{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204132617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20822","title":"Interaction Effects Between Learner Characteristics and Dialogue Format in LLM- and TTS-Generated Dialogue-Based Lessons","display_name":"Interaction Effects Between Learner Characteristics and Dialogue Format in LLM- and TTS-Generated Dialogue-Based Lessons","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204132617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20822","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20822","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140804564","display_name":"Fumie Watanabe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Watanabe, Fumie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","Kuma is with"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kuma is with","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015442126","display_name":"Gendo Kumoi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0213","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6093-0213"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kumoi, Gendo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140919155","display_name":"Tota Suko","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suko, Tota","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100678336","display_name":"Takashi Ishida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8562-5247","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8562-5247"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ishida, Takashi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5140810725","display_name":"Yuko Kuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuma, Yuko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5160060407","display_name":"Manabu Kobayashi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85922643","display_name":"Nagaoka University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00ys1hz88","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kobayashi, Manabu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering , Nagaoka University of Technology , Nagaoka , Niigata , Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85922643"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025082609","display_name":"Shigeichi Hirasawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0924-1038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0924-1038"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirasawa, Shigeichi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11820","display_name":"Learning Styles and Cognitive Differences","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.15729999542236328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11516","display_name":"Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes","score":0.020899999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/large-language-models","display_name":"large language models","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-to-speech","display_name":"text-to-speech","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-characteristics","display_name":"learner characteristics","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aptitude-treatment-interaction","display_name":"aptitude-treatment interaction","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-thinking-disposition","display_name":"critical thinking disposition","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-motivation","display_name":"student motivation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arcs-model","display_name":"ARCS model","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-evaluation","display_name":"learner evaluation","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbots","display_name":"chatbots","score":0.3440000116825104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.6672000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C855514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665869","display_name":"Interaction","level":2,"score":0.6157000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5490999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.534500002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781039887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1391724","display_name":"Factor (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5271000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776445246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1792644","display_name":"Style (visual arts)","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28662235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6736213","display_name":"Main effect","level":2,"score":0.39169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74672266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815859","display_name":"Language acquisition","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019921246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104853310","display_name":"Differential effects","level":2,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987567764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125421","display_name":"Second language","level":2,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10431821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510174","display_name":"Learning effect","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13854087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061656","display_name":"Interaction design","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820370","display_name":"Learning styles","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987082051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Human interaction","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991789358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Incidental learning","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.25589999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.25270000100135803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20822","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.20822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20822","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20822","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20822","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20822","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9901999831199646}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8537546693","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJS00420240017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204132617.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204132617.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4398230583","https://openalex.org/W4415901652","https://openalex.org/W7168349082"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7168349082","https://openalex.org/W180179361","https://openalex.org/W7097343381","https://openalex.org/W2066469063","https://openalex.org/W49170647","https://openalex.org/W7220933392","https://openalex.org/W2479788467","https://openalex.org/W7221044681","https://openalex.org/W23616201","https://openalex.org/W2551258582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Large":[0],"language":[1],"models":[2,70],"and":[3,52,59,77,96,105,121,138,140,150,152],"text-to-speech":[4],"technology":[5],"enable":[6],"low-cost":[7],"production":[8],"of":[9],"dialogue-based":[10],"lessons:":[11],"videos":[12],"in":[13,47,148,155],"which":[14],"two":[15,56,60],"speakers":[16],"converse.":[17],"The":[18,82],"speakers'":[19],"roles":[20],"can":[21],"vary,":[22],"but":[23,166,183],"little":[24],"is":[25],"known":[26],"about":[27],"whether":[28,72],"all":[29],"learners":[30],"respond":[31],"alike":[32],"to":[33,197],"such":[34],"differences.":[35],"In":[36],"a":[37,50,53],"repeated-measures":[38],"design,":[39],"222":[40],"first-year":[41],"high":[42],"school":[43],"students":[44,57],"viewed":[45],"lessons":[46],"three":[48],"formats:":[49],"teacher":[51],"student":[54],"(TS),":[55],"(SS),":[58],"teachers":[61],"(TT).":[62],"Within":[63],"the":[64,109,115,131,141],"aptitude-treatment":[65],"interaction":[66,163,180,190],"framework,":[67],"linear":[68],"mixed-effects":[69],"tested":[71],"associations":[73],"between":[74,136],"learner":[75,83],"characteristics":[76,84],"outcomes":[78,110],"differed":[79,135],"by":[80,98],"format.":[81],"were":[85,111],"experiential":[86],"learning":[87,97,119,160,200],"style":[88],"-":[89,104],"seeking":[90],"challenging,":[91],"new":[92],"experiences":[93],"(CE":[94],"factor)":[95,103],"reflecting":[99],"on":[100,114],"experience":[101],"(RCE":[102],"critical":[106,167],"thinking":[107,168],"disposition;":[108],"motivation":[112],"based":[113],"ARCS":[116],"model,":[117],"self-reported":[118],"outcomes,":[120,161],"overall":[122,176],"evaluation.":[123],"For":[124,159,175],"motivation,":[125],"both":[126],"factors":[127],"interacted":[128],"with":[129,173],"format:":[130],"CE":[132],"factor's":[133,143],"association":[134],"TS":[137,149,156],"TT,":[139],"RCE":[142],"slope":[144],"was":[145,164,170,181,185],"significantly":[146,153],"positive":[147],"SS":[151],"larger":[154],"than":[157],"TT.":[158],"no":[162,179],"detected,":[165,182],"disposition":[169],"positively":[171],"associated":[172],"them.":[174],"evaluation,":[177],"again":[178],"TT":[184],"rated":[186],"lowest.":[187],"Given":[188],"small-to-medium":[189],"effects,":[191],"these":[192],"findings":[193],"are":[194],"preliminary":[195],"evidence":[196],"inform":[198],"personalized":[199],"design.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
