{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204160361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","title":"\u201cSwimming in the Dark\u201d: A Q Methodology Study on the Career Development Needs of Doctoral Students in U.S. HRD Programs","display_name":"\u201cSwimming in the Dark\u201d: A Q Methodology Study on the Career Development Needs of Doctoral Students in U.S. HRD Programs","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204160361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15234223261480245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49321836","display_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","issn_l":"1523-4223","issn":["1523-4223","1552-3055"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W7204160361"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059852901","display_name":"Eunbi Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-7213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-7213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I120156002","display_name":"Boise State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e3zdp86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eunbi Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boise State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-7213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boise State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059475684","display_name":"Cynthia Mignonne Sims","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-9943","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-9943"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia M. Sims","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Georgia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7195-9943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119291404","display_name":"Hoda Parvaneh Shirazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6050-3474","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6050-3474"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoda Parvaneh Shirazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas A&M University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6050-3474","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas A&M University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034689124","display_name":"Stephanie Twin Sisco","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-0815","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-0815"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Sisco","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Minnesota -Twin Cities"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7771-0815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota -Twin Cities","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025792384","display_name":"Jeremy William Bohonos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-8921","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-8921"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13511017","display_name":"Texas State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h9q1g27","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy W. Bohonos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas State University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-8921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13511017"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086187318","display_name":"Kevin J. Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-4633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-4633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin J. Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purdue University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0403-4633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047219568","display_name":"Matthew W. Hurtienne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-7525","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6101-7525"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I221716585","display_name":"The University of Texas at Tyler","ror":"https://ror.org/01azfw069","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew W. Hurtienne","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Texas at Tyler"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Texas at Tyler","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I221716585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059852901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I120156002"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"fwci":4.9358,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90030812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"4","first_page":"229","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11832","display_name":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11832","display_name":"Doctoral Education Challenges and Solutions","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11756","display_name":"Mentoring and Academic Development","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development-needs","display_name":"career development needs","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-development-education","display_name":"human resource development education","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-development-support","display_name":"career support","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-appointments","display_name":"faculty appointments","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/well-being","display_name":"well-being","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-well-being","display_name":"financial well-being","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-aspirations","display_name":"career aspirations","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doctoral-student-support","display_name":"doctoral student support","score":0.3199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777247013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038939","display_name":"Career development","level":2,"score":0.7944999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179861144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2168094","display_name":"Varimax rotation","level":4,"score":0.73580002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5523999929428101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170276225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167942","display_name":"Career portfolio","level":3,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5275999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.447299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51067260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828812","display_name":"Professional development","level":2,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50556499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141165","display_name":"Cognitive Information Processing","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.32760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3188000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.3147999942302704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777132934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q348960","display_name":"Training and development","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776509339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4671161","display_name":"Academic advising","level":3,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28718268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118620","display_name":"Needs assessment","level":2,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777393702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741939","display_name":"Career counseling","level":2,"score":0.2646999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2572000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/15234223261480245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49321836","display_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","issn_l":"1523-4223","issn":["1523-4223","1552-3055"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/15234223261480245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15234223261480245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S49321836","display_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","issn_l":"1523-4223","issn":["1523-4223","1552-3055"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-c","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Developing Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7567999958992004,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283415213","https://openalex.org/W1561230046","https://openalex.org/W1966644445","https://openalex.org/W1991330802","https://openalex.org/W2012067869","https://openalex.org/W2022039663","https://openalex.org/W2027738039","https://openalex.org/W2028892257","https://openalex.org/W2042145537","https://openalex.org/W2059894290","https://openalex.org/W2098534719","https://openalex.org/W2126035085","https://openalex.org/W2163794951","https://openalex.org/W2315971914","https://openalex.org/W2322986781","https://openalex.org/W2336633787","https://openalex.org/W2496196086","https://openalex.org/W2592730063","https://openalex.org/W2594673859","https://openalex.org/W2605244829","https://openalex.org/W2749020144","https://openalex.org/W2771316885","https://openalex.org/W2972728607","https://openalex.org/W2981635379","https://openalex.org/W2987303421","https://openalex.org/W3003274588","https://openalex.org/W3020972445","https://openalex.org/W3094042118","https://openalex.org/W3126123654","https://openalex.org/W3131630605","https://openalex.org/W3162785261","https://openalex.org/W4200240007","https://openalex.org/W4205545257","https://openalex.org/W4206512811","https://openalex.org/W4214922993","https://openalex.org/W4229030255","https://openalex.org/W4254347811","https://openalex.org/W4292542163","https://openalex.org/W4298332019","https://openalex.org/W4309922699","https://openalex.org/W4311446659","https://openalex.org/W4316654580","https://openalex.org/W4387742856","https://openalex.org/W4391692910","https://openalex.org/W4400907863","https://openalex.org/W4403850631","https://openalex.org/W4405880658"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772045990","https://openalex.org/W307815389","https://openalex.org/W4408829153","https://openalex.org/W7027050248","https://openalex.org/W4327814206","https://openalex.org/W2975018464","https://openalex.org/W3158021435","https://openalex.org/W2346000058","https://openalex.org/W2322986781","https://openalex.org/W1658112622"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"Career":[1],"development":[2,10,42,56,90,118,160,213,223],"needs":[3,57,187,224],"among":[4],"doctoral":[5,34,49,95,217],"students":[6,35,96,218],"in":[7,64,107],"human":[8],"resource":[9],"(HRD)":[11],"may":[12],"vary":[13],"according":[14],"to":[15,82,137,248],"career":[16,41,55,89,117,159,199,212,222],"aspirations,":[17,200],"professional":[18,249],"experiences,":[19],"social":[20],"identities,":[21,197],"financial":[22,185,201],"circumstances,":[23,202],"and":[24,58,85,104,126,149,154,172,177,188,193,203,205,237,246,251],"institutional":[25,204],"contexts.":[26],"Yet":[27],"limited":[28],"research":[29],"has":[30],"examined":[31],"how":[32,209],"HRD":[33,48,100,216,226],"subjectively":[36],"prioritize":[37],"different":[38],"forms":[39],"of":[40],"support.":[43,91,214],"Purpose":[44],"This":[45],"study":[46],"explored":[47],"students\u2019":[50,242],"subjective":[51],"perspectives":[52,87,161],"on":[53,88],"their":[54],"the":[59,122,146],"factors":[60],"associated":[61],"with":[62,75,132,151],"variations":[63],"those":[65],"needs.":[66,195],"Research":[67],"Design":[68],"A":[69],"mixed-methods":[70],"design":[71],"combining":[72],"Q":[73],"methodology":[74],"focus":[76],"group":[77],"interviews":[78],"(FGIs)":[79],"was":[80,135],"employed":[81],"identify":[83,138],"shared":[84,139],"contrasting":[86],"Study":[92],"Sample":[93],"Seventeen":[94],"from":[97,121],"six":[98],"U.S.":[99],"programs":[101,227],"completed":[102],"Q-sorts,":[103],"13":[105],"participated":[106],"follow-up":[108],"FGIs.":[109],"Data":[110],"Collection":[111],"and/or":[112],"Analysis":[113],"Participants":[114],"sorted":[115],"70":[116],"statements":[119],"derived":[120],"literature,":[123],"pilot":[124],"interviews,":[125],"researcher":[127],"discussions.":[128],"Principal":[129],"component":[130],"analysis":[131],"varimax":[133],"rotation":[134],"used":[136],"viewpoints.":[140],"Factor":[141],"arrays":[142],"were":[143],"interpreted":[144],"using":[145],"crib-sheet":[147],"method":[148],"supplemented":[150],"open-ended":[152],"responses":[153],"FGI":[155],"data.":[156],"Results":[157],"Three":[158],"emerged:":[162],"(1)":[163],"support":[164,169,174,239],"for":[165,170,175],"academic":[166,189,243],"appointments,":[167],"(2)":[168],"well-being,":[171,245],"(3)":[173],"visibility":[176,192],"networking.":[178],"Bipolar":[179],"patterns":[180],"further":[181],"distinguished":[182],"structural":[183],"versus":[184,190],"well-being":[186],"industry-oriented":[191],"networking":[194],"Participants\u2019":[196],"positionalities,":[198],"sociopolitical":[206],"contexts":[207],"shaped":[208],"they":[210],"prioritized":[211],"Conclusions":[215],"do":[219],"not":[220],"experience":[221],"uniformly.":[225],"should":[228],"move":[229],"beyond":[230],"one-size-fits-all":[231],"approaches":[232],"by":[233],"providing":[234],"differentiated,":[235],"identity-responsive,":[236],"career-path-specific":[238],"that":[240],"addresses":[241],"preparation,":[244],"access":[247],"networks":[250],"visibility.":[252]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
