{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204154162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","title":"Genomic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi clinical isolates: a retrospective analysis","display_name":"Genomic diversity of Trypanosoma cruzi clinical isolates: a retrospective analysis","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204154162","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42641637","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13615562"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190705","display_name":"The Lancet Microbe","issn_l":"2666-5247","issn":["2666-5247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Microbe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059548411","display_name":"Jill M. C. Hakim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-737X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-737X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill M C Hakim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034471493","display_name":"Sneider Alexander Gutierrez Guarnizo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-0067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9329-0067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sneider Alexander Guiterrez Guarnizo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148161971","display_name":"Angel Duran","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angel Duran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010968623","display_name":"Edith M\u00e1laga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-6655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-6655"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197097402","display_name":"Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia","ror":"https://ror.org/03yczjf25","country_code":"PE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}],"countries":["PE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith Silvia Malaga Machaca","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197097402"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016746879","display_name":"Carolina Duque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-3858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3737-3858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150714","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05cb1k848","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolina Duque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I2799853436","https://openalex.org/I4210150714"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036611916","display_name":"Lulu Singer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0174-9419","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0174-9419"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lulu Singer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060472892","display_name":"Rony Pedro Colanzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rony Colanzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Hospital Japon\u00e9s Santa Cruz, Bolivia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Hospital Japon\u00e9s Santa Cruz, Bolivia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015603628","display_name":"Jacqueline E. Sherbuk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-7510","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-7510"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2613432","display_name":"University of South Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/032db5x82","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline E Sherbuk","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Tampa, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0052-7510","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Tampa, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2613432"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082622069","display_name":"Caryn Bern","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-7303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8195-7303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caryn Bern","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics of the University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040912618","display_name":"Robert H. Gilman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-0712","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9037-0712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert H Gilman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044195708","display_name":"Louisa Alexandra Messenger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-6214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-6214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133999245","display_name":"University of Nevada, Las Vegas","ror":"https://ror.org/0406gha72","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Louisa A Messenger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Environmental and Global Health, Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Electronic address: louisa.messenger@unlv.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3107-6214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Environmental and Global Health, Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA. Electronic address: louisa.messenger@unlv.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068293652","display_name":"Monica R. Mugnier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-2530","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-2530"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Monica R Mugnier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mmugnie1@jhu.edu"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1535-2530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. Electronic address: mmugnie1@jhu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115881799","display_name":"Luciana Basma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3206-4204","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3206-4204"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luciana Lidia Basma Melgar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115881800","display_name":"Shirley Equilia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shirley Equilia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031181823","display_name":"Beth J. Condori","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beth Jessy Condori","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010968623","display_name":"Edith M\u00e1laga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-6655","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0075-6655"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith Malaga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148124263","display_name":"Venilda Doris Qui\u00f1ones Araujo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Venilda Doris Qui\u00f1ones Araujo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047454105","display_name":"Emily Arteaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0471-5698","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0471-5698"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emily Arteaga","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148108338","display_name":"Jean Karla Velarde Leigue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean Karla Velarde Leigue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Martin Obregon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Obregon","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010641567","display_name":"Freddy Tinajeros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-2637","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5894-2637"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Freddy Tinajeros","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148130365","display_name":"Rony Pedro Colanzi Zeballos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rony Pedro Colanzi Zeballos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102312220","display_name":"Clariza Chavez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clariza Roxana Chavez Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148169748","display_name":"Pamela Ontiveros Alvarado","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pamela Ontiveros Alvarado","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148107480","display_name":"Margot Rosse Mary Ramirez Jaldin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margot Rosse Mary Ramirez Jaldin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056624483","display_name":"Monica Jehnny Pajuelo Traveza\u00f1o","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Pajuelo Traveza\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001998738","display_name":"Manuela Ver\u00e1stegui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-1353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7500-1353"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manuela Verastegui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146693865","display_name":"Liseth Roque","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liseth Roque Velasquez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148060298","display_name":"Edith Mirea Hinojosa P\u00e9rez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edith Mirea Hinojosa P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146761376","display_name":"Paloma Samame","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paloma Montserrat Samam\u00e9 Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148101211","display_name":"Josselyn Karina Vaca","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Josselyn Karina Vaca","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127023110","display_name":"Maria Alejandra Perez Pachas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Alejandra Perez Pachas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079425377","display_name":"Cesar Miguel Gavidia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-5077","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3936-5077"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cesar Miguel Gavidia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148169574","display_name":"Neiza Vargas Claure","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neiza Vargas Claure","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148059249","display_name":"Franco Ignacio Soto Mercado","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franco Ignacio Soto Mercado","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148114103","display_name":"Dayana Nicole Serrano Olmos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dayana Nicole Serrano Olmos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127081485","display_name":"Juana Maria Najarro Pucuhuayla","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juana Maria Najarro Pucuhuayla","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148170137","display_name":"F\u00e1tima Daniela Tineo P\u00e9rez","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F\u00e1tima Daniela Tineo P\u00e9rez","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148100934","display_name":"Yessabel Antuanet Morante Vera","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yessabel Antuanet Morante Vera","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148061833","display_name":"Roberto C\u00e9sar D\u00e1vila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto C\u00e9sar D\u00e1vila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148067336","display_name":"Mauricio Steven Guzm\u00e1n Tapia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauricio Steven Guzm\u00e1n Tapia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148173337","display_name":"Richard David Aguirre Barrientos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard David Aguirre Barrientos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148048588","display_name":"Oscar Pedro Nizama Salazar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Pedro Nizama Salazar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148086456","display_name":"Omar Nu\u00f1ez Casio","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Nu\u00f1ez Casio","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082563817","display_name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044195708","https://openalex.org/A5068293652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133999245","https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"apc_list":{"value":7280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7280},"apc_paid":{"value":7280,"currency":"USD","value_usd":7280},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62615168,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"101446","last_page":"101446"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10890","display_name":"Trypanosoma species research and implications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10823","display_name":"Research on Leishmaniasis Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10296","display_name":"Vector-borne infectious diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2405","display_name":"Parasitology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trypanosoma-cruzi","display_name":"Trypanosoma cruzi","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chagas-disease","display_name":"Chagas disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-isolates","display_name":"clinical isolates","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-diversity","display_name":"genomic diversity","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-family","display_name":"gene family","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/copy-number-variation","display_name":"copy number variation","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-of-heterozygosity","display_name":"loss of heterozygosity","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genomic-instability","display_name":"genomic instability","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene-conversion","display_name":"gene conversion","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-structure","display_name":"population structure","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/whole-genome-sequencing","display_name":"whole genome sequencing","score":0.7960000038146973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777625466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150162","display_name":"Trypanosoma cruzi","level":3,"score":0.8144999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.7597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.6646000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112418997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649558","display_name":"Chagas disease","level":2,"score":0.616100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189206191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222046","display_name":"Genomics","level":4,"score":0.49630001187324524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81977670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585259","display_name":"Genetic diversity","level":3,"score":0.46309998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71928629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q804206","display_name":"Parasite hosting","level":2,"score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105176652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147112","display_name":"Comparative genomics","level":5,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24432333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2068526","display_name":"Whole genome sequencing","level":4,"score":0.4277999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.40230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120821319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501491","display_name":"Copy-number variation","level":4,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779121891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131630","display_name":"Kinetoplastida","level":4,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151020129","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7625067","display_name":"Structural variation","level":4,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90132467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171184","display_name":"Phylogenetics","level":3,"score":0.27469998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174600577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5533491","display_name":"Genome evolution","level":4,"score":0.26989999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112212490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471134","display_name":"Gene conversion","level":4,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776817793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6553369","display_name":"Lineage (genetic)","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61053724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154615","display_name":"Sequence analysis","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190705","display_name":"The Lancet Microbe","issn_l":"2666-5247","issn":["2666-5247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Microbe","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42641637","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42641637","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet. Microbe","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13615562","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13615562/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Lancet Microbe","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanmic.2026.101446","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190705","display_name":"The Lancet Microbe","issn_l":"2666-5247","issn":["2666-5247"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Lancet Microbe","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4115978181362152,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1433054769","display_name":"Early Detection of Congenital Chagas Disease","funder_award_id":"5r01ai087776-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1641942169","display_name":"Deciphering the immunologic landscape of Chagas cardiomyopathy pathogenesis","funder_award_id":"1f31hl173973-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000859031","display_name":"The Molecular and Cellular Basis of Infectious Diseases (MCBID) Program","funder_award_id":"T32AI007417","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000879439","display_name":"Training in Infectious Diseases in Peru - Time for Implementation Research","funder_award_id":"D43TW001140","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","funder_display_name":"Fogarty International Center"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309123","display_name":"Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310145","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311430","display_name":"London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/00a0jsq62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320234","display_name":"Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene","ror":"https://ror.org/03zhs2308"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320286","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334629","display_name":"Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00cwqg982"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337356","display_name":"Fogarty International Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02xey9a22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338412","display_name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338421","display_name":"NHLBI Division of Intramural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/023ny1p48"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557524953","https://openalex.org/W1712511248","https://openalex.org/W1754445010","https://openalex.org/W1881895296","https://openalex.org/W1979024863","https://openalex.org/W2003797500","https://openalex.org/W2034325006","https://openalex.org/W2061246349","https://openalex.org/W2107367762","https://openalex.org/W2121485164","https://openalex.org/W2124054049","https://openalex.org/W2757676305","https://openalex.org/W2887526250","https://openalex.org/W2894171124","https://openalex.org/W2913278420","https://openalex.org/W2972296854","https://openalex.org/W2973121662","https://openalex.org/W3125532839","https://openalex.org/W3134317746","https://openalex.org/W3198455658","https://openalex.org/W4229444703","https://openalex.org/W4235938477","https://openalex.org/W4283370989","https://openalex.org/W4320709951","https://openalex.org/W4391168974","https://openalex.org/W4394594764","https://openalex.org/W4394894573","https://openalex.org/W4408520801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4411076577","https://openalex.org/W2089306260","https://openalex.org/W2003262161","https://openalex.org/W2979831275","https://openalex.org/W2901792282","https://openalex.org/W2105280361","https://openalex.org/W1979275004","https://openalex.org/W1593725998","https://openalex.org/W3125532839","https://openalex.org/W1533017879"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Trypanosoma":[1],"cruzi":[2,61,287],"causes":[3],"Chagas":[4,69,225],"disease,":[5],"a":[6,50,153,238],"poorly":[7],"understood":[8],"and":[9,87,93,100,107,144,166,249,310,329,335],"clinically":[10,37,53,162],"heterogeneous":[11],"disease.":[12,226],"Recent":[13],"work":[14],"has":[15],"shown":[16],"that":[17,242,288],"parasites":[18,123,219],"adapted":[19],"to":[20,45,206],"laboratory":[21],"conditions":[22],"exhibit":[23],"genomic":[24,34,47,84,139,233,283],"variation;":[25],"however,":[26],"little":[27],"is":[28],"known":[29],"of":[30,33,52,68,77,89,104,117,131,138,148,155,179,186,209,229,240,260,271,285,332],"the":[31,75,109,113,161,170,187,207,212,258,269,308],"extent":[32],"diversity":[35,48],"among":[36,195,199],"isolated":[38,54,58,163,220],"specimens.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41,129],"study,":[42],"we":[43,236],"aimed":[44],"describe":[46],"within":[49,246],"set":[51,154,239],"strains.":[55,201],"METHODS:":[56],"We":[57,73,98,121,150],"15":[59],"T":[60,118,286],"specimens":[62,197],"from":[63,124,168,184,221],"three":[64],"cross-sectional":[65],"clinical":[66,132,247,293],"studies":[67,273],"disease":[70],"in":[71,128,159,174,193,251,263],"Bolivia.":[72],"sequenced":[74],"genome":[76,102],"each":[78,105],"strain,":[79],"estimated":[80],"parasite":[81,164,180,278],"genetic":[82,126,272],"lineage,":[83],"population":[85],"structure,":[86],"regions":[88,145],"copy":[90,141],"number":[91,142],"plasticity,":[92],"identified":[94,122],"gene":[95,110],"conversion":[96],"events.":[97],"generated":[99],"annotated":[101],"assemblies":[103],"isolate":[106],"compared":[108],"repertoires":[111,183],"encoding":[112],"multigene":[114],"families":[115],"(MGFs)":[116],"cruzi.":[119],"FINDINGS:":[120],"two":[125],"lineages":[127],"collection":[130],"isolates.":[133],"Our":[134,227],"analysis":[135,228],"revealed":[136,232],"evidence":[137],"instability,":[140],"variation,":[143],"with":[146,224],"loss":[147],"heterozygosity.":[149],"also":[151],"discovered":[152],"MGF":[156,182],"members":[157],"present":[158,244],"all":[160,169],"genomes":[165,185,231],"absent":[167,250],"laboratory-adapted":[171,252,277],"strains":[172],"assessed":[173],"our":[175,210],"comparative":[176],"dataset,":[177],"regardless":[178],"lineage.":[181],"same":[188],"lineage":[189],"were":[190],"more":[191],"conserved":[192],"content":[194],"field-isolated":[196],"than":[198],"culture-adapted":[200],"INTERPRETATION:":[202],"This":[203],"study":[204],"provides,":[205],"best":[208],"knowledge,":[211],"first":[213],"whole-genome":[214],"sequencing":[215],"data":[216],"for":[217,257,292],"TcV":[218],"human":[222],"participants":[223],"these":[230,261],"instability;":[234],"moreover,":[235],"observed":[237],"genes":[241,262],"are":[243],"exclusively":[245,275],"isolates":[248],"strains,":[253,279],"indicating":[254],"evolutionary":[255],"pressure":[256],"maintenance":[259],"natural":[264],"hosts.":[265],"These":[266],"findings":[267],"highlight":[268],"limitations":[270],"focused":[274],"on":[276],"which":[280],"could":[281],"miss":[282],"features":[284],"might":[289],"be":[290],"important":[291],"infection.":[294],"FUNDING:":[295],"NIH":[296],"Global":[297],"Research":[298,313],"Training":[299,316],"Grant,":[300,317],"NIAD":[301],"grant,":[302],"Johns":[303],"Hopkins":[304],"University":[305],"Discovery":[306],"Award,":[307],"Biotechnology":[309],"Biological":[311],"Sciences":[312],"Council":[314],"Doctoral":[315],"The":[318,324],"Dr":[319],"Gordon":[320],"Smith":[321],"Travelling":[322,327],"Fellowship,":[323],"Chadwick":[325],"Trust":[326],"Scholarship,":[328],"Royal":[330],"Society":[331],"Tropical":[333],"Medicine":[334],"Hygiene":[336],"grant.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-29T09:56:32.521200","created_date":"2026-08-26T00:00:00"}