{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204188016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","title":"Hybrid quantum fusion network for multimodal cardiac abnormality detection","display_name":"Hybrid quantum fusion network for multimodal cardiac abnormality detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204188016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67421-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67421-0_reference.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119363124","display_name":"Melvin Yashnil Ramkhelawan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5117-2234","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5117-2234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Melvin Yashnil Ramkhelawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5117-2234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043096639","display_name":"Santoso Wibowo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-8428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5318-8428"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santoso Wibowo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053726401","display_name":"Srimannarayana Grandhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-7822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9704-7822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74899385","display_name":"Central Queensland University","ror":"https://ror.org/023q4bk22","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Srimannarayana Grandhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering & Technology, CQUniversity, 120 Spencer St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119363124"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74899385"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.722298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10217","display_name":"Cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmias","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-machine-learning","display_name":"quantum machine learning","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-fusion","display_name":"multimodal fusion","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-abnormality-detection","display_name":"cardiac abnormality detection","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrocardiography","display_name":"electrocardiogram","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonocardiogram","display_name":"phonocardiogram","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation-fusion","display_name":"representation fusion","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrhythmia-classification","display_name":"arrhythmia classification","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-advantage","display_name":"quantum advantage","score":0.6140000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5960999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.47450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4702000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.46050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.4413999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.4357999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4325999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.4318999946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159693508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3301075","display_name":"Phonocardiogram","level":2,"score":0.42980000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.3725000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.35679998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.35030001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50965678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2724302","display_name":"Abnormality","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27379998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45273575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578970","display_name":"Spectrogram","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988455589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189331","display_name":"Cardiac arrhythmia","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67421-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-67421-0","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-67421-0_reference.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46810001134872437,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204188016.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204188016.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cardiovascular":[0],"disease":[1],"remains":[2],"a":[3,18,223,235],"major":[4],"global":[5],"health":[6],"burden,":[7],"motivating":[8],"automated":[9],"analysis":[10],"of":[11,173],"complementary":[12],"cardiac":[13],"modalities.":[14],"This":[15],"study":[16,66],"presents":[17],"Hybrid":[19],"Quantum":[20],"Fusion":[21],"Network":[22],"(HQFN)":[23],"for":[24,80],"cross-source":[25,101,142,226],"electrocardiogram":[26],"(ECG)":[27],"and":[28,40,45,86,100,116,160,205,216],"phonocardiogram":[29],"(PCG)":[30],"representation":[31],"fusion.":[32,241],"ECG":[33,43,139],"images":[34],"derived":[35],"from":[36,48],"the":[37,49,65,108,117,138,150,185,230],"MIT-BIH":[38],"Arrhythmia":[39],"PTB":[41],"Diagnostic":[42],"datasets":[44],"PCG":[46],"recordings":[47],"PhysioNet/Computing":[50],"in":[51],"Cardiology":[52],"Challenge":[53],"2016":[54],"dataset":[55],"were":[56,61,90,103,146],"processed":[57],"independently.":[58],"The":[59],"samples":[60],"not":[62,68,233],"patient-matched;":[63],"therefore,":[64],"does":[67],"claim":[69],"patient-level":[70],"multimodal":[71],"diagnosis.":[72],"Leakage-audited":[73],"classical":[74,119,240],"ResNet-50":[75],"encoders":[76],"produced":[77],"2048-dimensional":[78],"embeddings":[79],"each":[81],"modality.":[82],"Fixed":[83],"training,":[84],"validation":[85],"test":[87],"source":[88],"partitions":[89],"retained,":[91],"feature":[92],"standardisation":[93],"was":[94,135,167,190],"fitted":[95],"using":[96],"training":[97],"data":[98],"only,":[99],"pairs":[102],"generated":[104],"without":[105],"replacement.":[106],"In":[107],"primary":[109],"concordant":[110],"Normal-Normal":[111],"versus":[112],"Abnormal-Abnormal":[113],"task,":[114,153,188],"ECG-only":[115],"principal":[118],"fusion":[120,179,199,227],"algorithms":[121],"achieved":[122,127,155,180,200],"100%":[123],"accuracy,":[124],"while":[125],"HQFN":[126,154,189,220],"99.63%":[128],"\u00b1":[129,157,182,194,202],"0.72%,":[130],"indicating":[131],"that":[132],"this":[133],"task":[134],"dominated":[136],"by":[137],"representation.":[140],"Two":[141],"interaction":[143],"stress":[144],"tests":[145],"consequently":[147],"included.":[148],"On":[149,184],"nonlinear":[151,225],"concordance-versus-discordance":[152],"89.00%":[156],"2.21%":[158],"accuracy":[159],"fell":[161],"to":[162],"chance":[163],"when":[164],"either":[165],"modality":[166],"masked":[168],"or":[169],"permuted,":[170],"demonstrating":[171],"use":[172],"both":[174],"sources;":[175],"however,":[176],"multilayer":[177,197],"perceptron":[178,198],"92.30%":[181],"0.76%.":[183],"four-class":[186],"pair-composition":[187],"unstable,":[191],"achieving":[192],"53.60%":[193],"16.16%,":[195],"whereas":[196],"92.90%":[201],"0.55%.":[203],"Finite-shot":[204],"simulated":[206],"depolarising-noise":[207],"analyses":[208],"showed":[209],"modest":[210],"degradation":[211],"at":[212],"lower":[213],"shot":[214],"counts":[215],"higher":[217],"noise":[218],"probabilities.":[219],"therefore":[221],"provides":[222],"feasible":[224],"mechanism,":[228],"although":[229],"experiments":[231],"do":[232],"demonstrate":[234],"general":[236],"quantum":[237],"advantage":[238],"over":[239]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
