{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204142263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","title":"Socio-Economic Drivers of Irregular Female Labour Migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa","display_name":"Socio-Economic Drivers of Irregular Female Labour Migration from Zimbabwe to South Africa","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204142263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159917255","display_name":"Mankind Quarterly","issn_l":"0025-2344","issn":["0025-2344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320563","host_organization_name":"Institute for the Study of Man","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for the Study of Man"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mankind Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058236873","display_name":"Kenneth Mahuni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-9466","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-9466"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth Mahuni","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033804470","display_name":"Taruna Shalini Ramessur","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taruna Shalini Ramessur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57932616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"3","first_page":"641","last_page":"662"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13669","display_name":"China's Global Influence and Migration","score":0.010099999606609344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10216","display_name":"Migration, Refugees, and Integration","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irregular-migration","display_name":"irregular migration","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-labor-migration","display_name":"female labor migration","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deportees","display_name":"deportees","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returnees","display_name":"returnees","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smuggling-networks","display_name":"smuggling networks","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-agency","display_name":"individual agency","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"resilience","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aspiration","display_name":"aspiration","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-risks","display_name":"migration risks","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/culture-of-migration","display_name":"culture of migration","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migration-governance","display_name":"migration governance","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reintegration","display_name":"reintegration","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masvingo","display_name":"Masvingo","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manicaland","display_name":"Manicaland","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matabeleland-south","display_name":"Matabeleland South","score":0.9760000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6212000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60961049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q379693","display_name":"Deportation","level":3,"score":0.618399977684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.48919999599456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.44359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.4293999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.40950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4016000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018587665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268696","display_name":"Qualitative analysis","level":3,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170595211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177626","display_name":"Human migration","level":3,"score":0.3718999922275543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7955714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12056630","display_name":"Structure and agency","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780031633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856681","display_name":"Irregular migration","level":2,"score":0.27810001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019876095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15320003","display_name":"Migrant workers","level":2,"score":0.25850000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","doi":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.46469/mq.2026.66.3.14","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S159917255","display_name":"Mankind Quarterly","issn_l":"0025-2344","issn":["0025-2344"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320563","host_organization_name":"Institute for the Study of Man","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320563"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute for the Study of Man"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mankind Quarterly","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.6025999784469604},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7043980225","https://openalex.org/W2995533552","https://openalex.org/W4411857283","https://openalex.org/W3028903950","https://openalex.org/W103888842","https://openalex.org/W3013324356","https://openalex.org/W4285531142","https://openalex.org/W7029171585","https://openalex.org/W4220829965","https://openalex.org/W1715950534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,58,83,135,165],"study":[1,33,55,166],"focused":[2],"primarily":[3],"on":[4],"socio-economic":[5,40,89,207],"drivers":[6,18,41,90],"of":[7,17,25,38,42,61,74,88,107,137,144,147,153,159,174,190],"migration.":[8,134,212],"According":[9],"to":[10,49,199,211],"Czaika":[11],"and":[12,64,70,109,115,123,155,196,203],"Reinprecht":[13],"(2020),":[14],"this":[15,31,112],"set":[16],"has":[19],"greater":[20],"importance":[21,106],"than":[22],"other":[23],"categories":[24],"migration":[26,46,99,150,201],"drivers.":[27],"As":[28],"a":[29,53,140],"result,":[30],"qualitative":[32],"examines":[34],"the":[35,39,67,97,102,105,156,175,188,205],"micro-level":[36],"perspectives":[37],"irregular":[43,133,179],"female":[44],"labour":[45],"from":[47,66],"Zimbabwe":[48,195],"South":[50,72,197],"Africa,":[51],"complementing":[52],"quantitative":[54],"conducted":[56],"earlier.":[57],"sample":[59],"consisted":[60],"20":[62],"deportees":[63],"returnees":[65],"Masvingo,":[68],"Manicaland,":[69],"Matabeleland":[71],"provinces":[73],"Zimbabwe.":[75],"Ten":[76],"themes":[77],"were":[78,126,162],"constructed":[79],"using":[80],"thematic":[81],"analysis.":[82],"findings":[84],"revealed":[85],"several":[86,168],"facets":[87],"that":[91,209],"have":[92],"received":[93],"little":[94],"attention":[95],"in":[96,149],"Zimbabwean":[98],"literature.":[100],"Specifically,":[101],"results":[103],"highlight":[104],"aspirations":[108],"capabilities":[110],"within":[111],"highly":[113],"constrained":[114],"complex":[116],"context.":[117],"Individual":[118],"agency,":[119],"innovativeness,":[120],"resilience,":[121],"spirituality,":[122],"smuggling":[124],"networks":[125],"also":[127],"identified":[128],"as":[129,139],"key":[130,169],"factors":[131],"explaining":[132],"role":[136],"risk":[138],"latent":[141],"variable,":[142],"locus":[143],"control,":[145],"degree":[146],"agency":[148],"decision-making,":[151],"culture":[152],"migration,":[154,180],"intervening":[157],"influence":[158],"destination":[160],"proximity":[161],"likewise":[163],"emphasized.":[164],"recommends":[167],"interventions,":[170],"including":[171],"raising":[172],"awareness":[173],"risks":[176],"associated":[177],"with":[178],"supporting":[181],"reintegration":[182],"following":[183],"deportation":[184],"or":[185],"return,":[186],"improving":[187],"affordability":[189],"passports,":[191],"strengthening":[192],"collaboration":[193],"between":[194],"Africa":[198],"enhance":[200],"governance,":[202],"addressing":[204],"underlying":[206],"challenges":[208],"contribute":[210]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-25T08:18:29.962427","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
