{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204173302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","title":"Postoperative Morbidity of Facial Fracture Repair: A National Big-Data Analysis of 4805 Cases Across 16 Years","display_name":"Postoperative Morbidity of Facial Fracture Repair: A National Big-Data Analysis of 4805 Cases Across 16 Years","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204173302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42640604"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36642063","display_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","issn_l":"1049-2275","issn":["1049-2275","1536-3732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081766747","display_name":"Georgios Karamitros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-8539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-8539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Karamitros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2208-8539","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092386314","display_name":"Armin Catic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-6418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7833-6418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259469","display_name":"Centre for Big Data Research in Health","ror":"https://ror.org/029g70m06","country_code":"AU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405259469"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armin Catic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571","https://openalex.org/I4405259469"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079656808","display_name":"Izabela A. Galdyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2938-8331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Izabela Galdyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030601870","display_name":"Michael Samuel Golinko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-1915","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0715-1915"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Golinko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133366324","display_name":"Matthew Pontell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew Pontell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094980112","display_name":"Stephane A. Braun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-2646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8560-2646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephane A. Braun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042302412","display_name":"William Charles Lineaweaver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-1864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-1864","https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0769-6771"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I901861585","display_name":"Vanderbilt University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05dq2gs74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162197","https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William C. Lineaweaver","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I901861585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045741414","display_name":"Richard J. Redett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-5972","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0082-5972"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard J. Redett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033997225","display_name":"Sebastiano Barbieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-372X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-372X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastiano Barbieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queensland Digital Health Center, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queensland Digital Health Center, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030751946","display_name":"Gregory A. Lamaris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-2041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-2041"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1315496137","display_name":"University of Maryland Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00sde4n60","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1315496137","https://openalex.org/I14285509"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory A. Lamaris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, R. Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1315496137"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69636544,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11562","display_name":"Facial Trauma and Fracture Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11562","display_name":"Facial Trauma and Fracture Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10658","display_name":"Bone fractures and treatments","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10776","display_name":"Spinal Fractures and Fixation Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postoperative-morbidity","display_name":"postoperative morbidity","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-site-infection","display_name":"surgical site infection","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wound-dehiscence","display_name":"wound dehiscence","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unplanned-return-to-operating-room","display_name":"unplanned return to operating room","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandibular-fractures","display_name":"mandibular fractures","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zygomatic-fractures","display_name":"zygomatic fractures","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orbital-fractures","display_name":"orbital fractures","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/le-fort-fractures","display_name":"Le Fort fractures","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-factors","display_name":"risk factors","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoking","display_name":"smoking","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asa-class","display_name":"ASA class","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operative-time","display_name":"operative time","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wound-contamination","display_name":"wound contamination","score":0.9179999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31174226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q64855140","display_name":"Perioperative","level":2,"score":0.6891999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5982000231742859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108516343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189553","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology","level":2,"score":0.5802000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.5358999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81182388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963","display_name":"Complication","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.4918999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137762411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182442","display_name":"Plastic surgery","level":2,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777356073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3632931","display_name":"Facial trauma","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.30379998683929443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61434518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932510","display_name":"General surgery","level":1,"score":0.28540000319480896}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36642063","display_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","issn_l":"1049-2275","issn":["1049-2275","1536-3732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42640604","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42640604","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of craniofacial surgery","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000013319","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36642063","display_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","issn_l":"1049-2275","issn":["1049-2275","1536-3732"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Craniofacial Surgery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1048885802","https://openalex.org/W1525501631","https://openalex.org/W1970958207","https://openalex.org/W2021613300","https://openalex.org/W2035668440","https://openalex.org/W2035965844","https://openalex.org/W2036454188","https://openalex.org/W2060350441","https://openalex.org/W2077671294","https://openalex.org/W2087802543","https://openalex.org/W2090973499","https://openalex.org/W2096998881","https://openalex.org/W2107045626","https://openalex.org/W2145731452","https://openalex.org/W2149416083","https://openalex.org/W2163278718","https://openalex.org/W2275737843","https://openalex.org/W2324400829","https://openalex.org/W2796369765","https://openalex.org/W2803191109","https://openalex.org/W2818310578","https://openalex.org/W2892248557","https://openalex.org/W2906684818","https://openalex.org/W2990903264","https://openalex.org/W2992747181","https://openalex.org/W3010168278","https://openalex.org/W4296185556","https://openalex.org/W4385898748","https://openalex.org/W4409795951","https://openalex.org/W4414040462","https://openalex.org/W4414559242","https://openalex.org/W4417508407","https://openalex.org/W7125503392","https://openalex.org/W7140280215","https://openalex.org/W7141674216","https://openalex.org/W7163879986"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"National":[1],"data":[2],"on":[3],"short-term":[4],"morbidity":[5,85,108,176],"after":[6,99],"facial":[7],"fracture":[8],"repair":[9,34],"remain":[10],"limited,":[11],"and":[12,56,63,76,96,101,143,172,202,210],"the":[13,67],"trajectory":[14],"of":[15,35,107,157],"postoperative":[16],"risk":[17,216],"amid":[18],"increasing":[19,144,169],"case":[20],"complexity":[21,195,223],"is":[22],"unclear.":[23],"METHODS:":[24],"Using":[25],"ACS-NSQIP":[26],"(2007-2022),":[27],"we":[28],"identified":[29,73],"4805":[30],"adults":[31],"undergoing":[32],"operative":[33,134,173],"mandibular,":[36],"zygomaticomaxillary":[37],"complex":[38],"(ZMC),":[39],"orbital,":[40],"LeFort,":[41],"or":[42,48],"multiple":[43],"fractures":[44,95],"performed":[45],"by":[46],"plastic":[47,150],"otolaryngologic":[49],"surgeons.":[50],"Thirty-day":[51],"outcomes":[52,220],"included":[53,109],"superficial,":[54],"deep,":[55],"organ-space":[57],"surgical":[58,84,203],"site":[59],"infections,":[60],"wound":[61,145],"dehiscence,":[62],"unplanned":[64],"return":[65],"to":[66,181,218],"operating":[68],"room.":[69],"Multivariable":[70],"logistic":[71],"regression":[72],"independent":[74],"predictors":[75,106],"assessed":[77],"temporal":[78,187],"trends.":[79],"RESULTS:":[80],"The":[81],"primary":[82],"30-day":[83],"rate":[86],"was":[87,152],"6.7%.":[88],"Complications":[89],"were":[90],"most":[91],"frequent":[92,98],"following":[93],"mandibular":[94],"least":[97],"ZMC":[100],"orbital":[102],"repairs":[103],"(P<0.001).":[104],"Independent":[105],"smoking":[110],"[adjusted":[111],"odds":[112,156],"ratio":[113],"(aOR):":[114],"1.43;":[115],"95%":[116,140,164],"CI:":[117,141,165],"1.09-1.89],":[118],"higher":[119],"ASA":[120,125,128],"class":[121],"(ASA":[122],"II:":[123],"1.94;":[124],"III:":[126],"2.78;":[127],"IV:":[129],"3.67;":[130],"all":[131],"P<0.05),":[132],"longer":[133],"time":[135],"(per":[136],"hour:":[137],"aOR:":[138],"1.20;":[139],"1.17-1.24),":[142],"contamination.":[146],"Within":[147],"NSQIP-captured":[148],"cases,":[149],"surgery":[151],"associated":[153],"with":[154,160],"lower":[155],"complications":[158],"compared":[159],"otolaryngology":[161],"(aOR:":[162],"0.74;":[163],"0.55-0.98;":[166],"P=0.034).":[167],"Despite":[168],"patient":[170],"acuity":[171],"complexity,":[174],"risk-adjusted":[175,212],"remained":[177],"stable":[178],"at":[179],"\u223c6%":[180],"7%":[182],"annually":[183],"without":[184],"a":[185],"significant":[186],"trend.":[188],"CONCLUSIONS:":[189],"Stable":[190],"complication":[191],"rates":[192],"despite":[193],"rising":[194],"likely":[196],"reflect":[197],"advances":[198],"in":[199],"perioperative":[200],"care":[201],"management.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"establish":[207],"contemporary":[208],"benchmarks":[209],"support":[211],"strategies":[213],"targeting":[214],"modifiable":[215],"factors":[217],"sustain":[219],"as":[221],"clinical":[222],"increases.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}