{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204113949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","title":"Modelling Land Surface Temperature Across Morocco's Complete Climatic Gradient: A National LST Equation Linking Topography, Spectral Indices, and Thermal Dynamics","display_name":"Modelling Land Surface Temperature Across Morocco's Complete Climatic Gradient: A National LST Equation Linking Topography, Spectral Indices, and Thermal Dynamics","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204113949","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087460","display_name":"International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116323520","display_name":"Achraf Rachidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2316-6875","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2316-6875"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achraf Rachidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMRI, FPK, USMS, Quartier Ezzaitoune"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMRI, FPK, USMS, Quartier Ezzaitoune","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027190801","display_name":"Sanaa Hayani Mounir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-8708","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6942-8708","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6014-9702"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanaa Hayani Mounir","raw_affiliation_strings":["LAMRI, FPK, USMS, Quartier Ezzaitoune"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LAMRI, FPK, USMS, Quartier Ezzaitoune","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5383,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98853383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10766","display_name":"Urban Heat Island Mitigation","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-surface-temperature","display_name":"land surface temperature","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topography","display_name":"topography","score":0.578000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elevation","display_name":"altitude","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/albedo","display_name":"albedo","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-index","display_name":"spectral index","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landsat-8","display_name":"Landsat 8","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xgboost","display_name":"XGBoost","score":0.5479999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shap-attribution","display_name":"SHAP feature attribution","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lasso","display_name":"LASSO","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-mapping","display_name":"temperature mapping","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climatic-gradient","display_name":"climate gradients","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morocco","display_name":"Morocco","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drought-early-warning","display_name":"drought early warning","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-zoning","display_name":"thermal zoning","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-scarce-regions","display_name":"data-scarce regions","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6319000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.508899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.43389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.40549999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983363897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Air temperature","level":2,"score":0.3635999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.35580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134097258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1507383","display_name":"Sea surface temperature","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984335091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Thermal infrared","level":3,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C607359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845339","display_name":"Atmospheric temperature","level":2,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983668108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q280453","display_name":"Spectral analysis","level":3,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.2678999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087460","display_name":"International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsc71566.2026.11650245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407087460","display_name":"International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2026 International Conference on Circuit, Systems and Communication (ICCSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006273284","https://openalex.org/W2153763028","https://openalex.org/W2289096635","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W4410772663","https://openalex.org/W7117406688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6941356815","https://openalex.org/W2758526485","https://openalex.org/W2996047862","https://openalex.org/W4385288124","https://openalex.org/W3083775491","https://openalex.org/W7220589425","https://openalex.org/W7218147025","https://openalex.org/W7165681495","https://openalex.org/W4300961260","https://openalex.org/W6903641405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"prediction":[1],"of":[2,47,85,122,130,159],"Land":[3],"Surface":[4],"Temperature":[5],"(LST)":[6],"from":[7,29,136],"topographic":[8,81],"and":[9,93,138,180],"spectral":[10],"covariates":[11],"remains":[12],"a":[13,128,174],"fundamental":[14],"challenge":[15],"across":[16,168,183],"heterogeneous":[17],"landscapes.":[18],"A":[19,103],"multiform":[20],"regression":[21],"framework":[22],"was":[23],"applied":[24],"to":[25,49,156],"125,669":[26],"Landsat-8":[27],"pixels":[28],"35":[30],"Moroccan":[31],"cities":[32],"spanning":[33],"seven":[34],"zones":[35],"(Mediterranean,":[36],"Atlantic,":[37],"Continental,":[38],"Mountain,":[39],"Pre-Saharan,":[40],"Saharan,":[41],"Saharan-South),":[42],"covering":[43],"an":[44],"elevation":[45,91],"range":[46],"0":[48],"4,167":[50],"m.":[51],"Eleven":[52],"algebraic":[53],"forms":[54],"were":[55],"systematically":[56],"compared":[57],"using":[58],"adjusted$\\mathbf{R}^{\\mathbf{2}}$as":[59],"the":[60,70,98,107,123,157,162],"sole":[61],"selection":[62],"criterion.":[63],"The":[64],"hybrid":[65],"form":[66],"F8":[67],"(Poly$^{2}+\\text{ln}+\\sqrt{":[68],"}+interactions)$achieved":[69],"highest":[71],"adjusted$\\mathbf{R}^{\\mathbf{2}}$of":[72],"0.7507":[73],"(RMSE$=\\mathbf{3.":[74],"6":[75],"8}^{\\circ}":[76],"\\mathrm{C})$.":[77],"XGBoost-SHAP":[78],"attribution":[79],"revealed":[80],"features":[82],"explain":[83],"67.2%":[84],"LST":[86,109,166],"variance,":[87],"with":[88],"longitude":[89],"(2.20\u00b0C),":[90],"(1.63\u00b0C),":[92],"albedo$(\\mathbf{1.":[94],"3":[95],"5}^{\\circ}":[96],"\\mathbf{C})$as":[97],"three":[99],"most":[100],"influential":[101],"predictors.":[102],"LASSOparsimonious":[104],"simplified":[105],"equation,":[106],"Morocco":[108],"equation":[110,167],"(5":[111],"variables,$R^{2}{":[112],"}_{A":[113],"d":[114],"j}=0.710,":[115],"R":[116],"M":[117],"S":[118],"E=3.97^{\\circ}":[119],"C)$achieves":[120],"94.6%":[121],"best":[124,158],"model's":[125],"performance":[126],"at":[127,148],"fraction":[129],"complexity,":[131],"enabling":[132],"operational":[133],"thermal":[134,178],"mapping":[135],"DEM":[137],"Landsat":[139,149],"data":[140],"alone.":[141],"Calibrated":[142],"on":[143],"cloud-free":[144],"2023-2025":[145],"dry-season":[146],"composites":[147],"8's":[150],"fixed":[151],"morning":[152],"overpass,":[153],"it":[154],"represents,":[155],"our":[160],"knowledge,":[161],"first":[163],"analytically":[164],"compact":[165],"Morocco's":[169],"complete":[170],"climatic":[171],"diversity,":[172],"offering":[173],"transferable":[175],"tool":[176],"for":[177],"zoning":[179],"drought":[181],"early-warning":[182],"data-sparse":[184],"North":[185],"African":[186],"environments.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}