{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204120013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","title":"Accuracy and Clinical Applicability of Automated 3D CBCT-based Cephalometric Analysis in Children and Adolescents","display_name":"Accuracy and Clinical Applicability of Automated 3D CBCT-based Cephalometric Analysis in Children and Adolescents","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204120013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","pdf_url":"https://journal.kapd.org/upload/pdf/JKAPD-2026-53-3-254.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764893290","display_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","issn_l":"1226-8496","issn":["1226-8496","2288-3819"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108600","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108600"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journal.kapd.org/upload/pdf/JKAPD-2026-53-3-254.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125429666","display_name":"Hyejin Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3961-5967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3961-5967","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3997-8341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259782","display_name":"Ajou University Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qb91e52","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259782","https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyejin Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3961-5967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259782","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147984798","display_name":"Seoyeon Wi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5077-7098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5077-7098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260329","display_name":"Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03k4zaw35","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260329","https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261832","display_name":"Ajou University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkxf605","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seoyeon Wi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5077-7098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260329","https://openalex.org/I4405261832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086981804","display_name":"Bumhee Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1571","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1571"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260329","display_name":"Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03k4zaw35","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405260329","https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405261832","display_name":"Ajou University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xkxf605","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bumhee Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5271-1571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Office of Biostatistics, Medical Research Collaborating Center, Ajou Research Institute for Innovative Medicine, Ajou University Medical Center, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260329","https://openalex.org/I4405261832"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019703479","display_name":"Yon\u2010joo Mah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-1111","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-1111"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405259782","display_name":"Ajou University Dental Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02qb91e52","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259782","https://openalex.org/I4405261832","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57664883","display_name":"Ajou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzb2h73","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yon-joo Mah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2278-1111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Dental Hospital, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405259782","https://openalex.org/I57664883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57664883"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"3","first_page":"254","last_page":"270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11363","display_name":"Dental Radiography and Imaging","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3504","display_name":"Oral Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-cone-beam-computed-tomography","display_name":"3D cone-beam computed tomography","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cephalometric-analysis","display_name":"cephalometric analysis","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pediatric-and-adolescent-patients","display_name":"pediatric and adolescent patients","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixed-dentition","display_name":"mixed dentition","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-dentition","display_name":"permanent teeth","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inter-examiner-reliability","display_name":"inter-examiner reliability","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontic-diagnosis","display_name":"orthodontic diagnosis","score":0.8949999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5063294","display_name":"Cephalometric analysis","level":2,"score":0.7005000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188126409","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641973","display_name":"Dentition","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.6326000094413757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.517799973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019236786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1094885","display_name":"Permanent dentition","level":3,"score":0.383899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9893847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425625","display_name":"Reproducibility","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777081826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2418904","display_name":"Cephalometry","level":2,"score":0.3571000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3515999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202271784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189218","display_name":"Molar","level":2,"score":0.2922999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544519230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32566","display_name":"Computed tomography","level":2,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.2858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188154048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803609","display_name":"Mean absolute error","level":3,"score":0.2563000023365021}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","pdf_url":"https://journal.kapd.org/upload/pdf/JKAPD-2026-53-3-254.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764893290","display_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","issn_l":"1226-8496","issn":["1226-8496","2288-3819"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108600","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108600"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5933/jkapd.2026.53.3.254","pdf_url":"https://journal.kapd.org/upload/pdf/JKAPD-2026-53-3-254.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764893290","display_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","issn_l":"1226-8496","issn":["1226-8496","2288-3819"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["kci-registered"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4353108600","host_organization_name":"Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4353108600"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN ACADEMY OF PEDTATRIC DENTISTRY","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204120013.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204120013.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968129928","https://openalex.org/W1999415534","https://openalex.org/W2000518996","https://openalex.org/W2038590333","https://openalex.org/W2070749783","https://openalex.org/W2083169522","https://openalex.org/W2095977650","https://openalex.org/W2107666221","https://openalex.org/W2138163882","https://openalex.org/W2140972007","https://openalex.org/W2161961959","https://openalex.org/W2190739197","https://openalex.org/W2316287882","https://openalex.org/W2468415938","https://openalex.org/W2811068303","https://openalex.org/W2901468762","https://openalex.org/W2921158666","https://openalex.org/W2990331818","https://openalex.org/W3012417903","https://openalex.org/W3128912643","https://openalex.org/W4281724483","https://openalex.org/W4321498660","https://openalex.org/W4362523128","https://openalex.org/W4385737447","https://openalex.org/W4387952828","https://openalex.org/W4396720920","https://openalex.org/W4399810870","https://openalex.org/W4409257601","https://openalex.org/W4409287515","https://openalex.org/W4410438547","https://openalex.org/W4413478698"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409287515","https://openalex.org/W7131246572","https://openalex.org/W7055673417","https://openalex.org/W7045322273","https://openalex.org/W4281724483","https://openalex.org/W7131884884","https://openalex.org/W2225604733","https://openalex.org/W7110299504","https://openalex.org/W4362523128","https://openalex.org/W3198813738"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"aimed":[2],"to":[3,150],"evaluate":[4],"the":[5,66,114,195],"accuracy":[6,149],"and":[7,27,56,87,108,119,127,147,159,186,202,221],"clinical":[8],"applicability":[9],"of":[10,32,69,96,136],"an":[11,200],"automated":[12],"landmark":[13],"identification":[14,80,152],"(ALI)":[15],"system":[16,36,143,197],"for":[17,47,206,218],"three-dimensional":[18],"cone-beam":[19],"computed":[20],"tomography":[21],"(CBCT)-based":[22],"cephalometric":[23,207],"analysis":[24,208],"in":[25,92,153,209],"pediatric":[26],"adolescent":[28],"patients.":[29,211],"The":[30,141],"influence":[31],"dentition":[33,55,58,177],"stage":[34],"on":[35],"performance":[37],"was":[38,81,90],"also":[39],"investigated.":[40],"Sixty":[41],"individuals":[42],"who":[43],"underwent":[44],"CBCT":[45],"imaging":[46],"orthodontic":[48],"diagnosis":[49],"were":[50,62,111,130],"equally":[51],"divided":[52],"into":[53],"mixed":[54],"permanent":[57],"groups.":[59,155],"Thirty":[60],"landmarks":[61,161,220],"automatically":[63],"identified":[64],"using":[65,132],"ALI":[67,142,196],"function":[68],"Invivo7":[70],"software":[71],"(Anatomage,":[72],"San":[73],"Jose,":[74],"CA,":[75],"USA).":[76],"For":[77],"comparison,":[78],"manual":[79,151,214],"performed":[82],"by":[83,99],"a":[84,93,100,133],"primary":[85],"examiner,":[86],"inter-examiner":[88],"reliability":[89],"assessed":[91],"random":[94],"subset":[95],"10":[97],"samples":[98],"second":[101],"independent":[102],"examiner":[103],"(ICC":[104],">":[105,165],"0.86).":[106],"Landmark":[107],"measurement":[109,128],"accuracies":[110],"evaluated":[112],"as":[113],"mean":[115,120],"error":[116,122],"distance":[117],"(MED)":[118],"absolute":[121],"(MAE),":[123],"respectively.":[124],"Successful":[125],"detection":[126],"rates":[129],"calculated":[131],"predefined":[134],"threshold":[135],"2\u00b0":[137],"or":[138,170],"2":[139,166],"mm.":[140],"demonstrated":[144],"high":[145,189,224],"repeatability":[146],"comparable":[148],"both":[154],"Although":[156],"some":[157],"skeletal":[158],"dental":[160],"showed":[162,188],"localization":[163],"errors":[164],"mm,":[167],"overall":[168],"MED":[169],"MAE":[171],"did":[172],"not":[173],"significantly":[174],"differ":[175],"between":[176],"stages.":[178],"However,":[179,212],"certain":[180],"measurements,":[181],"including":[182],"posterior":[183],"facial":[184],"height":[185],"U1\u2013SN,":[187],"variability.":[190,225],"These":[191],"findings":[192],"suggest":[193],"that":[194],"can":[198],"be":[199],"efficient":[201],"consistent":[203],"adjunctive":[204],"tool":[205],"growing":[210],"selective":[213],"verification":[215],"is":[216],"required":[217],"specific":[219],"measurements":[222],"with":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}