{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204105410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","title":"Enhancing Grade 11 Students\u2019 Conceptual Understanding of Geological Processes and Earth\u2019s Internal Heat through the Design Thinking Process","display_name":"Enhancing Grade 11 Students\u2019 Conceptual Understanding of Geological Processes and Earth\u2019s Internal Heat through the Design Thinking Process","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204105410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss26-pg6990-7003-202608_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss26-pg6990-7003-202608_pdf.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147930130","display_name":"Leonardo O. Hek","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131675210","display_name":"Partido State University","ror":"https://ror.org/003njxk77","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131675210"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo O. Hek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Philippines","Wright National High School, Paranas, Samar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippines","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wright National High School, Paranas, Samar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131675210"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025541886","display_name":"Rezy V. Menda\u0144o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-943X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5832-943X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I346765160","display_name":"Samar State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05pzp6855","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I346765160"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rezy V. Menda\u00f1o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School, Samar State University, Catbalogan City","Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Samar State University, Catbalogan City","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I346765160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Philippines","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"26","first_page":"6990","last_page":"7003"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12931","display_name":"Educational Methods and Outcomes","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10672","display_name":"Design Education and Practice","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-thinking","display_name":"design thinking","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-understanding","display_name":"conceptual understanding","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geological-processes","display_name":"geological processes","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-s-internal-heat","display_name":"Earth's internal heat","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geoscience-education","display_name":"geoscience education","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-centered-learning","display_name":"student-centered learning","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-knowledge-construction","display_name":"active knowledge construction","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collaborative-learning","display_name":"cooperative learning","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-solving","display_name":"problem solving","score":0.5640000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secondary-school-students","display_name":"high school students","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-experience","display_name":"student experience","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37228920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307600","display_name":"Experiential learning","level":2,"score":0.7038000226020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.5989000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781329482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3823192","display_name":"Conceptual change","level":2,"score":0.5958999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.45179998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.44040000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48164120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4491893","display_name":"Concept learning","level":2,"score":0.41370001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87156501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268708","display_name":"Qualitative property","level":2,"score":0.3815999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44877443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2485457","display_name":"Science education","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3481999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779318504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1438035","display_name":"Research design","level":2,"score":0.3386000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96427005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98442705","display_name":"Learning sciences","level":3,"score":0.30079999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120208923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158435","display_name":"Conceptual design","level":2,"score":0.2992999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781276458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22906812","display_name":"Meaning-making","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C533356498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843894","display_name":"Critical thinking","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778568292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7727275","display_name":"The Conceptual Framework","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187179951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7784616","display_name":"Thinking processes","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060990","display_name":"Problem-based learning","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73744397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11832859","display_name":"Quasi-experiment","level":3,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27177047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Systems thinking","level":2,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77967617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677561","display_name":"Active learning (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5041995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853745","display_name":"Engineering education","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.25699999928474426}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss26-pg6990-7003-202608_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","doi":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.1026edu0517","pdf_url":"https://rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/uploads/vol10-iss26-pg6990-7003-202608_pdf.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198394","display_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","issn_l":"2454-6186","issn":["2454-6186"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9901999831199646,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204105410.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204105410.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2752368810","https://openalex.org/W2950504429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4410152091","https://openalex.org/W7215123536","https://openalex.org/W6960029505","https://openalex.org/W7223043194","https://openalex.org/W4412142191","https://openalex.org/W7221147871","https://openalex.org/W2051842119","https://openalex.org/W7128417873","https://openalex.org/W7219312079","https://openalex.org/W3048591646"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,261],"investigated":[2],"the":[3,6,82,95,107,117,147,176,217],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,18,178,189,221],"Design":[7],"Thinking":[8],"Process":[9],"(DTP)":[10],"in":[11,123],"enhancing":[12],"Grade":[13,41],"11":[14,42],"students'":[15],"conceptual":[16,75,187,231],"understanding":[17,76,188],"geological":[19,168,194],"processes":[20,169,195],"and":[21,25,80,193,202,208,210,243,257,286],"Earth's":[22,190],"internal":[23,191],"heat":[24,192],"explored":[26],"their":[27],"experiences":[28],"during":[29],"its":[30],"implementation.":[31],"An":[32],"explanatory":[33],"sequential":[34],"mixed-methods":[35],"design":[36],"was":[37,126],"employed":[38],"with":[39,91],"48":[40],"General":[43],"Academic":[44],"Strand":[45],"students":[46,52,59,93,246],"from":[47,94],"two":[48],"intact":[49],"sections.":[50],"Twenty-four":[51],"received":[53],"instruction":[54],"through":[55,88,170,181,196,206],"DTP,":[56],"while":[57,215],"24":[58],"were":[60,69,86],"taught":[61],"using":[62,71],"a":[63,72,111,140,171,266],"traditional":[64],"lecture-based":[65],"approach.":[66],"Quantitative":[67],"data":[68,85],"collected":[70],"validated":[73],"30-item":[74],"test":[77],"administered":[78],"before":[79],"after":[81],"intervention.":[83],"Qualitative":[84],"obtained":[87,110],"semi-structured":[89],"interviews":[90],"12":[92],"experimental":[96],"group.":[97],"Results":[98],"showed":[99],"that":[100,226,263],"both":[101],"groups":[102],"improved":[103],"following":[104],"instruction,":[105],"but":[106,233],"DTP":[108,136,227,264],"group":[109,119,137,149,258],"higher":[112,142],"mean":[113,144],"gain":[114],"(7.50)":[115],"than":[116,146],"control":[118,148],"(3.58).":[120],"The":[121,135,157,260],"difference":[122],"learning":[124,167,179,232],"gains":[125],"statistically":[127],"significant,":[128],"t":[129,151],"=":[130,152,155],"4.20,":[131],"p":[132,154],"<":[133],".001.":[134,156],"also":[138,234,247],"achieved":[139],"significantly":[141],"posttest":[143],"(23.54)":[145],"(19.46),":[150],"\u22123.409,":[153],"qualitative":[158],"findings":[159,224],"generated":[160],"five":[161],"themes:":[162],"(1)":[163],"adjusting":[164],"emotionally":[165],"to":[166,251],"student-centered":[172,268],"approach;":[173],"(2)":[174],"reconstructing":[175],"meaning":[177],"science":[180],"actively":[182],"constructing":[183],"knowledge;":[184],"(3)":[185],"deepening":[186],"experiential":[197,240],"engagement;":[198],"(4)":[199],"developing":[200],"collaborative":[201,288],"scientific":[203,219],"problem-solving":[204],"competence":[205],"negotiating":[207],"teamwork;":[209],"(5)":[211],"experiencing":[212],"contextual":[213],"challenges":[214,249],"recognizing":[216],"long-term":[218],"value":[220],"DTP.":[222],"These":[223],"indicate":[225],"supported":[228,277],"not":[229],"only":[230],"active":[235],"knowledge":[236],"construction,":[237],"learner":[238],"independence,":[239],"engagement,":[241],"collaboration,":[242],"problem-solving.":[244],"However,":[245],"experienced":[248],"related":[250],"emotional":[252],"adjustment,":[253],"time":[254,280],"management,":[255],"workload,":[256],"participation.":[259],"concludes":[262],"is":[265],"promising":[267],"approach":[269],"for":[270],"teaching":[271],"complex":[272],"Earth":[273],"Science":[274],"concepts":[275],"when":[276],"by":[278],"adequate":[279],"allocation,":[281],"teacher":[282],"scaffolding,":[283],"clear":[284],"expectations,":[285],"structured":[287],"activities.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
