{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204140717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","title":"Early medical risk and childhood social protection are associated with adult outcomes after preterm birth","display_name":"Early medical risk and childhood social protection are associated with adult outcomes after preterm birth","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204140717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124424368","display_name":"Early Human Development","issn_l":"0378-3782","issn":["0378-3782","1872-6232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early Human Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147943093","display_name":"Tara Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2096-3490","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2096-3490"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tara Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, 39 Butterfield Rd., Kingston, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, 39 Butterfield Rd., Kingston, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078863984","display_name":"Karissa DiMarzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-8351","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-8351"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288882113","display_name":"Boston Children's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00dvg7y05","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karissa DiMarzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Children's Hospital, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Children's Hospital, Laboratories of Cognitive Neuroscience, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288882113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024634802","display_name":"Dorothy J. Vittner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-741X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2417-741X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126350171","display_name":"Fairfield University","ror":"https://ror.org/04z49n283","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126350171"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dorothy Vittner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairfield University, Egan School of Nursing & Health Studies, 1073 N. Benson Rd., Fairfield, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairfield University, Egan School of Nursing & Health Studies, 1073 N. Benson Rd., Fairfield, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126350171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073050075","display_name":"Douglas Alan Granger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-0218","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1355-0218"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799853436","display_name":"Johns Hopkins Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/037zgn354","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas A. Granger","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California at Irvine, Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Irvine, Department of Psychological Science, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, USA; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baltimore, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948","https://openalex.org/I204250578","https://openalex.org/I2799853436"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077150634","display_name":"Justin M. Parent","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-8188","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1659-8188"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Justin Parent","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Division of Human Development and Quantitative Methods, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education, Division of Human Development and Quantitative Methods, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121879848","display_name":"Charles Eaton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27804330","display_name":"Brown University","ror":"https://ror.org/05gq02987","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Eaton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Family Medicine, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, Kent Hospital, Center for Primary Care and Prevention, 111 Brewster St., Pawtucket, RI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brown University, Warren Alpert Medical School, Department of Family Medicine, Providence, RI, USA; Brown University, School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Providence, Kent Hospital, Center for Primary Care and Prevention, 111 Brewster St., Pawtucket, RI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27804330"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121061251","display_name":"Bing Lu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75929689","display_name":"UConn Health","ror":"https://ror.org/02kzs4y22","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, 195 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Public Health Sciences, 195 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75929689"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068916459","display_name":"Amy L. D\u2019Agata","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-950X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9536-950X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17626003","display_name":"University of Rhode Island","ror":"https://ror.org/013ckk937","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amy L. D'Agata","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, 39 Butterfield Rd., Kingston, RI, USA. Electronic address: amydagata@uri.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rhode Island, College of Nursing, 39 Butterfield Rd., Kingston, RI, USA. Electronic address: amydagata@uri.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068916459"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17626003"],"apc_list":{"value":3840,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3840},"apc_paid":{"value":3840,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3840},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60723341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"223","issue":null,"first_page":"106646","last_page":"106646"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11060","display_name":"Infant Development and Preterm Care","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11629","display_name":"Birth, Development, and Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10549","display_name":"Neonatal Respiratory Health Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preterm-birth","display_name":"preterm birth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/care-environment","display_name":"care environment","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executive-function","display_name":"executive function","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-behavior","display_name":"adaptive behavior","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-competence","display_name":"social competence","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-integration","display_name":"social integration","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-term-functional-outcome","display_name":"long-term functional outcome","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurodevelopmental-outcomes","display_name":"neurodevelopmental outcomes","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-environment","display_name":"family environment","score":0.44699999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8062999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.44510000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776344615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625506","display_name":"Premature birth","level":4,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018595361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551354","display_name":"Social risk","level":2,"score":0.3447999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777433830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551332","display_name":"Social protection","level":2,"score":0.30640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779415726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029430","display_name":"Child protection","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007234","descriptor_name":"Infant, Premature","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D047928","descriptor_name":"Premature Birth","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D056344","descriptor_name":"Executive Function","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D066107","descriptor_name":"Social Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124424368","display_name":"Early Human Development","issn_l":"0378-3782","issn":["0378-3782","1872-6232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early Human Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42700736","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42700736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early human development","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2026.106646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124424368","display_name":"Early Human Development","issn_l":"0378-3782","issn":["0378-3782","1872-6232"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Early Human Development","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.561082124710083,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1833825066","display_name":"Allostatic Load & Epigenetic Mechanisms in Lifecourse Trajectories of Premature Infants at Age 30","funder_award_id":"R01NR018147","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337353","display_name":"National Institute of Nursing Research","ror":"https://ror.org/01y3zfr79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588606104","https://openalex.org/W1592493130","https://openalex.org/W1993936188","https://openalex.org/W2050627253","https://openalex.org/W2086643530","https://openalex.org/W2096947062","https://openalex.org/W2097176683","https://openalex.org/W2106026462","https://openalex.org/W2110033880","https://openalex.org/W2112543378","https://openalex.org/W2116277584","https://openalex.org/W2136397792","https://openalex.org/W2171890429","https://openalex.org/W2284511765","https://openalex.org/W2315621942","https://openalex.org/W2593640138","https://openalex.org/W2735838400","https://openalex.org/W2761276975","https://openalex.org/W2792337212","https://openalex.org/W2793502245","https://openalex.org/W2890889991","https://openalex.org/W2894363679","https://openalex.org/W2961726814","https://openalex.org/W3004799932","https://openalex.org/W3009343521","https://openalex.org/W3015589536","https://openalex.org/W3023209265","https://openalex.org/W3161354353","https://openalex.org/W3162230010","https://openalex.org/W3164164959","https://openalex.org/W4211122909","https://openalex.org/W4285802004","https://openalex.org/W4308303194","https://openalex.org/W4319873155","https://openalex.org/W4378211451","https://openalex.org/W4379470695","https://openalex.org/W4391946839","https://openalex.org/W4402318733","https://openalex.org/W4402932696","https://openalex.org/W4408360717","https://openalex.org/W4412570371","https://openalex.org/W4413968591","https://openalex.org/W7128299970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7117235472","https://openalex.org/W4412570371","https://openalex.org/W2612489310","https://openalex.org/W2526666686","https://openalex.org/W3126786645","https://openalex.org/W3002242860","https://openalex.org/W2765957560","https://openalex.org/W2551480944","https://openalex.org/W2065197216","https://openalex.org/W1486056804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"how":[3],"early":[4,109,138,228],"medical":[5,53,63,110,139,209],"risk":[6,54,140],"and":[7,18,44,61,64,84,100,114,121,197,211],"childhood":[8,160,212],"caregiving":[9,85,213],"environments":[10,214,229],"relate":[11],"to":[12],"adult":[13,115],"adaptive":[14,96,167,178],"functioning,":[15,97],"executive":[16,98,145],"function,":[17,99],"social":[19,74,101,112,161,199],"competence":[20],"in":[21,133,221],"a":[22,35,47],"prospective":[23,36],"cohort":[24,40],"of":[25,80,95],"individuals":[26,224],"born":[27,225],"preterm.":[28,226],"STUDY":[29],"DESIGN:":[30],"Participants":[31],"were":[32],"drawn":[33],"from":[34,46,67],"longitudinal":[37],"U.S.":[38],"birth":[39,68],"recruited":[41],"between":[42,108],"1985":[43],"1989":[45],"Level":[48],"III":[49],"neonatal":[50,58],"ICU.":[51],"Early":[52,208],"was":[55,76,141,163],"indexed":[56],"using":[57],"health":[59],"indicators":[60],"cumulative":[62],"neurological":[65],"complications":[66],"through":[69,78],"age":[70,88],"12":[71],"years.":[72],"Childhood":[73],"protection":[75,162],"measured":[77],"observations":[79],"the":[81,134,148],"home":[82],"environment":[83],"interactions.":[86],"At":[87],"35":[89],"years,":[90],"participants":[91],"completed":[92],"standardized":[93],"assessments":[94],"competence.":[102],"Linear":[103],"regression":[104],"models":[105],"examined":[106],"associations":[107],"risk,":[111],"protection,":[113],"functional":[116,219,238],"outcomes,":[117],"adjusting":[118],"for":[119],"sex":[120],"socioeconomic":[122],"status.":[123],"RESULTS:":[124],"142":[125],"adults":[126],"(113":[127],"preterm,":[128],"29":[129],"term":[130],"born)":[131],"participated":[132],"35-year":[135],"assessment.":[136],"Higher":[137],"associated":[142,164,216],"with":[143,165,217],"poorer":[144],"functioning":[146,168],"on":[147],"DKEFS":[149],"Design":[150],"Fluency":[151],"task":[152],"(\u03b2":[153,169,180,191,201],"=":[154,157,170,173,181,184,192,195,202,205],"-0.19;":[155],"p":[156,172,183,194,204],".015).":[158],"Greater":[159],"better":[166],"0.60;":[171],".035),":[174],"higher":[175],"Adult":[176],"Self-Report":[177],"scores":[179],"0.55;":[182],".002),":[185],"stronger":[186],"Word":[187],"Context":[188],"deductive":[189],"reasoning":[190],"0.14;":[193],".043),":[196],"greater":[198],"integration":[200],"0.22;":[203],".028).":[206],"CONCLUSIONS:":[207],"risks":[210],"are":[215],"domain-specific":[218],"outcomes":[220],"adulthood":[222],"among":[223],"Supportive":[227],"may":[230],"represent":[231],"modifiable":[232],"factors":[233],"that":[234],"help":[235],"mitigate":[236],"long-term":[237],"vulnerability":[239],"following":[240],"preterm":[241],"birth.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-15T10:00:46.086208","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}