{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204166263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","title":"Comparing Developmental Outcomes of Autistic Preschoolers Across Special and Mainstream Educational Settings","display_name":"Comparing Developmental Outcomes of Autistic Preschoolers Across Special and Mainstream Educational Settings","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204166263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/25/2026.08.23.26361140.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/25/2026.08.23.26361140.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119474583","display_name":"Moran Naama Bachrach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6179-4304","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6179-4304"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moran Bachrach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043835001","display_name":"Michal Ilan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3231","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8774-3231"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800633300","display_name":"Soroka Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003sphj24","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300","https://openalex.org/I64767286"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Ilan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073040752","display_name":"Michal Faroy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800633300","display_name":"Soroka Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003sphj24","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300","https://openalex.org/I64767286"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Faroy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110820586","display_name":"Analya Michaelovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-8382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2989-8382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800633300","display_name":"Soroka Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003sphj24","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300","https://openalex.org/I64767286"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Analya Michaelovsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zusman Child Development Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zusman Child Development Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094079252","display_name":"Dikla Zagdon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800633300","display_name":"Soroka Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003sphj24","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300","https://openalex.org/I64767286"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dikla Zagdon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067498178","display_name":"Yair Sadaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-4020","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-4020"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802540905","display_name":"Israel Ministry of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/016n0q862","country_code":"IL","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802540905"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yair Sadaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child Development Center, Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child Development Center, Ministry of Health, Beer-Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802540905"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005640400","display_name":"Omer Bar Yosef","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799810450","display_name":"Sheba Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/020rzx487","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799810450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Bar Yosef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Pediatric Neurology Units of Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pediatric Neurology Units of Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799810450"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003561104","display_name":"Adi Avniel Aran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-4689","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-4689"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801962034","display_name":"Shaare Zedek Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04d0szq68","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801962034"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802879425","display_name":"Bikur Cholim Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/03zpnb459","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802879425"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adi Aran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuropediatric Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801962034","https://openalex.org/I2802879425"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021594182","display_name":"Michal Begin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michal Begin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child Development Center, Leumit Healthcare Services, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child Development Center, Leumit Healthcare Services, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091541097","display_name":"Ditza A. Zachor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-2487","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1766-2487"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114157","display_name":"Assaf Harofeh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02722hp10","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114157"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ditza Zachor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I4210114157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045281919","display_name":"Einat Avni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-2431","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2559-2431"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114157","display_name":"Assaf Harofeh Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02722hp10","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114157"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Einat Avni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Autism Center/ALUT, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Zerifin, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192","https://openalex.org/I4210114157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084759242","display_name":"Judah Koller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-9751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9342-9751"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197251160","display_name":"Hebrew University of Jerusalem","ror":"https://ror.org/03qxff017","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Judah Koller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Seymour Fox School of Education, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Seymour Fox School of Education, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197251160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078879548","display_name":"Idan Menashe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-1461","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-1461"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Idan Menashe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Public Health Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public Health Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034665709","display_name":"Tamar Kolodny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-1766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0163-1766"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tamar Kolodny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072951960","display_name":"Ilan Dinstein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-5209","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-5209"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ilan Dinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078754655","display_name":"Gal Meiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-4588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-4588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124227911","display_name":"Ben-Gurion University of the Negev","ror":"https://ror.org/05tkyf982","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800633300","display_name":"Soroka Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/003sphj24","country_code":"IL","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300","https://openalex.org/I64767286"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gal Meiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Azrieli National Centre for Autism and Neurodevelopment Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Child and Adolescents Psychiatry Unit, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800633300"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119474583"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124227911"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10106","display_name":"Autism Spectrum Disorder Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-spectrum-disorder","display_name":"autism spectrum disorder","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-children","display_name":"preschool children","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/special-education","display_name":"special education","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inclusive-education","display_name":"inclusive education","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mainstream-education","display_name":"mainstream education","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autism-severity","display_name":"autism severity","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-attention","display_name":"joint attention","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-ability","display_name":"verbal ability","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-behavior","display_name":"adaptive behavior","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aberrant-behavior","display_name":"aberrant behavior","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-development","display_name":"cognitive development","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-trajectories","display_name":"developmental trajectories","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-intervention","display_name":"early intervention","score":0.4339999854564667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205778803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38404","display_name":"Autism","level":2,"score":0.8421000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7401000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.7172999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777617010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18957","display_name":"Mainstream","level":2,"score":0.6488000154495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020552372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079090","display_name":"Typically developing","level":3,"score":0.5194000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137878579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9636076","display_name":"Joint attention","level":3,"score":0.4821000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154482161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2251268","display_name":"Mainstreaming","level":3,"score":0.4226999878883362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28858896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212105","display_name":"Special education","level":2,"score":0.38909998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778594975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3087172","display_name":"Developmental disorder","level":3,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992824598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076052","display_name":"Preschool education","level":2,"score":0.35269999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109260823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407784","display_name":"Child development","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993245651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570691","display_name":"Adaptive functioning","level":2,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778538070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436063","display_name":"Autism spectrum disorder","level":3,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.2669000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178229462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472221","display_name":"Early childhood education","level":2,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910496060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680720","display_name":"Adaptive behaviour","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/25/2026.08.23.26361140.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.23.26361140","pdf_url":"https://www.medrxiv.org/content/medrxiv/early/2026/08/25/2026.08.23.26361140.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3005729997","display_name":"medRxiv","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315909"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"medRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"},{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323139","display_name":"Azrieli Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/009svts64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204166263.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204166263.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065950386","https://openalex.org/W4315754019","https://openalex.org/W4413824484","https://openalex.org/W194213840","https://openalex.org/W4309617316","https://openalex.org/W7126233637","https://openalex.org/W2112121435","https://openalex.org/W7099094773","https://openalex.org/W2030564914","https://openalex.org/W3091578051"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,39],"many":[2],"high-income":[3],"countries,":[4],"autistic":[5,47,155,200],"children":[6,48,137,146,156,179],"attend":[7],"preschools":[8],"ranging":[9],"from":[10,183],"exclusive":[11],"special":[12],"education":[13,18],"(SE)":[14],"to":[15,27,33,176,191,195],"inclusive":[16],"mainstream":[17],"(ME).":[19],"These":[20,151],"settings":[21,52],"differ":[22],"in":[23,53,138,147,157],"staff":[24],"expertise,":[25],"capacity":[26],"implement":[28],"structured":[29],"autism":[30,87],"interventions,":[31],"exposure":[32],"typically":[34],"developing":[35],"peers,":[36],"and":[37,67,76,96,109,123,159,187,190],"cost.":[38],"this":[40],"prospective":[41],"longitudinal":[42],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"compared":[45],"119":[46],"across":[49,102,120],"three":[50],"preschool":[51,81,169,197],"southern":[54],"Israel:":[55],"SE":[56,64,139,148,160],"with":[57,104,140],"TABAM":[58,141],"services,":[59],"an":[60],"extended":[61],"intervention":[62,188],"program;":[63],"without":[65,149],"TABAM;":[66],"ME.":[68],"Children":[69],"completed":[70],"behavioral":[71],"assessments":[72],"at":[73],"the":[74],"beginning":[75],"end":[77],"of":[78,85],"their":[79,167],"first":[80,168],"year,":[82],"yielding":[83],"measures":[84],"cognition,":[86],"symptom":[88],"severity,":[89],"joint":[90],"attention,":[91],"verbal":[92,134],"abilities,":[93],"adaptive":[94],"behaviors,":[95],"aberrant":[97],"behaviors.":[98],"Developmental":[99],"trajectories":[100,165],"varied":[101],"children,":[103],"some":[105],"demonstrating":[106],"marked":[107],"gains":[108,144],"others":[110],"showing":[111],"limited":[112],"progress.":[113],"On":[114],"average,":[115],"developmental":[116,164],"changes":[117],"were":[118,124],"modest":[119],"most":[121],"domains":[122],"not":[125],"explained":[126],"by":[127],"educational":[128,185],"setting.":[129],"The":[130],"only":[131],"exception":[132],"was":[133],"ability,":[135],"where":[136],"showed":[142],"greater":[143],"than":[145],"TABAM.":[150],"findings":[152],"suggest":[153],"that":[154],"ME":[158],"demonstrated":[161],"broadly":[162],"similar":[163],"during":[166],"year.":[170],"Further":[171],"large-scale":[172],"research":[173],"is":[174],"needed":[175],"identify":[177],"which":[178],"may":[180],"benefit":[181],"more":[182],"specific":[184],"environments":[186],"approaches,":[189],"inform":[192],"ongoing":[193],"efforts":[194],"optimize":[196],"services":[198],"for":[199],"children.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}