{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204174395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","title":"Frequency of Microbial Colonization of the Maternal Vagina in Preterm Premature rupture of Membranes","display_name":"Frequency of Microbial Colonization of the Maternal Vagina in Preterm Premature rupture of Membranes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204174395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406988814","display_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","issn_l":"2307-7115","issn":["2307-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148045245","display_name":"Sammar Kaenat","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184598052","display_name":"Nishtar Medical College and Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02rjrn566","country_code":"PK","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184598052"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sammar Kaenat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Nishtar Hospital, Multan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184598052"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126348735","display_name":"Uzma Shaheen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Uzma Shaheen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063643053","display_name":"Farhana Shabnam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhana Shabnam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111353713","display_name":"Abid Tariq","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Afrayshum Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148095915","display_name":"Asma Ramzan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asma Ramzan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013785668","display_name":"Noreen Nazar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noreen Nazar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11290","display_name":"Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11290","display_name":"Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10428","display_name":"Reproductive tract infections research","score":0.003000000026077032,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11961","display_name":"Neonatal and Maternal Infections","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-premature-rupture-of-membranes","display_name":"preterm premature rupture of membranes","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-swab-culture","display_name":"vaginal swab culture","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/escherichia-coli","display_name":"Escherichia coli","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enterococcus-faecalis","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/streptococcus-agalactiae","display_name":"Streptococcus agalactiae","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-aureus","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/staphylococcus-haemolyticus","display_name":"Staphylococcus haemolyticus","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-age","display_name":"gestational age","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-birth","display_name":"preterm birth","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaginal-microbiota","display_name":"vaginal microbiota","score":0.44200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.6819999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-women","display_name":"rural women","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maternal-infection-risk","display_name":"maternal infection risk","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5880","display_name":"Vagina","level":2,"score":0.8378999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779895986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q140014","display_name":"Enterococcus faecalis","level":4,"score":0.7001000046730042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776927270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815962","display_name":"Colonization","level":2,"score":0.6771000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11703370","display_name":"Premature rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6004999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778376644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2253111","display_name":"Gestational age","level":3,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779489039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188121","display_name":"Staphylococcus aureus","level":3,"score":0.5199000239372253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780585763","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q517258","display_name":"Enterococcus","level":3,"score":0.4668999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778276568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190161","display_name":"Streptococcus","level":3,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779288629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199695","display_name":"Staphylococcus","level":4,"score":0.3919000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775965595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365581","display_name":"Micrococcaceae","level":4,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29456083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221899","display_name":"Gynecology","level":1,"score":0.33079999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.3296999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777407796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176918","display_name":"Rupture of membranes","level":4,"score":0.29750001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776393945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778502","display_name":"Vaginal discharge","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340774","display_name":"Endometritis","level":3,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406988814","display_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","issn_l":"2307-7115","issn":["2307-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","doi":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v16i3.1097","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S5406988814","display_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","issn_l":"2307-7115","issn":["2307-7115"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7171788326","https://openalex.org/W4401228233","https://openalex.org/W4397037366","https://openalex.org/W2140845862","https://openalex.org/W4391717170","https://openalex.org/W4408284401","https://openalex.org/W4388133152","https://openalex.org/W3030841960","https://openalex.org/W7220373899","https://openalex.org/W7131350628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"the":[3,9,25,104,134,249],"frequency":[4,74,242],"of":[5,8,16,27,43,75,90,106,131,163,243,248],"microbial":[6,84,237,246],"colonization":[7,85,247],"maternal":[10,250],"vagina":[11,251],"in":[12,190,201,207,213,218,224,261,263,287],"preterm":[13],"premature":[14],"rupture":[15],"membranes":[17],"(PPROM).":[18],"Methodology:":[19],"This":[20],"cross-sectional":[21],"study":[22,265],"commenced":[23],"at":[24],"Department":[26],"Obstetrics":[28],"and":[29,59,137,144,221,280,282],"Gynecology,":[30],"Nishtar":[31],"Hospital,":[32],"Multan,":[33],"Pakistan,":[34],"from":[35,275],"March":[36],"2025":[37],"to":[38,49,172,232],"August":[39],"2025.":[40],"A":[41],"total":[42,130],"111":[44,132,192],"pregnant":[45],"women":[46,153,170,255],"between":[47,68],"20":[48,225],"45":[50,168],"years,":[51,143],"who":[52,154],"presented":[53],"with":[54,64,236,256,272],"PPROM":[55,262],"within":[56],"12":[57],"hours":[58],"had":[60],"a":[61,65,129,267],"live":[62],"fetus":[63],"gestational":[66,138,284],"age":[67,139,229],"28-36":[69],"weeks":[70],"were":[71,79,100,140,150,155,160],"studied.":[72],"The":[73,241,258],"commonly":[76],"isolated":[77,200],"pathogens":[78],"documented.":[80],"Culture":[81],"confirmed":[82,245],"vaginal":[83,96,111],"was":[86,115,178,199,230,252],"defined":[87],"as":[88,122],"growth":[89],"any":[91],"predefined":[92],"organism":[93,288],"on":[94,103],"high":[95],"swab":[97,185],"culture.":[98],"Participants":[99],"not":[101],"selected":[102],"basis":[105],"positive":[107],"culture":[108,244,259],"or":[109],"suspected":[110],"infection.":[112],"Data":[113],"analysis":[114],"performed":[116],"using":[117],"IBM-SPSS":[118],"26.0,":[119],"taking":[120],"p<0.05":[121],"signficiant":[123],"for":[124],"inferential":[125],"statistics.":[126],"Results:":[127],"In":[128],"women,":[133,204],"median":[135],"age,":[136],"29.0":[141],"(27.0-32.0)":[142],"33.0":[145],"(30.0-35.0)":[146],"weeks,":[147],"respectively.":[148],"There":[149],"23":[151],"(20.7%)":[152],"primparous,":[156],"while":[157],"88":[158],"(79.3%)":[159],"multiparous.":[161],"Evaluation":[162],"socio-economic":[164,174],"status":[165],"revealed":[166],"that":[167],"(30.5%)":[169],"belonged":[171],"low":[173],"status.":[175],"Residential":[176],"affiliation":[177],"rural":[179],"among":[180,254],"69":[181],"(62.8%)":[182],"women.":[183,194,227],"Vaginal":[184],"cultures":[186],"yielded":[187],"identifiable":[188],"microorganisms":[189],"all":[191],"(100%)":[193],"Escherichia":[195],"coli":[196],"(E.":[197],"coli)":[198],"32":[202],"(28.8%)":[203],"Enterococcus":[205],"faecalis":[206],"22":[208],"(19.8%),":[209],"Group":[210],"B":[211],"streptococcus":[212],"18":[214],"(16.2%),":[215],"Staphylococcus":[216,222],"aureus":[217],"19":[219],"(17.1%),":[220],"haemolyticus":[223],"(8.0%)":[226],"Gestational":[228],"observed":[231],"have":[233],"significant":[234],"association":[235],"distribution":[238],"(p=0.011).":[239],"Conclusion:":[240],"universal":[253],"PPROM.":[257],"profile":[260],"this":[264],"supports":[266],"mixed":[268],"aerobic":[269],"colonisation":[270],"pattern":[271],"substantial":[273],"contributions":[274],"E.":[276],"coli,":[277],"enterococci,":[278],"GBS,":[279],"staphylococci,":[281],"demonstrates":[283],"age-related":[285],"differences":[286],"distribution.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}