{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204111462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","title":"Electrode Engineering for Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Materials, Structures, Fabrication and Applications","display_name":"Electrode Engineering for Triboelectric Nanogenerators: Materials, Structures, Fabrication and Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204111462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14172683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147935941","display_name":"Long Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Long Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146418141","display_name":"Jingyun Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyun Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101004966","display_name":"Yanmin Guo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146288416","display_name":"Lingfeng Du","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingfeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5146385864","display_name":"Jiayang Lyu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayang Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039066496","display_name":"Yifan Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6654-3583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6654-3583"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014412168","display_name":"Dianlun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-9457","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-9457"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I64449678","display_name":"Putian University","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmsxk74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dianlun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Artificial Intelligence, Putian University, Putian 351100, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Artificial Intelligence, Putian University, Putian 351100, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101733746","display_name":"Kun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-8438","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-8438"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2554-8438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Physics and Information Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014412168","https://openalex.org/A5101733746"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I64449678","https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"17","first_page":"2683","last_page":"2683"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12362","display_name":"Tribology and Wear Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11523","display_name":"Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triboelectric-nanogenerator","display_name":"triboelectric nanogenerator","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode-design","display_name":"electrode design","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-extraction","display_name":"charge extraction","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-compliance","display_name":"mechanical compliance","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-powered-sensing","display_name":"self-powered sensing","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-machine-interaction","display_name":"human-machine interaction","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triboelectric-materials","display_name":"triboelectric materials","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/device-durability","display_name":"device durability","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalable-fabrication","display_name":"scalable fabrication","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-powered-devices","display_name":"self-powered devices","score":0.675000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80640880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876377","display_name":"Triboelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.939300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.6884999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.5188999772071838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780615836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2471869","display_name":"USable","level":2,"score":0.5024999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.49970000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.49880000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4867999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4627000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34459999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526921623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190117","display_name":"Automotive industry","level":2,"score":0.3343999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958679","display_name":"Cognitive reframing","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778939432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11604665","display_name":"Precision engineering","level":3,"score":0.3230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175538","display_name":"Microfabrication","level":4,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175616097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6964048","display_name":"Nanogenerator","level":3,"score":0.2800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14172683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14172683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14172683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1624311504","display_name":"\u9ad8\u5f39\u6027\u4e09\u7ef4\u7845\u7eb3\u7c73\u7ebf\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5236\u5907\u53ca\u5176\u5728Micro-LED\u68c0\u6d4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"2026J0011091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6901214387","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025M780499","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8449831778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62504046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":238,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009609643","https://openalex.org/W2092044336","https://openalex.org/W2168100296","https://openalex.org/W2208352419","https://openalex.org/W2536266507","https://openalex.org/W2756498271","https://openalex.org/W2770787046","https://openalex.org/W2783662440","https://openalex.org/W2805980492","https://openalex.org/W2884513198","https://openalex.org/W2890065503","https://openalex.org/W2940509358","https://openalex.org/W2946688998","https://openalex.org/W2965209292","https://openalex.org/W2973987163","https://openalex.org/W2996300649","https://openalex.org/W3004818399","https://openalex.org/W3005860626","https://openalex.org/W3014942484","https://openalex.org/W3042829982","https://openalex.org/W3048361735","https://openalex.org/W3107457246","https://openalex.org/W3121051458","https://openalex.org/W3127803717","https://openalex.org/W3134569466","https://openalex.org/W3143510685","https://openalex.org/W3159000085","https://openalex.org/W3165411860","https://openalex.org/W3175841340","https://openalex.org/W3184900633","https://openalex.org/W3194453125","https://openalex.org/W3194906200","https://openalex.org/W3196121838","https://openalex.org/W3197059061","https://openalex.org/W3197254438","https://openalex.org/W3199327937","https://openalex.org/W3207979948","https://openalex.org/W3211888237","https://openalex.org/W3211945990","https://openalex.org/W4200331140","https://openalex.org/W4200425810","https://openalex.org/W4200462771","https://openalex.org/W4200509809","https://openalex.org/W4213309695","https://openalex.org/W4220713763","https://openalex.org/W4220839693","https://openalex.org/W4220870842","https://openalex.org/W4220942361","https://openalex.org/W4225085540","https://openalex.org/W4281297763","https://openalex.org/W4282584454","https://openalex.org/W4283311399","https://openalex.org/W4285250003","https://openalex.org/W4287738071","https://openalex.org/W4292081200","https://openalex.org/W4296111009","https://openalex.org/W4296483171","https://openalex.org/W4297192889","https://openalex.org/W4302013401","https://openalex.org/W4306770089","https://openalex.org/W4308150313","https://openalex.org/W4309341007","https://openalex.org/W4309734750","https://openalex.org/W4311791448","https://openalex.org/W4313003693","https://openalex.org/W4313198115","https://openalex.org/W4319083634","https://openalex.org/W4319722879","https://openalex.org/W4321597728","https://openalex.org/W4321783274","https://openalex.org/W4322753853","https://openalex.org/W4323648934","https://openalex.org/W4360602317","https://openalex.org/W4360992980","https://openalex.org/W4361190990","https://openalex.org/W4362506685","https://openalex.org/W4362583068","https://openalex.org/W4365143640","https://openalex.org/W4366818939","https://openalex.org/W4375851301","https://openalex.org/W4376130167","https://openalex.org/W4378602875","https://openalex.org/W4378674365","https://openalex.org/W4380534886","https://openalex.org/W4381185164","https://openalex.org/W4381550285","https://openalex.org/W4385172690","https://openalex.org/W4385485983","https://openalex.org/W4385543676","https://openalex.org/W4385715493","https://openalex.org/W4385812421","https://openalex.org/W4386219870","https://openalex.org/W4386485406","https://openalex.org/W4386607928","https://openalex.org/W4386753720","https://openalex.org/W4386807296","https://openalex.org/W4387220716","https://openalex.org/W4387349478","https://openalex.org/W4387374410","https://openalex.org/W4388003891","https://openalex.org/W4388429054","https://openalex.org/W4388494782","https://openalex.org/W4388688443","https://openalex.org/W4389056222","https://openalex.org/W4389151879","https://openalex.org/W4389291413","https://openalex.org/W4389311362","https://openalex.org/W4389409327","https://openalex.org/W4390013523","https://openalex.org/W4390051320","https://openalex.org/W4390226540","https://openalex.org/W4390339144","https://openalex.org/W4390874016","https://openalex.org/W4390937321","https://openalex.org/W4391238825","https://openalex.org/W4391257215","https://openalex.org/W4391294469","https://openalex.org/W4391606841","https://openalex.org/W4391613765","https://openalex.org/W4391740894","https://openalex.org/W4392170831","https://openalex.org/W4393171497","https://openalex.org/W4393313679","https://openalex.org/W4393873341","https://openalex.org/W4393950823","https://openalex.org/W4394914538","https://openalex.org/W4395482245","https://openalex.org/W4396854074","https://openalex.org/W4396929478","https://openalex.org/W4398774000","https://openalex.org/W4399644523","https://openalex.org/W4399786606","https://openalex.org/W4399916541","https://openalex.org/W4400077914","https://openalex.org/W4400077936","https://openalex.org/W4400095286","https://openalex.org/W4400102113","https://openalex.org/W4400315853","https://openalex.org/W4400783521","https://openalex.org/W4400843295","https://openalex.org/W4401245465","https://openalex.org/W4401296835","https://openalex.org/W4401321365","https://openalex.org/W4401327404","https://openalex.org/W4401810308","https://openalex.org/W4402494519","https://openalex.org/W4402758600","https://openalex.org/W4402891682","https://openalex.org/W4402898694","https://openalex.org/W4402975720","https://openalex.org/W4403145881","https://openalex.org/W4403275017","https://openalex.org/W4403500587","https://openalex.org/W4403939725","https://openalex.org/W4403986863","https://openalex.org/W4404367166","https://openalex.org/W4405260206","https://openalex.org/W4405269754","https://openalex.org/W4405288371","https://openalex.org/W4405395381","https://openalex.org/W4405455266","https://openalex.org/W4405592378","https://openalex.org/W4405750897","https://openalex.org/W4405869368","https://openalex.org/W4406028065","https://openalex.org/W4406097757","https://openalex.org/W4406146364","https://openalex.org/W4406227522","https://openalex.org/W4406872436","https://openalex.org/W4407157889","https://openalex.org/W4407310017","https://openalex.org/W4407765978","https://openalex.org/W4408148581","https://openalex.org/W4408286294","https://openalex.org/W4408388178","https://openalex.org/W4408648776","https://openalex.org/W4408662583","https://openalex.org/W4408819483","https://openalex.org/W4408976365","https://openalex.org/W4409036086","https://openalex.org/W4409371637","https://openalex.org/W4409472727","https://openalex.org/W4409533620","https://openalex.org/W4409605093","https://openalex.org/W4409686313","https://openalex.org/W4409996737","https://openalex.org/W4410080248","https://openalex.org/W4410334795","https://openalex.org/W4410482959","https://openalex.org/W4410602405","https://openalex.org/W4410703565","https://openalex.org/W4410910928","https://openalex.org/W4411193891","https://openalex.org/W4411680517","https://openalex.org/W4411772546","https://openalex.org/W4411847318","https://openalex.org/W4412011604","https://openalex.org/W4412506558","https://openalex.org/W4412571353","https://openalex.org/W4412683276","https://openalex.org/W4412820649","https://openalex.org/W4413213464","https://openalex.org/W4413372509","https://openalex.org/W4413945398","https://openalex.org/W4413973018","https://openalex.org/W4414355169","https://openalex.org/W4414802223","https://openalex.org/W4414920831","https://openalex.org/W4414939820","https://openalex.org/W4415121103","https://openalex.org/W4415532184","https://openalex.org/W4415532226","https://openalex.org/W4415641750","https://openalex.org/W4415827559","https://openalex.org/W4416291071","https://openalex.org/W4416890258","https://openalex.org/W4417163774","https://openalex.org/W4417483428","https://openalex.org/W4417494858","https://openalex.org/W7082985295","https://openalex.org/W7082996063","https://openalex.org/W7117123996","https://openalex.org/W7118231376","https://openalex.org/W7120193467","https://openalex.org/W7123223599","https://openalex.org/W7124960988","https://openalex.org/W7125824037","https://openalex.org/W7127195093","https://openalex.org/W7130677039","https://openalex.org/W7134265682","https://openalex.org/W7154422917","https://openalex.org/W7157098698","https://openalex.org/W7160299457","https://openalex.org/W7160546141","https://openalex.org/W7160832801","https://openalex.org/W7161568136","https://openalex.org/W7164815165","https://openalex.org/W7171045966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7134225227","https://openalex.org/W7143367261","https://openalex.org/W3009546709","https://openalex.org/W3002209154","https://openalex.org/W3113863523","https://openalex.org/W3135675074","https://openalex.org/W4210752337","https://openalex.org/W4224983907","https://openalex.org/W4411348575","https://openalex.org/W4416730428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Triboelectric":[0],"nanogenerators":[1],"(TENGs)":[2],"provide":[3],"a":[4,25,62,98],"powerful":[5],"route":[6],"for":[7,17,37,159],"translating":[8],"mechanical":[9,80],"interactions":[10],"into":[11],"electrical":[12],"signals,":[13],"offering":[14],"unique":[15],"opportunities":[16],"self-powered":[18,145,165],"sensing":[19],"and":[20,33,84,92,124,138,163],"human-machine":[21],"interfaces":[22],"(HMIs).":[23],"Yet":[24],"persistent":[26],"gap":[27,41],"remains":[28],"between":[29],"high-performance":[30],"laboratory":[31],"demonstrations":[32],"reliable,":[34],"scalable":[35],"systems":[36],"real-world":[38],"use.":[39],"This":[40],"arises":[42],"not":[43],"only":[44],"from":[45,53],"triboelectric":[46,161],"materials":[47],"or":[48],"device":[49,134],"configurations,":[50],"but":[51],"also":[52],"the":[54,102],"electrode,":[55],"which":[56],"has":[57],"long":[58],"been":[59],"viewed":[60],"as":[61,114,150],"passive":[63],"charge":[64,75],"collector.":[65],"In":[66,107],"practical":[67],"TENG":[68],"systems,":[69],"electrodes":[70,149],"must":[71],"simultaneously":[72],"enable":[73],"efficient":[74],"extraction,":[76],"stable":[77],"electromechanical":[78],"contact,":[79],"compliance,":[81],"environmental":[82],"robustness":[83],"manufacturable":[85],"integration.":[86],"These":[87],"requirements":[88],"are":[89],"strongly":[90],"coupled":[91],"often":[93],"conflicting,":[94],"making":[95],"electrode":[96,112],"design":[97,157],"central":[99],"bottleneck":[100],"in":[101],"development":[103],"of":[104],"application-ready":[105],"TENGs.":[106],"this":[108,154],"Review,":[109],"we":[110],"position":[111],"engineering":[113],"an":[115],"integrated":[116],"strategy":[117],"that":[118],"connects":[119],"material":[120],"design,":[121],"structural":[122],"configuration":[123],"fabrication":[125],"methodology.":[126],"We":[127],"discuss":[128],"how":[129],"these":[130],"dimensions":[131],"jointly":[132],"define":[133],"output,":[135],"durability,":[136],"scalability":[137],"application":[139],"boundaries,":[140],"with":[141],"particular":[142],"emphasis":[143],"on":[144],"HMIs.":[146],"By":[147],"reframing":[148],"active":[151],"functional":[152],"interfaces,":[153],"Review":[155],"provides":[156],"principles":[158],"next-generation":[160],"devices":[162],"intelligent":[164],"systems.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}