{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204183213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","title":"Smoking Trends and Their Short Term Complications in Young Adults","display_name":"Smoking Trends and Their Short Term Complications in Young Adults","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204183213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.37018/opqw8910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237952","display_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","issn_l":"2616-6291","issn":["2616-6291","2616-6461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176884743","host_organization_name":"Fatima Jinnah Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148131047","display_name":"Nashmia Mehmood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nashmia Mehmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101688311","display_name":"Sana Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1904-1147","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1904-1147"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sana Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122070084","display_name":"Dr. Syeda Sumaira Batool","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syeda Sumaira Batool","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118176901","display_name":"Iqra Taj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Taj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University, Islamabad (FUI)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University, Islamabad (FUI)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148161319","display_name":"Maryam Javed Ghumman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maryam Javed Ghumman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148066122","display_name":"Aqsa Tariq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152236710","display_name":"Foundation University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/0130a6s10","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqsa Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Foundation University College of Physical Therapy (FUCP), Foundation University Islamabad (FUI), Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152236710"],"apc_list":{"value":95,"currency":"USD","value_usd":95},"apc_paid":{"value":95,"currency":"USD","value_usd":95},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"66","last_page":"71"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10143","display_name":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halitosis","display_name":"halitosis","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiorespiratory-fitness","display_name":"cardiorespiratory fitness","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vo2max","display_name":"VO2max","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-use","display_name":"tobacco use","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking-prevalence","display_name":"smoking prevalence","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tobacco-control","display_name":"tobacco control","score":0.8880000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9023000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117437137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038720","display_name":"Cardiorespiratory fitness","level":2,"score":0.8639000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.6353999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103038586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152037","display_name":"Aerobic exercise","level":2,"score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019085024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7212330","display_name":"Cigarette smoking","level":2,"score":0.5115000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.4921000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776157432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1375683","display_name":"Normality","level":2,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.4124000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3686999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.33959999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196310339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"VO2 max","level":4,"score":0.32710000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142052008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954027","display_name":"Cross-sectional study","level":2,"score":0.3181999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.28769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992361435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60354","display_name":"Aerobic capacity","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018284874","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389735","display_name":"Cardiovascular health","level":3,"score":0.26969999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776281542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q259516","display_name":"Passive smoking","level":2,"score":0.2667999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.37018/opqw8910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237952","display_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","issn_l":"2616-6291","issn":["2616-6291","2616-6461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176884743","host_organization_name":"Fatima Jinnah Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jfjmu.com:article/1524","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://jfjmu.com/index.php/index/article/view/1524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237952","display_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","issn_l":"2616-6291","issn":["2616-6291","2616-6461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176884743","host_organization_name":"Fatima Jinnah Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2616-6461","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.37018/opqw8910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.37018/opqw8910","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210237952","display_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","issn_l":"2616-6291","issn":["2616-6291","2616-6461"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176884743","host_organization_name":"Fatima Jinnah Medical University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176884743"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Fatima Jinnah Medical University","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2760712986","https://openalex.org/W2133092268","https://openalex.org/W4411543604","https://openalex.org/W2471391122","https://openalex.org/W2599395944","https://openalex.org/W2024139997","https://openalex.org/W7207518504","https://openalex.org/W7160604628","https://openalex.org/W2281643100","https://openalex.org/W6931016387"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Cigarette":[1,121],"smoking":[2,34,122,129,193],"is":[3,123,174,181],"a":[4,155,201],"reversible":[5],"cause":[6,15],"of":[7,118,128,208],"cardiopulmonary":[8],"diseases":[9],"that":[10],"may,":[11],"in":[12,24,54,159,205,230],"other":[13],"cases,":[14],"short-term":[16,37,140,185,227],"and":[17,39,66,94,163,180,188,221],"long-term":[18],"complications,":[19],"including":[20],"declined":[21],"aerobic":[22,43],"capacity":[23],"adolescents.":[25],"This":[26],"study":[27,51],"aimed":[28],"to":[29,70,114,224],"identify":[30],"the":[31,40,90,95,116,119,124,136,214],"most":[32,125,137],"common":[33,126],"trends,":[35],"associated":[36,182],"complications":[38,229],"effect":[41],"on":[42],"endurance":[44,160,169],"among":[45,177,194],"young":[46,178,195],"adults.Methodology:":[47],"An":[48],"analytical":[49],"cross-sectional":[50],"was":[52,112,135,197],"conducted":[53],"Rawalpindi":[55],"&":[56],"Islamabad,":[57],"recruiting":[58],"140":[59],"participants":[60],"(88":[61],"males,":[62],"52":[63],"females).":[64],"Smokers":[65],"non-smokers":[67],"aged":[68],"16":[69],"26":[71],"years":[72],"were":[73,103],"selected":[74],"through":[75],"non-probability":[76],"convenience":[77],"sampling":[78],"over":[79],"5":[80],"months":[81],"(February-June":[82],"2019).":[83],"The":[84,109,143,211],"Basic":[85],"Smoking":[86,173],"Assessment":[87],"Questionnaire":[88],"(BSAQ),":[89],"Modified":[91],"Borg":[92],"Scale,":[93],"Progressive":[96,148],"Aerobic":[97,149],"Cardiovascular":[98,150],"Endurance":[99,151],"Run":[100,152],"(PACER)":[101,153],"test":[102,111],"used":[104,113],"for":[105,216],"data":[106],"collection":[107],"purposes.":[108],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[110],"assess":[115],"normality":[117],"data.Results:":[120],"mode":[127],"(25%),":[130],"while":[131],"halitosis":[132],"(bad":[133],"breath)":[134],"frequently":[138],"occurring":[139],"complication":[141],"(8.6%).":[142],"VO\u2082":[144],"max":[145],"evaluated":[146],"via":[147],"showed":[154],"significant":[156],"difference":[157],"(p<0.001)":[158],"between":[161],"smokers":[162],"non-smokers.":[164],"Non-smokers":[165],"had":[166],"greater":[167],"cardiovascular":[168],"than":[170],"smokers.":[171],"Conclusion:":[172],"highly":[175],"prevalent":[176],"adults":[179,196],"with":[183,200],"early":[184,222],"adverse":[186],"effects":[187],"reduced":[189],"cardiorespiratory":[190],"fitness.":[191],"Also":[192],"predominantly":[198],"cigarette-based,":[199],"considerable":[202],"proportion":[203],"engaging":[204],"multiple":[206],"forms":[207],"tobacco":[209,218],"use.":[210],"findings":[212],"highlight":[213],"need":[215],"targeted":[217],"control":[219],"strategies":[220],"interventions":[223],"reduce":[225],"smoking-related":[226],"health":[228],"this":[231],"population.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}