{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204133361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","title":"BIOGEOGRAPHY AND LANDSCAPE PREDICTORS OF SPECIES RICHNESS IN NICARAGUAN DRY FOREST BIRDS","display_name":"BIOGEOGRAPHY AND LANDSCAPE PREDICTORS OF SPECIES RICHNESS IN NICARAGUAN DRY FOREST BIRDS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204133361","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","pdf_url":"https://ornneo.ornitologianeotropical.org/index.php/ornneo/article/download/1407/836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164588486","display_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","issn_l":"1075-4377","issn":["1075-4377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405270205","host_organization_name":"Neotropical Ornithological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270205"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ornneo.ornitologianeotropical.org/index.php/ornneo/article/download/1407/836","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079984138","display_name":"Wayne J. Arendt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8462-4416","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8462-4416"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313416372","display_name":"US Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132491","display_name":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/042re3x97","country_code":"PR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210132491"]}],"countries":["PR","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wayne J. Arendt","raw_affiliation_strings":["USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Luquillo, Puerto Rico"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8462-4416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"USDA Forest Service, International Institute of Tropical Forestry, Luquillo, Puerto Rico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313416372","https://openalex.org/I4210132491"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103563092","display_name":"Marvin A. T\u00f3rrez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5508-7875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5508-7875"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marvin Torrez","raw_affiliation_strings":["More People More Trees, Managua, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5508-7875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"More People More Trees, Managua, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002846894","display_name":"Edgar Casta\u00f1eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8148-3195"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edgar Casta\u00f1eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["La Escuela de Naturalismo, Catarina, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"La Escuela de Naturalismo, Catarina, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147925901","display_name":"Mar\u00eda Elena Salgado Garc\u00eda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mar\u00eda Elena Salgado Garc\u00eda","raw_affiliation_strings":["More People More Trees, Managua, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"More People More Trees, Managua, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108553105","display_name":"Marlon Sotelo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marlon Sotelo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Paso Pac\u00edfico, Managua, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Paso Pac\u00edfico, Managua, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074365092","display_name":"Orlando Jarqu\u00edn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Orlando Jarqu\u00edn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quetzall\u00ed S. A, Grupo Quetzall\u00ed Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quetzall\u00ed S. A, Grupo Quetzall\u00ed Nicaragua, Managua, Nicaragua","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.004800000227987766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10895","display_name":"Species Distribution and Climate Change","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2302","display_name":"Ecological Modeling"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bird-species-richness","display_name":"bird species richness","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biogeography","display_name":"biogeography","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-predictors","display_name":"landscape predictors","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-dependent-species","display_name":"forest-dependent species","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forest-patch-size","display_name":"forest patch size","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"altitude","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-distribution","display_name":"geographic distribution","score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-similarity","display_name":"community similarity","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bird-conservation","display_name":"bird conservation","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/new-records","display_name":"new records","score":0.4390000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53565203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146659","display_name":"Species richness","level":2,"score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.7064999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185933670","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52105","display_name":"Habitat","level":2,"score":0.5863999724388123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123575903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106","display_name":"Biogeography","level":2,"score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130217890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47041","display_name":"Biodiversity","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2619416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9444","display_name":"Rainforest","level":2,"score":0.3921000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73935091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2249329","display_name":"Forest ecology","level":3,"score":0.37369999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187604713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5570810","display_name":"Global biodiversity","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202682190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664460","display_name":"Insular biogeography","level":3,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133079900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065","display_name":"Community structure","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179345059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11394","display_name":"Endangered species","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92494378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845725","display_name":"Temperate rainforest","level":3,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63840655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599991","display_name":"Zoogeography","level":3,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108216600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q511668","display_name":"Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62648534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q706937","display_name":"Species diversity","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137664086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123452","display_name":"Endemism","level":2,"score":0.3003000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45152089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1372905","display_name":"Floristics","level":3,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45371612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3058587","display_name":"Generalist and specialist species","level":3,"score":0.2928999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25147867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36039","display_name":"Beta diversity","level":3,"score":0.27880001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71640776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16521","display_name":"Taxon","level":2,"score":0.2759999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779223538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q473972","display_name":"Protected area","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780993040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46169","display_name":"National park","level":2,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.26589998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147366489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766328","display_name":"Wildlife conservation","level":3,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","pdf_url":"https://ornneo.ornitologianeotropical.org/index.php/ornneo/article/download/1407/836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164588486","display_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","issn_l":"1075-4377","issn":["1075-4377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405270205","host_organization_name":"Neotropical Ornithological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270205"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","doi":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v37i1.1407","pdf_url":"https://ornneo.ornitologianeotropical.org/index.php/ornneo/article/download/1407/836","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164588486","display_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","issn_l":"1075-4377","issn":["1075-4377"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405270205","host_organization_name":"Neotropical Ornithological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270205"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ornitolog\u00eda Neotropical","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Life on land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306114","display_name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306115","display_name":"United States Agency for International Development","ror":"https://ror.org/01n6e6j62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332478","display_name":"U.S. Forest Service","ror":"https://ror.org/03zmjc935"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337935","display_name":"International Institute of Tropical Forestry","ror":"https://ror.org/042re3x97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204133361.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204133361.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494277695","https://openalex.org/W1940333380","https://openalex.org/W1980573137","https://openalex.org/W1981213426","https://openalex.org/W2002291348","https://openalex.org/W2023033196","https://openalex.org/W2031621716","https://openalex.org/W2051101793","https://openalex.org/W2063391935","https://openalex.org/W2083882838","https://openalex.org/W2109289609","https://openalex.org/W2127170577","https://openalex.org/W2128599926","https://openalex.org/W2137152840","https://openalex.org/W2138665541","https://openalex.org/W2145227278","https://openalex.org/W2161531620","https://openalex.org/W2312929527","https://openalex.org/W2461267179","https://openalex.org/W2605932719","https://openalex.org/W2609258959","https://openalex.org/W2626744540","https://openalex.org/W2792799907","https://openalex.org/W2891486533","https://openalex.org/W2904717573","https://openalex.org/W2940894631","https://openalex.org/W2959661722","https://openalex.org/W3095248051","https://openalex.org/W3131227878","https://openalex.org/W3178413638","https://openalex.org/W3179189829","https://openalex.org/W4242270783","https://openalex.org/W4400724414","https://openalex.org/W4401703820","https://openalex.org/W4406528169","https://openalex.org/W7140103264"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145227278","https://openalex.org/W3021509892","https://openalex.org/W2408407910","https://openalex.org/W2981204395","https://openalex.org/W7027911648","https://openalex.org/W4405613597","https://openalex.org/W7140103264","https://openalex.org/W1980573137","https://openalex.org/W2019963365","https://openalex.org/W2772190440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,53,103,129,140,158,183,189,217,226],"Nicaragua's":[2,45],"Pacific":[3,46,79,96,212],"slope":[4,97,213],"seasonal":[5],"tropical":[6],"dry":[7],"forest":[8,162,175,229,239],"ecosystem":[9,246],"and":[10,24,56,63,153,161,198,244],"its":[11],"avifauna":[12],"remains":[13],"limited,":[14],"hindering":[15],"effective":[16],"conservation":[17,225],"planning.":[18],"To":[19],"assess":[20],"avian":[21,60,170,221],"community":[22,64],"composition":[23],"relative":[25],"abundance,":[26],"from":[27,94,116],"2009":[28],"to":[29,98,118],"2018":[30],"we":[31,69],"conducted":[32],"standardized":[33],"monthly":[34],"surveys":[35],"in":[36,124,150,232],"147":[37],"point":[38],"counts":[39],"at":[40,73],"29":[41,74],"study":[42,75],"sites":[43,76],"along":[44,77],"slope.":[47],"We":[48],"also":[49],"determined":[50],"the":[51,78,90,95,104,187,196,211,224],"influence":[52,134],"geographic,":[54],"climatic,":[55],"landscape":[57],"predictors":[58],"on":[59],"species":[61,72,83,122,136,142],"richness":[62],"similarity":[65],"among":[66],"sites.":[67],"Overall,":[68],"documented":[70],"257":[71],"slope,":[80],"including":[81],"17":[82],"that":[84],"were":[85,165],"not":[86,132,166],"previously":[87],"reported,":[88],"bringing":[89],"cumulative":[91],"total":[92],"known":[93],"440":[99],"species,":[100,185],"representing":[101],"57%":[102],"country's":[105],"avifauna.":[106],"Species":[107],"distributions":[108],"exhibited":[109],"strong":[110],"geographic":[111,127],"heterogeneity:":[112],"Pacific-exclusive":[113],"taxa":[114],"predominated":[115],"Chinandega":[117],"Managua,":[119],"whereas":[120],"Caribbean-affiliated":[121],"peaked":[123],"Rivas.":[125],"The":[126],"variable":[128],"elevation":[130],"did":[131],"significantly":[133],"overall":[135,169],"richness,":[137,171],"but":[138,172,219],"percent":[139,182],"forest-dependent":[141,184],"increased":[143],"marginally":[144],"with":[145,168,201],"elevation,":[146],"having":[147],"highest":[148],"densities":[149],"Rivas":[151],"(70%)":[152],"Granada":[154],"(17%).":[155],"Landscape":[156],"variables":[157],"tree":[159],"cover":[160],"patch":[163,176],"size":[164,177],"associated":[167],"a":[173,180,215],"larger":[174],"strongly":[178],"predicted":[179],"higher":[181],"underscoring":[186],"importance":[188],"habitat":[190],"contiguity.":[191],"Biogeographic":[192],"clustering":[193],"further":[194],"distinguished":[195],"northern":[197],"southern":[199],"assemblages,":[200],"unique":[202],"highland":[203],"communities":[204],"above":[205],"1000":[206],"m.":[207],"These":[208],"findings":[209],"highlight":[210],"as":[214],"region":[216],"exceptional":[218],"uneven":[220],"diversity,":[222],"where":[223],"large,":[227],"contiguous":[228],"patches,":[230],"particularly":[231],"montane":[233],"zones,":[234],"is":[235],"critical":[236],"for":[237],"sustaining":[238],"specialists,":[240],"maintaining":[241],"ecological":[242],"connectivity,":[243],"safeguarding":[245],"services.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
