{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204166977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","title":"Virtual Tours as Immersive Digital Promotion Tools for Tourism Destinations and Higher Education Institutions: A Narrative Review","display_name":"Virtual Tours as Immersive Digital Promotion Tools for Tourism Destinations and Higher Education Institutions: A Narrative Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204166977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","pdf_url":"https://ejpi.uis.edu.my/index.php/ejpi/article/download/425/336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621892","display_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","issn_l":"2289-7909","issn":["2289-7909"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","host_organization_name":"Selangor Islamic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ejpi.uis.edu.my/index.php/ejpi/article/download/425/336","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057265829","display_name":"Helyawati Baharudin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","display_name":"Selangor Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkd8x05","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Helyawati Baharudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Islam Selangor"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Islam Selangor","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053330313","display_name":"Khodijah Abdul Rahman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khodijah Abd Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAN INOVASI ISLAMIC INNOVATION CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY , UIS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAN INOVASI ISLAMIC INNOVATION CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY , UIS","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148176508","display_name":"Siti Zahrah Mohid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Zahrah Mohid","raw_affiliation_strings":["DAN INOVASI ISLAMIC INNOVATION CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY , UIS"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DAN INOVASI ISLAMIC INNOVATION CENTER FOR TECHNOLOGY , UIS","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038550662","display_name":"Farhana Abdullah Asuhaimi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farhana Abdullah Asuhaimi","raw_affiliation_strings":[","],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":",","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092975882","display_name":"Siti Rohaida Alimin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","display_name":"Selangor Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkd8x05","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siti Rohaida Alimin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Creative Multimedia , Faculty of Creative Multimedia and Computing , Universiti Islam Selangor , 43000 Kajang , Selangor , Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Creative Multimedia , Faculty of Creative Multimedia and Computing , Universiti Islam Selangor , 43000 Kajang , Selangor , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064702777","display_name":"Nor Musliza Mustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-9611","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-9611"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","display_name":"Selangor Islamic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00vkd8x05","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nor Musliza Mustafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Computing , Faculty of Creative Multimedia and Computing , Universiti Islam Selangor , 43000 Kajang , Selangor , Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Computing , Faculty of Creative Multimedia and Computing , Universiti Islam Selangor , 43000 Kajang , Selangor , Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"2","first_page":"204","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.3328000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.3328000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1409","display_name":"Tourism, Leisure and Hospitality Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10609","display_name":"Digital Marketing and Social Media","score":0.3034999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1406","display_name":"Marketing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.2992999851703644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-tour","display_name":"virtual tour","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersive-technologies","display_name":"immersive technologies","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-destination-promotion","display_name":"tourism destination promotion","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-recruitment","display_name":"student recruitment","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visit-intention","display_name":"visit intention","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enrollment-intention","display_name":"enrollment intention","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-engagement","display_name":"user engagement","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/presence-and-immersion","display_name":"immersion and presence","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/destination-image","display_name":"destination image","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-image","display_name":"institutional image","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-satisfaction","display_name":"user satisfaction","score":0.7400000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-readiness","display_name":"technology readiness","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-marketing","display_name":"digital marketing","score":0.5109999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.722100019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.6575999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.6337000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776687071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5265193","display_name":"Destinations","level":3,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199033989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318295","display_name":"Narrative","level":2,"score":0.49720001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.4562999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.43369999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98495876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323528","display_name":"Digital marketing","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3246999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60952562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887246","display_name":"Mobile technology","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.30239999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992285014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570116","display_name":"Tourist destinations","level":4,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019565508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444835","display_name":"Virtual world","level":2,"score":0.29339998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65067816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295139","display_name":"Computer-assisted web interviewing","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16759151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094111","display_name":"Online presence management","level":3,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61904560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148359","display_name":"Grey literature","level":3,"score":0.2705000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75545042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350203","display_name":"Tourism geography","level":3,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780814955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6500387","display_name":"Study abroad","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.2567000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","pdf_url":"https://ejpi.uis.edu.my/index.php/ejpi/article/download/425/336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621892","display_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","issn_l":"2289-7909","issn":["2289-7909"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","host_organization_name":"Selangor Islamic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.53840/e-jpi.v13i2.425","pdf_url":"https://ejpi.uis.edu.my/index.php/ejpi/article/download/425/336","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4386621892","display_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","issn_l":"2289-7909","issn":["2289-7909"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I93189275","host_organization_name":"Selangor Islamic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93189275"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"e-Jurnal Penyelidikan dan Inovasi","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204166977.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204166977.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2159538290","https://openalex.org/W2239104709","https://openalex.org/W2883699520","https://openalex.org/W2964523010","https://openalex.org/W2965175156","https://openalex.org/W2978782252","https://openalex.org/W3001201849","https://openalex.org/W3166143484","https://openalex.org/W4283271963","https://openalex.org/W4315650939","https://openalex.org/W4320527588","https://openalex.org/W4377139259","https://openalex.org/W4377148565","https://openalex.org/W4386254538","https://openalex.org/W4386892373","https://openalex.org/W4390824052","https://openalex.org/W4392312400","https://openalex.org/W4404612696","https://openalex.org/W4409571940","https://openalex.org/W4413118943","https://openalex.org/W4414679465","https://openalex.org/W4414711124","https://openalex.org/W4414799294","https://openalex.org/W4416941831","https://openalex.org/W7083301586","https://openalex.org/W7105615329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294488623","https://openalex.org/W7223104167","https://openalex.org/W6990906370","https://openalex.org/W4410921867","https://openalex.org/W6946109648","https://openalex.org/W4405869445","https://openalex.org/W4416046782","https://openalex.org/W4378374047","https://openalex.org/W4404147175","https://openalex.org/W2165526490"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtual":[0,128,153],"tours":[1,122,129,154],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,123],"useful":[5],"digital":[6],"promotional":[7,79,126,198],"tools":[8],"for":[9,197,247],"vacation":[10],"sites":[11],"and":[12,71,81,102,115,135,137,165,170,188,206,209,213,216,226,232,252],"higher":[13,116,147,156,253],"education":[14,117,157,254],"institutions":[15],"that":[16,88],"allow":[17],"viewers":[18],"to":[19,74,161,167],"explore":[20],"actual":[21],"venues":[22],"without":[23,49],"geographic":[24],"or":[25,46],"cost":[26,101],"limits.":[27],"Despite":[28],"the":[29,54,110,163],"widespread":[30],"use":[31],"of":[32,68,93,98,109,144],"virtual":[33,76,121],"tours,":[34],"research":[35,63],"has":[36],"largely":[37],"looked":[38],"at":[39],"them":[40],"in":[41,44,47,130,150,155],"isolation,":[42],"either":[43],"tourism":[45,113,131,250],"education,":[48],"a":[50,124],"comparative":[51],"assessment":[52],"across":[53,200],"two":[55],"sectors.":[56],"This":[57],"narrative":[58],"review":[59,238],"synthesizes":[60],"70":[61],"peer-reviewed":[62],"(2009\u20132024)":[64],"from":[65],"Scopus,":[66],"Web":[67],"Science,":[69],"ScienceDirect,":[70],"Google":[72],"Scholar":[73],"analyze":[75],"tour":[77],"applications,":[78],"outcomes,":[80],"factors":[82],"determining":[83],"their":[84],"success.":[85],"Results":[86],"show":[87],"360-degree":[89],"panoramic":[90],"technology":[91,186],"(50%":[92],"tests)":[94],"is":[95,174,220],"predominant":[96],"because":[97],"its":[99],"inexpensive":[100],"wide":[103],"device":[104],"compatibility.":[105],"The":[106,237],"main":[107],"areas":[108],"corpus":[111],"are":[112,195],"(46%)":[114],"(44%),":[118],"which":[119],"confirms":[120],"cross-domain":[125],"instrument.":[127],"boost":[132],"site":[133],"awareness":[134],"curiosity,":[136],"aid":[138],"pre-visit":[139],"decision":[140],"making,":[141],"with":[142,228,244],"90%":[143],"participants":[145],"reporting":[146],"visit":[148,212],"intention":[149],"one":[151],"study.":[152],"help":[158,166],"students":[159],"get":[160],"know":[162],"institution":[164],"recruit":[168],"remote":[169],"foreign":[171],"students.":[172],"Effectiveness":[173],"always":[175],"determined":[176],"by":[177],"four":[178],"elements,":[179],"including":[180],"technological":[181],"quality,":[182],"content":[183],"richness,":[184],"user":[185,203,217],"readiness,":[187],"organisational":[189],"marketing":[190,248],"strategy.":[191],"Five":[192],"common":[193],"themes":[194],"found":[196],"outcomes":[199],"both":[201],"domains:":[202],"engagement,":[204],"immersion":[205],"presence,":[207],"destination":[208],"institutional":[210],"image,":[211],"enrollment":[214],"intention,":[215],"satisfaction.":[218],"Research":[219],"heavily":[221],"centered":[222],"on":[223],"Southeast":[224],"Asia":[225,234],"Europe,":[227],"Africa,":[229],"Latin":[230],"America,":[231],"Central":[233],"critically":[235],"underrepresented.":[236],"provides":[239],"an":[240],"integrated":[241],"cross-sector":[242],"approach":[243],"practical":[245],"consequences":[246],"practitioners,":[249],"companies,":[251],"institutions.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}