{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204188685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","title":"Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation Caused by Sensor Slots in Intelligent Tapered Bearings","display_name":"Study on Fatigue Crack Propagation Caused by Sensor Slots in Intelligent Tapered Bearings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204188685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/machines14090961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219839","display_name":"Machines","issn_l":"2075-1702","issn":["2075-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204188685"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004874026","display_name":"Longkai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-7666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-7666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Longkai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-7666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773023","display_name":"Fengyuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-5341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7915-5341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045034046","display_name":"Yangyan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6929-5626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6929-5626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27688046","display_name":"Hunan Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/03zj2rn70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27688046"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411101, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Intelligent Science and Engineering, Hunan Institute of Engineering, Xiangtan 411101, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27688046"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101658177","display_name":"Yijun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4410","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-4410"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139660479","display_name":"Central South University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f1zfq44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Light Alloy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139660479"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004874026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"9","first_page":"961","last_page":"961"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10396","display_name":"Fatigue and fracture mechanics","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.011099999770522118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13213","display_name":"Mechanical Failure Analysis and Simulation","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fatigue-crack-growth","display_name":"fatigue crack growth","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/submodeling","display_name":"submodeling","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-mesh-refinement","display_name":"adaptive mesh refinement","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-intensity-factor","display_name":"stress intensity factor","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-depth","display_name":"slot depth","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing-reliability","display_name":"bearing reliability","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.6668999791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.5990999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54303661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754376","display_name":"Stress intensity factor","level":3,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3937000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776895703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6736207","display_name":"Main bearing","level":3,"score":0.3917999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59085676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q957852","display_name":"Fracture mechanics","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3783000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62354387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875399","display_name":"Boundary (topology)","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28539199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542690","display_name":"Stress concentration","level":3,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182310444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332643","display_name":"Boundary value problem","level":2,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985278600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65051469","display_name":"Fatigue testing","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986058073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Dynamic stress","level":3,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2632000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43369102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2307625","display_name":"Fracture (geology)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135677250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319673","display_name":"Bearing capacity","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/machines14090961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219839","display_name":"Machines","issn_l":"2075-1702","issn":["2075-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1f81b70f6c0f4f63b5bb655280c6a60d","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1f81b70f6c0f4f63b5bb655280c6a60d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Machines, Vol 14, Iss 9, p 961 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/machines14090961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14090961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210219839","display_name":"Machines","issn_l":"2075-1702","issn":["2075-1702"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Machines","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.8970999717712402,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4371198228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3406102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047176497","https://openalex.org/W2062613656","https://openalex.org/W2081420748","https://openalex.org/W2142596047","https://openalex.org/W3043097058","https://openalex.org/W3120072089","https://openalex.org/W3131970896","https://openalex.org/W3152530675","https://openalex.org/W4212976141","https://openalex.org/W4288925972","https://openalex.org/W4295681596","https://openalex.org/W4311087107","https://openalex.org/W4315477094","https://openalex.org/W4318305463","https://openalex.org/W4390452842","https://openalex.org/W4390858618","https://openalex.org/W4392747023","https://openalex.org/W4392870870","https://openalex.org/W4403587465","https://openalex.org/W4413327645","https://openalex.org/W4415809919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386171583","https://openalex.org/W3109021509","https://openalex.org/W4415809919","https://openalex.org/W2516416684","https://openalex.org/W2256019797","https://openalex.org/W2254036190","https://openalex.org/W3043097058","https://openalex.org/W2079067237","https://openalex.org/W3172552923","https://openalex.org/W7034168430"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric-shovel":[0],"top":[1,164],"sheave":[2,165],"bearings":[3],"with":[4],"sensor-embedded":[5,97],"slots":[6],"operate":[7],"under":[8,145],"harsh":[9],"service":[10,47],"loads,":[11],"making":[12],"them":[13],"prone":[14],"to":[15],"fatigue":[16,159],"crack":[17,24,94],"initiation":[18],"and":[19,37,49,67,96,130,158],"propagation.":[20],"Accurate":[21],"predictions":[22],"of":[23,91,161],"growth":[25],"within":[26],"the":[27,41,85,89,92,101,112,118,121,127,131,146,155],"bearing":[28,35,42],"body":[29],"are":[30],"therefore":[31],"essential":[32],"for":[33,154],"intelligent":[34,162],"design":[36,143,157],"reliability":[38],"assessments":[39],"because":[40],"integrity":[43],"directly":[44],"affects":[45],"shovel":[46],"life":[48],"safety.":[50],"This":[51],"paper":[52],"presents":[53],"a":[54,141],"sub-modeling-based":[55],"method":[56],"that":[57,107,137],"embeds":[58],"initial":[59,93],"cracks":[60],"while":[61],"preserving":[62],"actual":[63],"roller-ring":[64],"boundary":[65],"conditions":[66],"ensuring":[68],"computational":[69],"efficiency":[70],"via":[71],"adaptive":[72],"mesh":[73],"refinement.":[74],"A":[75],"global":[76],"model":[77],"first":[78],"identifies":[79],"critical":[80],"crack-prone":[81],"zones,":[82],"after":[83],"which":[84],"sub-model":[86],"systematically":[87],"examines":[88],"effects":[90],"angle":[95],"slot":[98,125,138],"depth":[99,139],"on":[100],"propagation":[102],"behavior.":[103],"The":[104,149],"results":[105],"indicate":[106],"both":[108],"factors":[109],"significantly":[110],"increased":[111],"stress":[113],"intensity":[114],"factor":[115],"(SIF).":[116],"Among":[117],"evaluated":[119],"designs,":[120],"15":[122],"mm":[123],"-deep":[124],"produced":[126],"highest":[128],"SIFs":[129],"shortest":[132],"predicted":[133],"crack-propagation":[134],"life,":[135],"indicating":[136],"was":[140],"key":[142],"parameter":[144],"investigated":[147],"conditions.":[148],"findings":[150],"provide":[151],"theoretical":[152],"support":[153],"structural":[156],"evaluation":[160],"electric-shovel":[163],"bearings.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-27T08:07:27.782135","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
