{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204171026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","title":"A Change in the Fine-to-Coarse Fraction in a Gobi Desert Town: Evidence for an Emerging Mixed Dust\u2013Pollution Aerosol Pattern","display_name":"A Change in the Fine-to-Coarse Fraction in a Gobi Desert Town: Evidence for an Emerging Mixed Dust\u2013Pollution Aerosol Pattern","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204171026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EGUsphere","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","any_repository_has_fulltext":null},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065470176","display_name":"Erdenebayar Munkhtsetseg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-1924","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-1924"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erdenebayar Munkhtsetseg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nagoya University (Nagoya, Japan)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9775-1924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nagoya University (Nagoya, Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060237163","display_name":"Atsushi Shimizu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-7412","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-7412","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8307-2461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200202764","display_name":"National Institute for Environmental Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02hw5fp67","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200202764"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Shimizu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Environmental Studies (Tsukuba, Japan)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Environmental Studies (Tsukuba, Japan)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200202764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039432451","display_name":"Atsushi Matsuki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-414X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-414X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10091056","display_name":"Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hwp6a56","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286601","display_name":"Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kk69n59","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10091056","https://openalex.org/I4405286601"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atshushi Matsuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7968-414X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10091056","https://openalex.org/I4405286601"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050133077","display_name":"Dashdondog Batdorj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-1006","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7172-1006"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dashdondog Batdorj","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring (NAMEM), Juulchny gudamj-5, Chingeltei district, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Agency for Meteorology and Environmental Monitoring (NAMEM), Juulchny gudamj-5, Chingeltei district, Ulaanbaatar 15160, Mongolia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066492311","display_name":"Bayanjargal Darkhijav","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-0613","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-0613"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64222039","display_name":"National University of Mongolia","ror":"https://ror.org/04855bv47","country_code":"MN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64222039"]}],"countries":["MN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Darkhijav Bayanjargal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-0613","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64222039"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056087384","display_name":"Hitoshi Matsui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-0879","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-0879"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405286970","display_name":"Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q89ef03","country_code":"JP","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405286970","https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitoshi Matsui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division for Meteorological and Atmospheric Research, The Institute for Space\u2013Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0376-0879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division for Meteorological and Atmospheric Research, The Institute for Space\u2013Earth Environmental Research (ISEE), Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405286970","https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060237163","https://openalex.org/A5065470176"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200202764","https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.701200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.701200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.2827000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12383","display_name":"Aeolian processes and effects","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gobi-desert-dust","display_name":"Gobi Desert dust","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm2-5","display_name":"PM2.5","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pm10","display_name":"PM10","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-dust","display_name":"mineral dust","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-aerosols","display_name":"anthropogenic aerosols","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-lifetime","display_name":"atmospheric lifetime","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-range-transport","display_name":"long-range transport","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulaanbaatar","display_name":"Ulaanbaatar","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/winter-aerosol","display_name":"winter aerosol","score":0.328000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.8378000259399414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778712887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102836","display_name":"Spring (device)","level":2,"score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6775000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6614999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160529264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11942233","display_name":"Mineral dust","level":3,"score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776130869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361649","display_name":"Desert (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5030999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24245907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q498957","display_name":"Particulates","level":2,"score":0.3993000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149849071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1263816","display_name":"Chemical composition","level":2,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.34209999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3133000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.27649998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985143073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287919","display_name":"Atmospheric composition","level":3,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101991246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422078","display_name":"Extinction (optical mineralogy)","level":2,"score":0.26330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EGUsphere","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4685","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"EGUsphere","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.821399986743927,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3113357577","https://openalex.org/W2064752324","https://openalex.org/W1964070573","https://openalex.org/W2031334746","https://openalex.org/W1976219605","https://openalex.org/W2375247505","https://openalex.org/W3002846382","https://openalex.org/W2737461658","https://openalex.org/W3022915918","https://openalex.org/W4415069943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract.":[0],"Mineral":[1],"dust":[2,108,173,198],"from":[3],"the":[4,10,15,26,31,53,64,143,149,166,191],"Gobi":[5,54,197],"Desert":[6,55],"is":[7,21,29],"one":[8],"of":[9,39,196],"largest":[11],"natural":[12,172],"contributors":[13],"to":[14,62,117],"global":[16],"aerosol":[17,33],"burden,":[18],"yet":[19],"it":[20],"unknown":[22],"whether":[23],"urbanisation":[24],"within":[25],"source":[27],"region":[28],"altering":[30],"fine-to-coarse":[32],"ratio.":[34],"We":[35],"analysed":[36],"13":[37],"years":[38],"PM2.5":[40,68,73,113],"and":[41,49,69,76,79,88,93,123,151,171,176,186,189],"PM10":[42,102],"observations":[43],"at":[44,169,174],"four":[45],"sites:":[46],"Ulaanbaatar":[47],"(UB)":[48],"three":[50],"sites":[51],"in":[52,74,86,162,180,199],"(Dalanzadgad,":[56],"DZ;":[57],"Zamyn-Uud,":[58],"ZU;":[59],"Sainshand,":[60],"SS),":[61],"investigate":[63],"relationship":[65],"between":[66,148],"winter":[67,112],"spring":[70,101,128,145],"r-ratio.":[71],"Winter":[72],"UB":[75,170],"DZ":[77,181],"(112\u00b145":[78],"80\u00b122":[80],"\u03bcg":[81,95,105,119],"m\u22123)":[82,120],"substantially":[83],"exceeded":[84],"values":[85],"ZU":[87,175],"SS":[89],"(19":[90],"\u00b1":[91],"5":[92],"<5":[94],"m\u22123),":[96],"reflecting":[97],"anthropogenic":[98,167],"dominance,":[99],"while":[100],"reached":[103],"467\u2013649":[104],"m\u22123":[106],"during":[107],"peaks.":[109],"In":[110],"DZ,":[111,163],"increased":[114],"1.6-fold":[115],"(65":[116],"102":[118],"after":[121],"2014":[122],"was":[124],"significantly":[125],"correlated":[126],"with":[127,142,165],"r-ratio":[129,146],"(r":[130],"=":[131,134],"0.69,":[132],"p":[133],"0.05).":[135],"This":[136],"association":[137],"persisted":[138],"under":[139],"strong-wind":[140],"conditions,":[141],"elevated":[144],"retained":[147],"pre-":[150],"post-2014":[152],"periods.":[153],"These":[154],"findings":[155],"indicate":[156],"an":[157],"emerging":[158],"mixed":[159],"dust\u2013pollution":[160],"regime":[161,168],"coexisting":[164],"SS.":[177],"Fine-particle":[178],"enrichment":[179],"suggests":[182],"longer":[183],"atmospheric":[184],"lifetimes":[185],"transport":[187],"distances":[188],"challenges":[190],"assumed":[192],"net":[193],"cooling":[194],"effect":[195],"urbanised":[200],"areas,":[201],"which":[202],"warrants":[203],"investigation":[204],"through":[205],"chemical":[206],"composition":[207],"measurements.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}