{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204127487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","title":"Probiotics in Human Health: Current Evidence, Mechanism of Action, and Future Perspectives","display_name":"Probiotics in Human Health: Current Evidence, Mechanism of Action, and Future Perspectives","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204127487","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42639367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijm/1721210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26007923","display_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"1687-918X","issn":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064378061","display_name":"Guesh Mulaw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7895","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7895"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guesh Mulaw","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9596-7895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147972932","display_name":"Gebrekidan Kidanemariam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gebrekidan Kidanemariam","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083352698","display_name":"Mouslim Bara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-424X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-424X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187560010","display_name":"University of B\u00e9ja\u00efa","ror":"https://ror.org/03yb2hp88","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mouslim Bara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Zoology Research Lab. (LZA), University Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3818-424X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Zoology Research Lab. (LZA), University Abderrahmane Mira, Bejaia, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187560010"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039172434","display_name":"Teklemichael Tesfay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-8193","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-8193"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78545622","display_name":"Aksum University","ror":"https://ror.org/003659f07","country_code":"ET","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}],"countries":["ET"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Teklemichael Tesfay","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5312-8193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Department of Biology, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia, aku.edu.et","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78545622"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1000},"fwci":2.9351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93005999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2026","issue":"1","first_page":"1721210","last_page":"1721210"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10141","display_name":"Probiotics and Fermented Foods","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11294","display_name":"Infant Nutrition and Health","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intestinal-barrier-integrity","display_name":"intestinal barrier integrity","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competitive-exclusion-principle","display_name":"competitive exclusion","score":0.550000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antimicrobial-metabolites","display_name":"antimicrobial metabolites","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-regulation","display_name":"immune regulation","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea","display_name":"antibiotic-associated diarrhea","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactose-intolerance","display_name":"lactose intolerance","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergic-diseases","display_name":"allergic diseases","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypercholesterolemia","display_name":"hypercholesterolemia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorectal-cancer","display_name":"colorectal cancer","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-disorders","display_name":"neurological disorders","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-toxicity","display_name":"heavy metal toxicity","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotic-safety","display_name":"probiotic safety","score":0.847000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780255968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816730","display_name":"Probiotic","level":3,"score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6412000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.5673999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5077999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539455810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739734","display_name":"Gut flora","level":2,"score":0.4715999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.44929999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3711000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136449434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428253","display_name":"Innate immune system","level":3,"score":0.34880000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140608501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318358","display_name":"Review article","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.3393000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.33480000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109359841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728944","display_name":"Inclusion (mineral)","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.31060001254081726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.3075000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986762682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q964754","display_name":"Basic research","level":2,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4937899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Antimicrobial","level":2,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182581","display_name":"Immunity","level":3,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779974597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28448986","display_name":"Clinical Practice","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijm/1721210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26007923","display_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"1687-918X","issn":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:42639367","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42639367","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:569e5c0c59ad41fea76586b1a9c94fe5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/569e5c0c59ad41fea76586b1a9c94fe5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Microbiology, Vol 2026 (2026)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13501397","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13501397/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Int J Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/ijm/1721210","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/ijm/1721210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S26007923","display_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","issn_l":"1687-918X","issn":["1687-918X","1687-9198"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.6038441061973572,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":116,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485554876","https://openalex.org/W1487799850","https://openalex.org/W1522937979","https://openalex.org/W1589303198","https://openalex.org/W1829239725","https://openalex.org/W1836546986","https://openalex.org/W1893993890","https://openalex.org/W1896829297","https://openalex.org/W1965072150","https://openalex.org/W1968311526","https://openalex.org/W1971612541","https://openalex.org/W1975167841","https://openalex.org/W1976836197","https://openalex.org/W1989956835","https://openalex.org/W1992019228","https://openalex.org/W1995381856","https://openalex.org/W1995388920","https://openalex.org/W1996999300","https://openalex.org/W1999591457","https://openalex.org/W2001700040","https://openalex.org/W2003877353","https://openalex.org/W2004400025","https://openalex.org/W2012181148","https://openalex.org/W2015355228","https://openalex.org/W2016123152","https://openalex.org/W2016363064","https://openalex.org/W2017814274","https://openalex.org/W2020504754","https://openalex.org/W2031317019","https://openalex.org/W2036627873","https://openalex.org/W2037648723","https://openalex.org/W2040840388","https://openalex.org/W2057082117","https://openalex.org/W2059892249","https://openalex.org/W2060784476","https://openalex.org/W2064410624","https://openalex.org/W2068234766","https://openalex.org/W2068904931","https://openalex.org/W2070909432","https://openalex.org/W2072858638","https://openalex.org/W2073395843","https://openalex.org/W2075059238","https://openalex.org/W2075209469","https://openalex.org/W2077970652","https://openalex.org/W2083657546","https://openalex.org/W2091365163","https://openalex.org/W2095749671","https://openalex.org/W2099345244","https://openalex.org/W2106800710","https://openalex.org/W2108399894","https://openalex.org/W2108828652","https://openalex.org/W2125631968","https://openalex.org/W2146932682","https://openalex.org/W2149074973","https://openalex.org/W2152382096","https://openalex.org/W2158032510","https://openalex.org/W2167419149","https://openalex.org/W2167677906","https://openalex.org/W2171319524","https://openalex.org/W2171406218","https://openalex.org/W2209632723","https://openalex.org/W2250105806","https://openalex.org/W2297269129","https://openalex.org/W2328780021","https://openalex.org/W2468889147","https://openalex.org/W2520329583","https://openalex.org/W2557660874","https://openalex.org/W2608502548","https://openalex.org/W2755198076","https://openalex.org/W2772873851","https://openalex.org/W2909893373","https://openalex.org/W2912228488","https://openalex.org/W2917015735","https://openalex.org/W3116549682","https://openalex.org/W3187147976","https://openalex.org/W4200613770","https://openalex.org/W4206302370","https://openalex.org/W4206473627","https://openalex.org/W4210450190","https://openalex.org/W4241596094","https://openalex.org/W4247149058","https://openalex.org/W4252229365","https://openalex.org/W4283370056","https://openalex.org/W4285385407","https://openalex.org/W4286631278","https://openalex.org/W4288436705","https://openalex.org/W4292860400","https://openalex.org/W4295074156","https://openalex.org/W4308864405","https://openalex.org/W4309110259","https://openalex.org/W4313414823","https://openalex.org/W4318817487","https://openalex.org/W4323858829","https://openalex.org/W4324094198","https://openalex.org/W4380789511","https://openalex.org/W4391140271","https://openalex.org/W4398150047","https://openalex.org/W4399755937","https://openalex.org/W4401504882","https://openalex.org/W4401811942","https://openalex.org/W4404185363","https://openalex.org/W4404523083","https://openalex.org/W4404720773","https://openalex.org/W4406710806","https://openalex.org/W4408922487","https://openalex.org/W4409863190","https://openalex.org/W4410236622","https://openalex.org/W4412538640","https://openalex.org/W4413301368","https://openalex.org/W4415263440","https://openalex.org/W4415329517","https://openalex.org/W4415619444","https://openalex.org/W7124694749","https://openalex.org/W7134846664","https://openalex.org/W7140210202","https://openalex.org/W7161280923"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probiotics":[0],"are":[1],"widely":[2],"recognized":[3],"for":[4,52],"their":[5,67],"potential":[6,103],"to":[7,144,152,184],"promote":[8],"human":[9],"health":[10],"through":[11,70],"diverse":[12],"mechanisms":[13,30],"that":[14,64,180],"influence":[15],"host":[16,136],"physiology":[17],"and":[18,33,50,89,93,98,122,133,139,149,175],"microbial":[19],"ecology.":[20],"This":[21],"review":[22,42,160],"synthesizes":[23],"current":[24,166],"evidence":[25,62],"on":[26,168],"the":[27,57,106],"biological":[28],"functions,":[29],"of":[31,36,72,77,83,86,91,110,165],"action,":[32],"therapeutic":[34,173],"applications":[35],"probiotics.":[37],"A":[38],"comprehensive":[39],"narrative":[40,159],"literature":[41],"was":[43],"conducted,":[44],"with":[45],"143":[46],"records":[47],"identified,":[48],"screened,":[49],"assessed":[51],"eligibility":[53],"before":[54],"inclusion":[55],"in":[56,105],"final":[58],"analysis.":[59],"The":[60],"available":[61],"indicates":[63],"probiotics":[65],"exert":[66],"beneficial":[68],"effects":[69],"modulation":[71],"gut":[73],"microbiota":[74],"composition,":[75],"enhancement":[76],"intestinal":[78],"barrier":[79],"integrity,":[80],"competitive":[81],"exclusion":[82],"pathogens,":[84],"production":[85],"antimicrobial":[87],"metabolites,":[88],"regulation":[90],"innate":[92],"adaptive":[94],"immune":[95],"responses.":[96],"Clinical":[97],"experimental":[99],"studies":[100],"further":[101],"suggest":[102],"benefits":[104],"prevention":[107],"or":[108],"management":[109],"antibiotic-associated":[111],"diarrhea,":[112],"lactose":[113],"intolerance,":[114],"allergic":[115],"diseases,":[116],"hypercholesterolemia,":[117],"colorectal":[118],"cancer,":[119],"neurological":[120],"disorders,":[121],"heavy":[123],"metal":[124],"toxicity.":[125],"Despite":[126],"promising":[127],"findings,":[128],"probiotic":[129,169,187],"efficacy":[130],"remains":[131],"strain-specific":[132],"influenced":[134],"by":[135],"characteristics,":[137],"dosage,":[138],"treatment":[140],"duration.":[141],"Challenges":[142],"related":[143],"strain":[145],"selection,":[146],"safety":[147],"assessment,":[148],"standardization":[150],"continue":[151],"limit":[153],"broader":[154],"clinical":[155],"application.":[156],"Overall,":[157],"this":[158],"provides":[161],"an":[162],"integrated":[163],"overview":[164],"knowledge":[167],"functionality,":[170],"highlights":[171],"emerging":[172],"opportunities,":[174],"identifies":[176],"key":[177],"research":[178],"gaps":[179],"should":[181],"be":[182],"addressed":[183],"support":[185],"evidence-based":[186],"use.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-04T09:36:47.201465","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}