{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204107173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","title":"The relationship between hope and learning engagement among Chinese university students: the serial mediating roles of generative AI acceptance and self-directed learning","display_name":"The relationship between hope and learning engagement among Chinese university students: the serial mediating roles of generative AI acceptance and self-directed learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204107173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42707470","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/13547486"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070239648","display_name":"Yinshun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0799-4916","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0799-4916"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147238563","display_name":"Hanseo University","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv06474","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147238563"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271213","display_name":"Guangdong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/022ajrb17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271213"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinshun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence Lifelong Education, Hanseo University","School of Financial Technology and Accounting, Guangdong University of Science & Technology, Dongguan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence Lifelong Education, Hanseo University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147238563"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Financial Technology and Accounting, Guangdong University of Science & Technology, Dongguan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147981202","display_name":"Zimin Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5343935","display_name":"Guilin University of Electronic Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05arjae42","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Security, Guilin University of Electronic Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100580973","display_name":"Huafu Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2848-9900","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2848-9900","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3309-7439"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafu Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Education, Peking University","Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Bureau of Big Data Development"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Education, Peking University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Bureau of Big Data Development","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5147981202"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5343935"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"1935139","last_page":"1935139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14414","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Education","score":0.7416999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12485","display_name":"Optimism, Hope, and Well-being","score":0.15559999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10547","display_name":"Education, Achievement, and Giftedness","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hope","display_name":"hope","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-engagement","display_name":"student engagement","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-learning","display_name":"self-directed learning","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serial-mediation","display_name":"serial mediation","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ai-supported-learning-environments","display_name":"AI-supported learning environments","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-acceptance-model","display_name":"technology acceptance model","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hope-theory","display_name":"hope theory","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-college-students","display_name":"Chinese university students","score":0.8140000104904175}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7886999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.7663000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.7462000250816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.5997999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5464000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.4982999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4837999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92393732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790374","display_name":"Learning theory","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3082999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.2969000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16443162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068473","display_name":"Educational technology","level":2,"score":0.28529998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102483320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143725","display_name":"Observational learning","level":3,"score":0.2759000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.2736999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138020889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2349659","display_name":"Collaborative learning","level":2,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96427005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98442705","display_name":"Learning sciences","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40506919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7452469","display_name":"Sequence learning","level":2,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:13547486","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13547486/","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC13547486/pdf/fpsyg-17-1935139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:42707470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42707470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f826d4afec6345bb891586a094a694db","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f826d4afec6345bb891586a094a694db","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 17 (2026)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1935139/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336589","display_name":"Guangxi Key Research and Development Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204107173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204107173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W1968689002","https://openalex.org/W1970131054","https://openalex.org/W1996989406","https://openalex.org/W2006763260","https://openalex.org/W2034006394","https://openalex.org/W2047706901","https://openalex.org/W2092973861","https://openalex.org/W2106096361","https://openalex.org/W2109642229","https://openalex.org/W2169570446","https://openalex.org/W2171912023","https://openalex.org/W2270697259","https://openalex.org/W3014646985","https://openalex.org/W3197516489","https://openalex.org/W4313425238","https://openalex.org/W4360620450","https://openalex.org/W4384464487","https://openalex.org/W4385892644","https://openalex.org/W4389203481","https://openalex.org/W4390111395","https://openalex.org/W4390590552","https://openalex.org/W4390672043","https://openalex.org/W4403500927","https://openalex.org/W4403518755","https://openalex.org/W4403567703","https://openalex.org/W4409987020","https://openalex.org/W4410061905","https://openalex.org/W4410098916","https://openalex.org/W4411960088","https://openalex.org/W4412910110","https://openalex.org/W4412988376","https://openalex.org/W4415097958","https://openalex.org/W4415567178","https://openalex.org/W4417181903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7169851679","https://openalex.org/W7169550104","https://openalex.org/W7202176139","https://openalex.org/W7166674500","https://openalex.org/W4416589934","https://openalex.org/W7165149544","https://openalex.org/W7207751995","https://openalex.org/W7165539073","https://openalex.org/W7203677909","https://openalex.org/W7154991376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,114,182],"rapid":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,63,188,194,222],"generative":[4,64,126,151,170,195,203],"artificial":[5],"intelligence":[6],"(GenAI)":[7],"has":[8],"transformed":[9],"higher":[10,207],"education":[11],"and":[12,22,46,67,75,98,102,129,142,154,175,209,224],"created":[13],"new":[14],"opportunities":[15],"for":[16,213],"student":[17],"learning.":[18,226],"However,":[19],"the":[20,41,59,71,111,138,186,192,199,219],"psychological":[21],"behavioral":[23],"factors":[24],"associated":[25,121],"with":[26,122,164],"students'":[27,215],"learning":[28,32,69,76,123,131,143,156,176,180,216],"engagement":[29,177,217],"in":[30,70,137,178,191,206],"AI-supported":[31,179,196],"environments":[33],"remain":[34],"insufficiently":[35],"understood.":[36],"Drawing":[37],"upon":[38],"Hope":[39,189],"Theory,":[40,49],"Technology":[42],"Acceptance":[43],"Model":[44],"(TAM),":[45],"Self-directed":[47],"Learning":[48],"this":[50],"study":[51,183],"proposed":[52,112],"a":[53,165],"serial":[54,60,147],"mediation":[55],"model":[56],"to":[57,109,185],"examine":[58],"mediating":[61],"roles":[62],"AI":[65,127,152,171,204],"acceptance":[66,128,153,205],"self-directed":[68,130,155,173,225],"association":[72,149],"between":[73,140],"hope":[74,118,141],"engagement.":[77,124,144],"Data":[78],"were":[79,92],"collected":[80],"from":[81],"478":[82],"Chinese":[83],"university":[84],"students":[85],"via":[86],"an":[87],"online":[88],"questionnaire.":[89],"data":[91],"analyzed":[93],"using":[94],"SPSS":[95],"(Version":[96,100],"26.0)":[97],"AMOS":[99],"24.0),":[101],"structural":[103],"equation":[104],"modeling":[105],"(SEM)":[106],"was":[107,119,157],"employed":[108],"evaluate":[110],"model.":[113],"results":[115],"showed":[116],"that":[117],"positively":[120],"Moreover,":[125],"each":[132],"demonstrated":[133],"significant":[134,146],"indirect":[135,148],"associations":[136],"relationship":[139],"A":[145],"through":[150,218],"also":[158],"observed.":[159],"These":[160],"findings":[161],"are":[162],"consistent":[163],"psychological-technological-behavioral":[166],"framework":[167],"linking":[168],"hope,":[169],"acceptance,":[172],"learning,":[174],"environments.":[181],"contributes":[184],"application":[187],"Theory":[190],"context":[193],"education,":[197,208],"advances":[198],"growing":[200],"literature":[201],"on":[202],"provides":[210],"practical":[211],"implications":[212],"fostering":[214],"effective":[220],"integration":[221],"GenAI":[223]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}