{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204185526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","title":"Thermodynamics and physical chemistry in steelmaking: the giants in this history: an overview","display_name":"Thermodynamics and physical chemistry in steelmaking: the giants in this history: an overview","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204185526","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464"},"language":"pt","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","pdf_url":"https://www.tecnologiammm.com.br/article/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464/pdf/tmm-23-e3464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738867817","display_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","issn_l":"2176-1515","issn":["2176-1515","2176-1523"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312400","host_organization_name":"Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312400"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://www.tecnologiammm.com.br/article/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464/pdf/tmm-23-e3464.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060308127","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-8338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0513-8338"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060308127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60810134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":null,"first_page":"e3464","last_page":"e3464"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.7979000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.7979000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.18960000574588776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking","display_name":"steel industry","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"thermodynamics","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"physical chemistry","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steel-industry-history","display_name":"steel industry history","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bessemer-process","display_name":"Bessemer process","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/siemens-martin-process","display_name":"Siemens-Martin process","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/science-and-technology-development","display_name":"science and technology development","score":0.4690000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steelmaking-technology","display_name":"steelmaking technology","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.41999998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.23839999735355377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5201495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739016","display_name":"Chemical thermodynamics","level":3,"score":0.23270000517368317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.22679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116672817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1454986","display_name":"Physical system","level":2,"score":0.22220000624656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22169999778270721}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","pdf_url":"https://www.tecnologiammm.com.br/article/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464/pdf/tmm-23-e3464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738867817","display_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","issn_l":"2176-1515","issn":["2176-1515","2176-1523"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312400","host_organization_name":"Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312400"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f18d7dac8bdb4c5c96bc0127099a1cef","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f18d7dac8bdb4c5c96bc0127099a1cef","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o, Vol 23, p e3464 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464","pdf_url":"https://www.tecnologiammm.com.br/article/10.4322/2176-1523.20263464/pdf/tmm-23-e3464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738867817","display_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","issn_l":"2176-1515","issn":["2176-1515","2176-1523"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310312400","host_organization_name":"Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310312400"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Brazilian Association of Metallurgy, Materials and Mining"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Tecnologia em Metalurgia, Materiais e Minera\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204185526.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204185526.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"title":[1],"of":[2,31,37,46,66,87,90,102,124,134,152,170,178,181,188,206,223,232,243,246],"this":[3,91,207,218],"review":[4,62,208],"is":[5,25,203,214],"inspired":[6],"by":[7,11,26,50],"the":[8,29,43,63,73,84,103,112,122,131,140,148,171,176,179,184,198,204,221,228,244,249],"1676":[9],"comment":[10],"Newton":[12],"in":[13,70,76,93,105,116,248],"a":[14,167],"letter":[15],"to":[16,35,61,137,147,165,175,183,209,238],"Hooke":[17],"[1]:":[18],"\"If":[19],"I":[20],"have":[21],"seen":[22],"further,":[23],"it":[24,58,96,118,161],"standing":[27],"on":[28],"shoulders":[30],"giants\",":[32],"originally":[33],"attributed":[34],"Bernard":[36],"Chartres":[38],"[2].As":[39],"we":[40,144],"rapidly":[41],"approach":[42],"200":[44],"years":[45],"tonnage":[47],"steelmaking,":[48,117],"inaugurated":[49],"people":[51],"like":[52],"Bessemer,":[53],"Mushet,":[54],"Siemens":[55],"and":[56,78,107,114,128,155,196,225,241],"Martin,":[57],"seems":[59,119],"appropriate":[60],"important":[64],"contribution":[65],"these":[67,125],"inventive":[68],"minds":[69],"connection":[71],"with":[72,193,197,227],"supporting":[74],"knowledge":[75],"thermodynamics":[77,106],"physical":[79,108],"chemistry":[80,109],"that":[81,100,217],"made":[82],"possible":[83,200],"regular":[85],"production":[86],"around":[88],"2000Mt/yr":[89],"material":[92],"recent":[94],"decades.While":[95],"can":[97],"be":[98,163],"argued":[99],"much":[101],"development":[104,133],"came":[110],"after":[111],"inventions":[113],"breakthroughs":[115],"that,":[120],"increasingly,":[121],"use":[123],"sciences":[126],"helps":[127],"continues":[129],"helping":[130],"further":[132],"steelmaking":[135,247],"technology":[136],"impressive":[138],"levels.At":[139],"same":[141],"time,":[142],"while":[143,234],"are":[145],"exposed":[146],"most":[149,172],"modern":[150],"ways":[151],"storing,":[153],"retrieving":[154],"summarizing":[156],"previous":[157],"information,":[158],"including":[159],"AI,":[160],"might":[162],"advisable":[164],"present":[166,210],"concise":[168,212],"view":[169],"relevant":[173],"contributions":[174],"progress":[177],"applications":[180],"science":[182],"very":[185],"practical":[186],"problems":[187],"making":[189],"steels":[190],"more":[191],"economically,":[192],"better":[194],"properties":[195],"minimum":[199],"environmental":[201],"impact.It":[202],"objective":[205],"such":[211],"view.It":[213],"our":[215],"intention":[216],"may":[219],"prevent":[220],"waste":[222],"time":[224],"energy":[226],"\"rediscovery\"":[229],"or":[230],"\"reinvention\"":[231],"concepts":[233],"given":[235],"some":[236],"inspiration":[237],"current":[239],"students":[240],"practitioners":[242],"art":[245],"XXI":[250],"century.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-29T07:29:34.045763","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
