],"reasonably":[181],"support":[188],"speed\u2010ratio":[189],"optimization":[190],"for":[191],"steel.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}