{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204155482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","title":"From Reactive to Proactive Healthcare: Synergizing Wearable Biomarkers and Machine Learning in Digital Therapeutics","display_name":"From Reactive to Proactive Healthcare: Synergizing Wearable Biomarkers and Machine Learning in Digital Therapeutics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204155482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42791849"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13090977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148152995","display_name":"Kwanjoon Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwanjoon Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147887557","display_name":"Eunice  Kwan Chae Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3710-9850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3710-9850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eunice Kwan Chae Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Creative Technology Management, Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3710-9850","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Creative Technology Management, Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences Division, Underwood International College, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148131914","display_name":"Woo Hyun Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80611190","display_name":"Jeonbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q92br09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Woo Hyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physiology, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physiology, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80611190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101733134","display_name":"Eunyoung Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-5524","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-5524"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eun-Young Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Humanities, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2295-5524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Humanities, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101733134","https://openalex.org/A5148131914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966","https://openalex.org/I80611190"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57214496,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"977","last_page":"977"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.5723000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.5723000168800354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11446","display_name":"Mobile Health and mHealth Applications","score":0.11980000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3600","display_name":"General Health Professions"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10745","display_name":"Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control","score":0.03759999945759773,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-therapeutics","display_name":"digital therapeutics","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-devices","display_name":"wearable devices","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-biomarkers","display_name":"digital biomarkers","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"heart rate variability","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cortisol","display_name":"cortisol","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salivary-amylase","display_name":"salivary amylase","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukins","display_name":"interleukins","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-health","display_name":"mobile health","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-monitoring","display_name":"physiological monitoring","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact-reduction","display_name":"artifact reduction","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/external-validation","display_name":"external validation","score":0.6470000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"federated learning","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precision-medicine","display_name":"precision medicine","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychiatric-conditions","display_name":"psychiatric conditions","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimodal-sensor-data","display_name":"multimodal sensor data","score":0.49399998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.7034000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6938999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6516000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5875999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4514000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.4090999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519536355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21021151","display_name":"Repurposing","level":2,"score":0.40790000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32220436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072214","display_name":"Personalized medicine","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3271999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29794715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5362345","display_name":"Smartwatch","level":3,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163763905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17075943","display_name":"Precision medicine","level":2,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.3109000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132964779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2110223","display_name":"Raw data","level":2,"score":0.3050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202645933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4930","display_name":"eHealth","level":3,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.2694999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175079658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312165","display_name":"Remote patient monitoring","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121687571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677630","display_name":"Activity recognition","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.2549000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.25360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13090977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42791849","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42791849","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13603851","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13603851/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13603851/pdf/bioengineering-13-00977.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering (Basel)","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b4652cd40b4493382c8627d19b89042","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b4652cd40b4493382c8627d19b89042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering, Vol 13, Iss 9, p 977 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13090977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13090977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2785419426","https://openalex.org/W2791211015","https://openalex.org/W2999894239","https://openalex.org/W3016443966","https://openalex.org/W3121269510","https://openalex.org/W3197002244","https://openalex.org/W3211140678","https://openalex.org/W4280531286","https://openalex.org/W4283216270","https://openalex.org/W4309592812","https://openalex.org/W4317499915","https://openalex.org/W4317500290","https://openalex.org/W4319317249","https://openalex.org/W4381948934","https://openalex.org/W4388695990","https://openalex.org/W4401195064","https://openalex.org/W4401505571","https://openalex.org/W4402647009","https://openalex.org/W4403093328","https://openalex.org/W4404212683","https://openalex.org/W4404279496","https://openalex.org/W4404670779","https://openalex.org/W4405012787","https://openalex.org/W4405489044","https://openalex.org/W4406864404","https://openalex.org/W4406903849","https://openalex.org/W4406958238","https://openalex.org/W4407397079","https://openalex.org/W4407679283","https://openalex.org/W4407722417","https://openalex.org/W4408111950","https://openalex.org/W4408185196","https://openalex.org/W4408253683","https://openalex.org/W4408695516","https://openalex.org/W4408905436","https://openalex.org/W4409211573","https://openalex.org/W4409438887","https://openalex.org/W4410376110","https://openalex.org/W4410450257","https://openalex.org/W4410705526","https://openalex.org/W4410777321","https://openalex.org/W4410963921","https://openalex.org/W4411085748","https://openalex.org/W4411379668","https://openalex.org/W4411434792","https://openalex.org/W4411581428","https://openalex.org/W4411962233","https://openalex.org/W4412093518","https://openalex.org/W4412159522","https://openalex.org/W4412535613","https://openalex.org/W4412606349","https://openalex.org/W4412618622","https://openalex.org/W4412628058","https://openalex.org/W4412656631","https://openalex.org/W4412989010","https://openalex.org/W4413114086","https://openalex.org/W4413299346","https://openalex.org/W4413381956","https://openalex.org/W4413912109","https://openalex.org/W4413966845","https://openalex.org/W4414058937","https://openalex.org/W4414494583","https://openalex.org/W4414704804","https://openalex.org/W4414896750","https://openalex.org/W4414903022","https://openalex.org/W4414913309","https://openalex.org/W4415650208","https://openalex.org/W4415650339","https://openalex.org/W4415717884","https://openalex.org/W4415820030","https://openalex.org/W4415967068","https://openalex.org/W4416079023","https://openalex.org/W4416504150","https://openalex.org/W4416911926","https://openalex.org/W4416960402","https://openalex.org/W4416960556","https://openalex.org/W4416961233","https://openalex.org/W4416961255","https://openalex.org/W4416961627","https://openalex.org/W4417056870","https://openalex.org/W4417056948","https://openalex.org/W4417438048","https://openalex.org/W4417450406","https://openalex.org/W7118381421","https://openalex.org/W7126088658","https://openalex.org/W7126249749","https://openalex.org/W7128426189","https://openalex.org/W7131131451","https://openalex.org/W7133339952","https://openalex.org/W7133500401","https://openalex.org/W7139138225"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20,175],"integration":[1],"of":[2,23,33,63,94,134,178,206,227,260],"digital":[3,135],"therapeutics":[4],"(DTx),":[5],"wearable":[6,96],"electronic":[7],"devices,":[8],"and":[9,49,70,82,91,108,124,139,145,221,224,243,264],"artificial":[10],"intelligence":[11],"(AI)":[12],"represents":[13],"a":[14,37,74],"significant":[15],"advancement":[16],"in":[17,137,154,165,182,250],"personalized":[18],"healthcare.":[19],"primary":[21,75],"purpose":[22],"this":[24,128,179],"structured":[25],"narrative":[26],"review":[27],"is":[28],"to":[29,112,186,253],"evaluate":[30,104],"the":[31,42,57,61,105,131,203,212,225,234,255],"convergence":[32],"these":[34],"technologies,":[35],"providing":[36],"consolidated":[38],"framework":[39],"that":[40,161],"bridges":[41],"gap":[43],"between":[44],"raw":[45,100],"biometric":[46],"data":[47,210],"acquisition":[48],"actionable,":[50],"AI-driven":[51],"clinical":[52,109,132,173,176,258],"insights.":[53],"This":[54],"paper":[55,129],"synthesizes":[56],"latest":[58],"literature":[59],"on":[60,77],"intersection":[62],"mobile":[64],"health":[65],"(mHealth),":[66],"machine":[67],"learning":[68],"(ML),":[69],"physiological":[71],"tracking,":[72],"with":[73],"focus":[76],"heart":[78],"rate":[79],"variability":[80],"(HRV)":[81],"associated":[83],"biochemical":[84],"markers,":[85],"such":[86],"as":[87,99,115],"cortisol,":[88],"salivary":[89],"alpha-amylase,":[90],"interleukins.":[92],"Instead":[93],"viewing":[95],"outputs":[97],"simply":[98],"data,":[101],"we":[102,158],"critically":[103],"technical":[106,204],"verification":[107],"validation":[110],"required":[111],"define":[113],"them":[114],"true":[116],"\"digital":[117],"biomarkers.\"":[118],"By":[119],"evaluating":[120],"multimodal":[121],"sensor":[122],"technologies":[123],"advanced":[125],"predictive":[126],"algorithms,":[127],"outlines":[130],"utility":[133],"biomarkers":[136],"diagnosing":[138],"proactively":[140],"managing":[141],"cardiovascular,":[142],"neurological,":[143],"metabolic,":[144],"psychiatric":[146],"conditions,":[147],"noting":[148],"classification":[149],"accuracies":[150],"frequently":[151],"exceeding":[152],"85%":[153],"controlled":[155,166],"settings.":[156],"However,":[157],"strongly":[159],"caution":[160],"internally":[162],"validated":[163],"performance":[164],"settings":[167],"does":[168],"not":[169],"inherently":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"external":[172,241],"utility.":[174],"relevance":[177],"study":[180],"lies":[181],"its":[183],"holistic":[184],"approach":[185],"identifying":[187],"how":[188],"continuous":[189],"monitoring":[190],"can":[191],"broaden":[192],"healthcare":[193],"accessibility":[194],"while":[195],"improving":[196],"precision":[197],"medicine.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199],"it":[200],"deeply":[201],"addresses":[202],"challenges":[205],"highly":[207],"variable":[208],"ambulatory":[209],"quality,":[211],"necessity":[213],"for":[214,237],"robust":[215],"artifact":[216],"reduction":[217],"(e.g.,":[218,247],"via":[219],"LSTM":[220],"GAN":[222],"architectures),":[223],"limitations":[226],"small,":[228],"homogeneous":[229],"training":[230],"datasets.":[231],"We":[232],"highlight":[233],"essential":[235],"need":[236],"demographic-aware":[238],"algorithmic":[239],"models,":[240],"validation,":[242],"decentralized":[244],"privacy-preserving":[245],"models":[246],"federated":[248],"learning)":[249],"diverse":[251],"populations":[252],"ensure":[254],"safe,":[256],"equitable":[257],"translation":[259],"DTx,":[261],"mHealth,":[262],"ML,":[263],"AI":[265],"technologies.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}
