{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204188904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22459","title":"\"I want to be pushed, I want to grow\": Enabling social workers to design evaluations of LLM augmentation in their work","display_name":"\"I want to be pushed, I want to grow\": Enabling social workers to design evaluations of LLM augmentation in their work","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204188904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22459"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22459","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22459","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034315380","display_name":"Anna Kawakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6937-6370","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6937-6370"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kawakami, Anna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148127998","display_name":"Chloe Qianhui Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao, Chloe Qianhui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146374175","display_name":"Renee Shelby","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shelby, Renee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google Research ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google Research ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5129741896","display_name":"Fernando Diaz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diaz, Fernando","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148149379","display_name":"Haiyi Zhu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu, Haiyi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Carnegie Mellon University ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Carnegie Mellon University ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022664382","display_name":"Kenneth Holstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-922X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6730-922X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Holstein, Kenneth","raw_affiliation_strings":["EPFL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"EPFL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.9667999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13812","display_name":"AI and HR Technologies","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-work","display_name":"social work","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-social-work","display_name":"school social work","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark-design","display_name":"benchmark design","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/llm-as-a-judge","display_name":"LLM-as-a-judge","score":0.8309999704360962}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111640148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847349","display_name":"Rubric","level":2,"score":0.8001000285148621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6735000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5342000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16920402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205398","display_name":"Social work","level":2,"score":0.5152999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4717000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.30169999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.29840001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139140526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034614","display_name":"Job design","level":4,"score":0.2615000009536743}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22459","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.22459","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.22459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.22459","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.22459","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.22459","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204188904.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204188904.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221478612","https://openalex.org/W7171740767","https://openalex.org/W4416354552","https://openalex.org/W7203928855","https://openalex.org/W7212315626","https://openalex.org/W7153838007","https://openalex.org/W4409348495","https://openalex.org/W4399913499","https://openalex.org/W4403826361","https://openalex.org/W7134255296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Workers":[0,136],"are":[1,13],"increasingly":[2],"asked":[3],"to":[4,8,29,43,71,112,121,193,202],"adopt":[5],"AI":[6,22,39,44,54,102,196,205],"systems":[7],"assist":[9],"their":[10,97,124,133,146],"work,":[11],"yet":[12],"rarely":[14],"given":[15],"a":[16,75,82,89,110,199],"voice":[17],"in":[18,129],"defining":[19],"what":[20,57],"meaningful":[21],"augmentation":[23,59],"should":[24,55,65],"look":[25],"like":[26],"or":[27],"how":[28,63,70,114],"evaluate":[30],"for":[31,101,190],"it.":[32],"In":[33,151],"this":[34,73],"paper,":[35],"we":[36,157,187],"propose":[37],"worker-driven":[38,195],"measurement---a":[40],"bottom-up":[41],"approach":[42,201],"evaluation":[45,206],"where":[46],"workers":[47,80,94],"collaboratively":[48,137],"shape":[49],"decisions":[50],"about":[51],"which":[52],"tasks":[53],"augment,":[56],"\"successful\"":[58],"looks":[60],"like,":[61],"and":[62,107,127,139,148,166,170],"it":[64],"be":[66],"measured.":[67],"We":[68],"explore":[69],"support":[72,194],"through":[74],"case":[76,185],"study":[77],"with":[78],"19":[79],"from":[81],"local":[83],"school":[84],"social":[85],"work":[86,192],"organization.":[87],"Through":[88],"series":[90],"of":[91,132,153],"eight":[92],"workshops,":[93],"iteratively":[95],"develop":[96],"own":[98,125],"measurement":[99,197],"goals":[100],"evaluation,":[103],"systematize":[104],"these":[105],"goals,":[106],"then":[108],"design":[109,138],"benchmark":[111,174],"capture":[113],"effectively":[115],"an":[116,141],"LLM":[117,167],"can":[118,175],"\"challenge\"":[119],"them":[120],"reflect":[122],"on":[123,145,183],"assumptions":[126],"biases":[128],"the":[130,154,172],"context":[131],"day-to-day":[134],"work.":[135],"refine":[140],"LLM-as-a-judge":[142],"rubric":[143],"based":[144],"professional":[147],"lived":[149],"expertise.":[150],"validations":[152],"worker-created":[155],"benchmark,":[156],"find":[158],"that":[159,171],"there":[160],"is":[161],"strong":[162],"agreement":[163],"between":[164],"worker":[165],"judge":[168],"ratings":[169],"resulting":[173],"differentiate":[176],"performance":[177],"across":[178],"six":[179],"state-of-the-art":[180],"LLMs.":[181],"Based":[182],"our":[184],"study,":[186],"discuss":[188],"opportunities":[189],"future":[191],"as":[198],"complementary":[200],"existing":[203],"top-down":[204],"approaches.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}