{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204134609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","title":"Verbal fluency across the lifespan: The role of cognitive reserve and expression suppression in the first 10-s performance.","display_name":"Verbal fluency across the lifespan: The role of cognitive reserve and expression suppression in the first 10-s performance.","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204134609","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42636076"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/neu0001114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","pdf_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2028-16943-001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2028-16943-001.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028335692","display_name":"Elisabetta Pisanu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-8883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-8883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Pisanu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4288-8883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017053454","display_name":"Bianca Monachesi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-4864","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8867-4864"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bianca Monachesi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055882580","display_name":"Stefania Lucia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-2121","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5033-2121"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Lucia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060132292","display_name":"Silvia Fornaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-3045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9516-3045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Fornaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010148845","display_name":"Raffaella  Ida Rumiati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-8295","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-8295"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138549579","display_name":"Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati","ror":"https://ror.org/004fze387","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaella Ida Rumiati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuroscience, International School for Advanced Studies","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138549579"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.45170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.45170000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.34060001373291016,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14434","display_name":"Historical and Modern Theater Studies","score":0.08479999750852585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-fluency","display_name":"verbal fluency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-reserve","display_name":"cognitive reserve","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expressive-suppression","display_name":"expressive suppression","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-regulation","display_name":"emotion regulation","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-fluency","display_name":"semantic fluency","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonemic-fluency","display_name":"phonemic fluency","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aging","display_name":"aging","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-retrieval","display_name":"word retrieval","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"vocabulary","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.5379999876022339}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5637000203132629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90559484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778379","display_name":"Expression (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67739388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q579471","display_name":"Cognitive reserve","level":4,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97530452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7920939","display_name":"Verbal fluency test","level":4,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777413886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013","display_name":"Fluency","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.298799991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987714656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185804","display_name":"Facial expression recognition","level":4,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/neu0001114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","pdf_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2028-16943-001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42636076","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42636076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:share.osf.io:f2848794-03bc-483f-aee1-c097ffcf6e15","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://osf.io/d54up","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401127","display_name":"OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2799848540","host_organization_name":"Center for Open Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799848540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Project"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/neu0001114","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0001114","pdf_url":"https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2028-16943-001.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S97426521","display_name":"Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0894-4105","issn":["0894-4105","1931-1559"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4910013285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6110075025","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G93C22001070006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204134609.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204134609.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1502264260","https://openalex.org/W1842485593","https://openalex.org/W1951724000","https://openalex.org/W1980951846","https://openalex.org/W1983421775","https://openalex.org/W1993071697","https://openalex.org/W1999587230","https://openalex.org/W2006260143","https://openalex.org/W2009375853","https://openalex.org/W2011937112","https://openalex.org/W2027790064","https://openalex.org/W2029445248","https://openalex.org/W2030202961","https://openalex.org/W2040939183","https://openalex.org/W2048381409","https://openalex.org/W2078864171","https://openalex.org/W2105686225","https://openalex.org/W2127495504","https://openalex.org/W2134435409","https://openalex.org/W2139498473","https://openalex.org/W2140422264","https://openalex.org/W2144429600","https://openalex.org/W2152264416","https://openalex.org/W2158021640","https://openalex.org/W2163646566","https://openalex.org/W2165758561","https://openalex.org/W2169596891","https://openalex.org/W2552755678","https://openalex.org/W2736784392","https://openalex.org/W2751577883","https://openalex.org/W2763282512","https://openalex.org/W2784576540","https://openalex.org/W2790532289","https://openalex.org/W2793214327","https://openalex.org/W2896204498","https://openalex.org/W2913295464","https://openalex.org/W2955844975","https://openalex.org/W2966179481","https://openalex.org/W2992586447","https://openalex.org/W3012238410","https://openalex.org/W3031554942","https://openalex.org/W3161849985","https://openalex.org/W3173343028","https://openalex.org/W3195657080","https://openalex.org/W4211049261","https://openalex.org/W4224470039","https://openalex.org/W4241540074","https://openalex.org/W4251404648","https://openalex.org/W4283711069","https://openalex.org/W4292729082","https://openalex.org/W4362677518","https://openalex.org/W4386980518","https://openalex.org/W4387965098","https://openalex.org/W4388478734","https://openalex.org/W4391132657","https://openalex.org/W4399365418","https://openalex.org/W4401304480","https://openalex.org/W4408531427","https://openalex.org/W4414374336","https://openalex.org/W7167836568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2119755502","https://openalex.org/W2097417469","https://openalex.org/W7100621865","https://openalex.org/W2164503080","https://openalex.org/W7154849422","https://openalex.org/W4414797577","https://openalex.org/W7172435317","https://openalex.org/W1968121140","https://openalex.org/W2044099482","https://openalex.org/W2914677833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective:":[0],"The":[1,210],"study":[2,247],"examined":[3,89,248],"verbal":[4,257],"fluency":[5,40,98,183,203,212,258,305,350,364],"performance":[6,204,259,292,365],"using":[7],"a":[8,138,237,298,367],"10-s":[9,211],"paradigm":[10,213],"in":[11,90,311,325],"young":[12,28,119],"and":[13,24,30,38,51,76,84,110,232,264,293,322,336,348,354,357,369],"older":[14,33,122,172,194],"adults,":[15],"focusing":[16,250],"on":[17,251],"the":[18,66,80,87,126,193,227,252,268,276,315,326],"role":[19,81,229],"of":[20,46,68,82,186,230,241,256,328],"cognitive":[21,70,294,320],"reserve":[22,295,321],"(CR)":[23],"emotion":[25,52,323],"regulation.Method:":[26],"Thirty-eight":[27],"adults":[29,34,120,173,271],"44":[31],"healthy":[32],"completed":[35],"phonemic,":[36],"semantic,":[37],"emotional":[39,93,157,182,242,285],"tasks,":[41],"together":[42],"with":[43,200,280,330],"standardized":[44],"assessments":[45],"vocabulary,":[47],"working":[48,134],"memory,":[49],"CR,":[50],"regulation.Linear":[53],"mixed-effects":[54],"models":[55,78],"were":[56,174],"used":[57],"to":[58,92,216,317,361],"examine":[59],"task-and":[60],"group-related":[61],"effects,":[62],"as":[63,65,125,236,297,366],"well":[64],"contribution":[67],"established":[69],"predictors":[71,266],"(vocabulary,":[72],"backward":[73],"digit":[74],"span,":[75],"education).Additional":[77],"tested":[79],"CR":[83,197,231],"expressive":[85,234,288],"suppression,":[86],"latter":[88],"relation":[91],"fluency.Results:":[94],"Performance":[95],"differed":[96],"across":[97,267],"types":[99],"(\u03b7":[100,114,129,147,167,188,205],"2":[101,115,130,148,168,189,206],"p":[102,116,131,149,169,190,207],"=":[103,117,132,150,170,191,208],".39,i.e.,":[104],"semantic":[105],">":[106,108],"phonemic":[107],"emotional)":[109],"between":[111,346],"age":[112,187,262],"groups":[113],".11),with":[118],"outperforming":[121],"adults.Vocabulary":[123],"emerged":[124],"strongest":[127],"predictor":[128],".07),whereas":[133],"memory":[135],"showed":[136],"only":[137],"trend-level":[139],"effect":[140],"once":[141],"lexical":[142,312],"knowledge":[143],"was":[144,198],"controlled":[145],"for":[146,176,283,301,319,333],".04).Education":[151],"did":[152],"not":[153],"uniquely":[154],"predict":[155],"performance.Within":[156],"fluency,":[158,286],"positive":[159],"emotions":[160,166],"elicited":[161],"higher":[162,196],"accuracy":[163,184],"than":[164],"negative":[165,177,284],".03),and":[171],"impaired":[175],"prompts.Expressive":[178],"suppression":[179,235,289],"negatively":[180],"predicted":[181],"independently":[185],".10).Within":[192],"group,":[195],"associated":[199],"better":[201],"overall":[202,302],".11).Conclusions:":[209],"retains":[214],"sensitivity":[215],"age-related":[217,309],"differences":[218,310],"while":[219,287],"emphasizing":[220],"rapid,":[221],"automatic":[222],"retrieval":[223],"processes.The":[224],"results":[225],"underscore":[226],"protective":[228,299],"identify":[233],"key":[238],"affective":[239],"modulator":[240],"fluency.":[243],"Key":[244],"Points":[245],"Question:The":[246],"whether":[249],"first":[253,277],"10":[254,278],"s":[255],"reveals":[260],"distinct":[261],"effects":[263],"individual":[265],"lifespan.Findings:":[269],"Older":[270],"performed":[272],"worse":[273],"even":[274],"within":[275],"s,":[279],"selective":[281],"impairment":[282],"predicts":[290],"poorer":[291],"acts":[296],"factor":[300],"fluency.Importance:":[303],"Brief":[304],"paradigms":[306],"reveal":[307],"early":[308,363],"retrieval,":[313],"highlighting":[314],"need":[316],"account":[318],"regulation":[324],"interpretation":[327],"performance,":[329],"important":[331],"implications":[332],"neuropsychological":[334],"research":[335],"clinical":[337,359],"assessment.Next":[338],"Steps:":[339],"Future":[340],"studies":[341],"should":[342],"leverage":[343],"direct":[344],"comparisons":[345],"brief":[347],"standard":[349],"paradigms,":[351],"combine":[352],"behavioral":[353],"neural":[355],"measures,":[356],"test":[358],"populations":[360],"establish":[362],"theoretically":[368],"clinically":[370],"informative":[371],"marker.":[372]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}