{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204179353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","title":"Spatial Variation of Obstacle Contrast in Roadway Lighting: An On-Site Experimental Investigation","display_name":"Spatial Variation of Obstacle Contrast in Roadway Lighting: An On-Site Experimental Investigation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204179353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83547391","display_name":"LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America","issn_l":"1550-2716","issn":["1550-2716","1550-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LEUKOS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065221929","display_name":"Amira R. AbouElhamd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-1365","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-1365"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201726411","display_name":"United Arab Emirates University","ror":"https://ror.org/01km6p862","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amira R. AbouElhamd","raw_affiliation_strings":["United Arab Emirates University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9730-1365","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United Arab Emirates University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013283522","display_name":"Riad Saraiji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-8411","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1476-8411"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I182000528","display_name":"Ajman University","ror":"https://ror.org/01j1rma10","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riad Saraiji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ajman University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ajman University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I182000528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065221929"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201726411"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6831783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.8515999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.10220000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13527","display_name":"Transportation Systems and Logistics","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-lighting","display_name":"street lighting","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nighttime-visibility","display_name":"nighttime visibility","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/led-streetlights","display_name":"LED streetlights","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pole-spacing","display_name":"pole spacing","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-headlamps","display_name":"automotive headlamps","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-height","display_name":"obstacle height","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/luminance-maps","display_name":"luminance maps","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/road-safety","display_name":"road safety","score":0.6650000214576721}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.5473999977111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778334786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1586270","display_name":"Variation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.38350000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.23090000450611115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2026.2711979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83547391","display_name":"LEUKOS The Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America","issn_l":"1550-2716","issn":["1550-2716","1550-2724"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"LEUKOS","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"},{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.7197252511978149,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970373421","https://openalex.org/W1982855912","https://openalex.org/W1991911222","https://openalex.org/W2010485877","https://openalex.org/W2013925101","https://openalex.org/W2046739010","https://openalex.org/W2055817322","https://openalex.org/W2119092672","https://openalex.org/W2148768062","https://openalex.org/W2159315107","https://openalex.org/W2254684380","https://openalex.org/W2340443068","https://openalex.org/W2561893408","https://openalex.org/W2591140332","https://openalex.org/W2754238788","https://openalex.org/W2783972617","https://openalex.org/W2794605463","https://openalex.org/W2794627278","https://openalex.org/W2897289294","https://openalex.org/W2922164890","https://openalex.org/W2966985783","https://openalex.org/W3174039863","https://openalex.org/W3197567819","https://openalex.org/W3200499740","https://openalex.org/W3209741294","https://openalex.org/W4247170942","https://openalex.org/W4252924794","https://openalex.org/W4289843440","https://openalex.org/W4293194511","https://openalex.org/W4309329305","https://openalex.org/W4381660703","https://openalex.org/W4389613868","https://openalex.org/W4390239441","https://openalex.org/W4393002724","https://openalex.org/W4399994721"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstacle":[0],"contrast":[1,24,146,164,185,197],"is":[2],"a":[3,26,30,35,47,57,126,157,172],"crucial":[4],"metric":[5],"for":[6,95,165,175,192,241],"improving":[7],"visibility":[8],"at":[9],"night.":[10],"This":[11,237],"study":[12],"investigated":[13],"how":[14],"lighting":[15,123,243],"design":[16,244],"parameters":[17],"and":[18,41,102,125,144,163,227],"obstacle":[19,61,161,214,235],"spatial":[20],"locations":[21],"affect":[22],"their":[23],"along":[25,73],"luminaire":[27],"cycle,":[28],"as":[29,230],"quasi-dynamic":[31],"reconstruction":[32],"rather":[33],"than":[34],"continuous":[36],"time-dynamic":[37],"measurement.":[38],"Field":[39],"measurements":[40],"computer":[42],"simulations":[43],"were":[44,70],"conducted":[45],"on":[46],"two-lane":[48],"road":[49,247],"equipped":[50],"with":[51,101,187,199],"seven":[52],"LED":[53],"luminaires":[54],"controlled":[55],"via":[56],"Bluetooth":[58],"solution.":[59],"Five":[60],"models,":[62],"each":[63],"model":[64,128],"representing":[65],"obstacles":[66,166,176,194],"of":[67,91],"different":[68],"heights,":[69],"spatially":[71],"positioned":[72],"lateral":[74],"grids":[75],"between":[76,142,160],"two":[77,96],"streetlights.":[78],"A":[79,216],"vehicle-mounted":[80],"camera":[81],"recorded":[82],"high-dynamic-range":[83],"(HDR)":[84],"luminance":[85,109,162],"maps,":[86],"while":[87],"the":[88,130,231],"lumen":[89,189,201],"output":[90],"streetlights":[92],"was":[93,133],"adjusted":[94],"pole":[97,205,228],"spacing":[98,206,229],"configurations,":[99],"both":[100],"without":[103],"headlights.":[104],"HDR":[105],"images":[106],"provided":[107],"detailed":[108],"data":[110],"to":[111,135,245],"evaluate":[112],"factors":[113,233],"influencing":[114,234],"contrast.":[115,215,236],"Contrast":[116],"contour":[117],"maps":[118],"illustrated":[119],"changes":[120],"under":[121],"varying":[122],"conditions,":[124],"simulation":[127],"approximating":[129],"experimental":[131,143],"setup":[132],"developed":[134],"examine":[136],"overall":[137],"trend":[138],"behavior.":[139],"Normalized":[140],"comparisons":[141],"simulated":[145],"results":[147],"showed":[148,156],"similar":[149],"relative":[150],"patterns,":[151],"indicating":[152],"trend-level":[153],"correspondence.":[154],"Results":[155],"weak":[158],"correlation":[159,174],"1.0":[167],"m":[168,178],"or":[169],"shorter,":[170],"but":[171],"strong":[173],"1.5":[177],"in":[179],"height.":[180],"For":[181],"very":[182],"low":[183],"obstacles,":[184],"decreased":[186],"increased":[188,207],"output,":[190],"whereas":[191],"taller":[193],"(1.5":[195],"m),":[196],"improved":[198],"higher":[200],"output.":[202],"While":[203],"reduced":[204],"pavement":[208],"luminance,":[209],"it":[210],"did":[211],"not":[212],"increase":[213],"mixed-effects":[217],"GLM":[218],"statistical":[219],"analysis":[220],"identified":[221],"target":[222],"height,":[223],"vehicle":[224],"headlight":[225],"status,":[226],"dominant":[232],"research":[238],"offers":[239],"insights":[240],"optimizing":[242],"enhance":[246],"safety.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
