{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204118135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","title":"An Intelligent IoT Framework for Real-Time Waste Bin Level Monitoring and Collection Optimization","display_name":"An Intelligent IoT Framework for Real-Time Waste Bin Level Monitoring and Collection Optimization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204118135","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/5779/3800","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/5779/3800","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092879320","display_name":"Emmy Danny Ajik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0205-4837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0205-4837"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482743","display_name":"Federal University Dutsin-Ma","ror":"https://ror.org/01dj05x81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482743"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmy Danny Ajik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal University Dutsinma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University Dutsinma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093740467","display_name":"Joseph Nda Ndabula","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482743","display_name":"Federal University Dutsin-Ma","ror":"https://ror.org/01dj05x81","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482743"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph Nda Ndabula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Directorate of Economics , Federal University Dutsin-Ma , Katsina State , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Directorate of Economics , Federal University Dutsin-Ma , Katsina State , Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147975010","display_name":"Fagbemi Stephen Oluwatobi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fagbemi Stephen Oluwatobi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Statistic , Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology , Kano State , Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Statistic , Federal College of Agricultural Produce Technology , Kano State , Nigeria","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147967912","display_name":"Ali Bala Abdullahi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Bala Abdullahi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"14","first_page":"291","last_page":"298"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.4643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11108","display_name":"Municipal Solid Waste Management","score":0.4643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13420","display_name":"Arduino and IoT Applications","score":0.4357999861240387,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14179","display_name":"Waste Management and Recycling","score":0.05530000105500221,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-waste-management","display_name":"solid waste management","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensors","display_name":"ultrasonic sensors","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-waste-collection","display_name":"smart waste collection","score":0.48500001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/route-optimization","display_name":"route optimization","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alert-system","display_name":"alert system","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-cities","display_name":"smart cities","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microcontroller","display_name":"microcontroller","score":0.6769999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33499554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417134","display_name":"Dashboard","level":2,"score":0.7190999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.7103999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521786372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324934","display_name":"Waste collection","level":3,"score":0.5515000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133462117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4929239","display_name":"Data collection","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164004088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1481440","display_name":"Level sensor","level":2,"score":0.4700999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173018170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165678","display_name":"Microcontroller","level":2,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44350001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.4381999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75779659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538","display_name":"Municipal solid waste","level":2,"score":0.4307999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3815000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776356880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381206","display_name":"Environmental data","level":2,"score":0.37619999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.35910001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176563091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q669238","display_name":"Intelligent sensor","level":3,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.335099995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22507642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069369","display_name":"Hazardous waste","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110593043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7300787","display_name":"Real-time data","level":2,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83931994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149653","display_name":"Building automation","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2385561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45432","display_name":"RSS","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781384022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172383","display_name":"Datasheet","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.27410000562667847}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/5779/3800","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng:article/5779","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/index/article/view/5779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2645-2944","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2026-1014-5779","pdf_url":"https://fjs.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/download/5779/3800","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210224159","display_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","issn_l":"2616-1370","issn":["2616-1370","2645-2944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4404662838","host_organization_name":"Federal University, Dutsin-Ma","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4404662838"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Federal University, Dutsin-Ma"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FUDMA Journal of Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","display_name":"Responsible consumption and production"},{"score":0.8970999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"},{"score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"},{"score":0.6618000268936157,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204118135.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204118135.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771759586","https://openalex.org/W2806482020","https://openalex.org/W3109505935","https://openalex.org/W3160622832","https://openalex.org/W4304816533","https://openalex.org/W4413376415","https://openalex.org/W7126022748","https://openalex.org/W7128928119","https://openalex.org/W7161692807"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218100315","https://openalex.org/W6949259128","https://openalex.org/W4411461493","https://openalex.org/W7153434301","https://openalex.org/W4412446050","https://openalex.org/W7220649032","https://openalex.org/W7202197613","https://openalex.org/W7164029494","https://openalex.org/W4396908701","https://openalex.org/W2954152681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,112,133,165],"rapid":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,31,92],"urban":[4],"population":[5],"and":[6,16,36,45,82,101,148,161,174],"solid":[7],"waste":[8,18,22,73,84,146,178],"generation":[9],"has":[10],"intensified":[11],"the":[12,43,69,72,77,80,83,88,98,138],"need":[13],"for":[14,109],"efficient":[15],"intelligent":[17],"management":[19,179],"systems.":[20],"Conventional":[21],"collection":[23,147],"methods":[24],"rely":[25],"on":[26,55,117],"fixed":[27],"schedules,":[28],"often":[29],"resulting":[30],"overflowing":[32],"bins,":[33],"environmental":[34,172],"pollution,":[35],"inefficient":[37],"resource":[38],"utilization.":[39],"This":[40],"study":[41],"presents":[42],"design":[44],"implementation":[46],"of":[47,57,71],"a":[48,106,118,141],"Smart":[49],"Bin":[50],"Level":[51],"Monitoring":[52],"System":[53],"based":[54],"Internet":[56],"Things":[58],"(IoT)":[59],"technology.":[60],"system":[62,134],"utilizes":[63],"an":[64],"ultrasonic":[65],"sensor":[66,81,99],"mounted":[67],"at":[68,123],"top":[70],"bin":[74,130,139],"to":[75,105,128],"measure":[76],"distance":[78],"between":[79],"surface,":[85],"thereby":[86],"determining":[87],"bin\u2019s":[89],"fill":[90],"level":[91,156],"real":[93],"time.":[94],"A":[95],"microcontroller":[96],"processes":[97],"data":[100,114],"transmits":[102],"it":[103],"wirelessly":[104],"remote":[107],"server":[108],"online":[110],"monitoring.":[111],"collected":[113],"is":[115],"displayed":[116],"dedicated":[119],"web-based":[120],"dashboard":[121],"accessible":[122],"https://iot.net.ng/bin/dashboard.php,":[124],"enabling":[125],"authorized":[126],"users":[127],"monitor":[129],"status":[131],"remotely.":[132],"generates":[135],"alerts":[136],"when":[137],"reaches":[140],"predefined":[142],"threshold,":[143],"facilitating":[144],"timely":[145],"optimized":[149],"route":[150],"planning.":[151],"Experimental":[152],"results":[153],"indicate":[154],"accurate":[155],"detection,":[157],"reliable":[158],"wireless":[159],"transmission,":[160],"effective":[162],"real-time":[163],"visualization.":[164],"proposed":[166],"solution":[167],"enhances":[168],"operational":[169],"efficiency,":[170],"reduces":[171],"hazards,":[173],"supports":[175],"smart":[176],"city":[177],"initiatives":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}