{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204104372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","title":"An ncBAF-ETS2 Chromatin-Remodelling Axis Drives Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Osteogenic Reprogramming in Vascular Calcification","display_name":"An ncBAF-ETS2 Chromatin-Remodelling Axis Drives Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Osteogenic Reprogramming in Vascular Calcification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204104372","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.21.746239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.21.746239.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089929533","display_name":"Mengying Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9463-9870","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9463-9870"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng-Ying Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031079985","display_name":"Jirapath Thammaphet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-9214","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-9214"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jirapath Thammaphet","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4680-9214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053772257","display_name":"Audrey Kelly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-0062","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6570-0062"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Audrey Kelly","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Centre for Lung Health, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Centre for Lung Health, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5148029560","display_name":"Samara Banday","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samara Banday","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147986772","display_name":"Sadia Ahmad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadia Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040420475","display_name":"Chin\u2010Yee Ho","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin-Yee Ho","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100383386","display_name":"Sujin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-6880","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-6880","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3345-2073"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujin Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159953285","display_name":"Elizabeth Moore","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5147933562","display_name":"Rajeev Malhotra","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48633490","display_name":"Mass General Brigham","ror":"https://ror.org/04py2rh25","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajeev Malhotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiovascular Research Center (CVRC), Massachusetts General Brigham Hospital, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003077515","display_name":"Clint L. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-3607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4276-3607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clint L. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; Center for Public Health Genomics; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics; Center for Public Health Genomics; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107953300","display_name":"Konstantinos Theofilatos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-0553"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Theofilatos","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051662657","display_name":"Paul Lavender","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-0263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8710-0263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Lavender","raw_affiliation_strings":["King\u2019s Centre for Lung Health, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King\u2019s Centre for Lung Health, Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070429853","display_name":"Andrew Durham","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405263501","display_name":"Blizard Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01y7pzx08","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Durham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079","https://openalex.org/I4405263501"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068835718","display_name":"Catherine M. Shanahan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-8171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-8171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32003884","display_name":"British Heart Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02wdwnk04","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Catherine M. Shanahan","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, James Black Centre, King\u2019s College London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068835718"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753","https://openalex.org/I32003884"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.2815000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10516","display_name":"Parathyroid Disorders and Treatments","score":0.2815000116825104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12924","display_name":"Dermatological and Skeletal Disorders","score":0.1859000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12820","display_name":"Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer","score":0.13670000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-calcification","display_name":"vascular calcification","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-smooth-muscle-cells","display_name":"vascular smooth muscle cells","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/osteogenic-differentiation","display_name":"osteogenic differentiation","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ets2","display_name":"ETS2","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swi-snf-chromatin-remodeling","display_name":"SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-regulation","display_name":"epigenetic regulation","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-stress","display_name":"mineral stress","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vsmc-phenotypic-switching","display_name":"VSMC phenotypic switching","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nf-kb","display_name":"NF-kB","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runx2","display_name":"Runx2","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycolysis","display_name":"glycolysis","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation","display_name":"inflammation","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerotic-carotid-plaque","display_name":"atherosclerotic carotid plaque","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/therapeutic-target","display_name":"therapeutic target","score":0.6480000019073486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.7515000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.7426999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780309369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933382","display_name":"Calcification","level":2,"score":0.7045000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779395532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7916469","display_name":"Vascular smooth muscle","level":3,"score":0.6852999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.5669999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77255625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q402093","display_name":"Reprogramming","level":3,"score":0.5374000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776363554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14907085","display_name":"RUNX2","level":4,"score":0.4871000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83640560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Chromatin","level":3,"score":0.4846000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.48089998960494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150194340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26972","display_name":"Gene expression","level":3,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.42250001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111758988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6937269","display_name":"Mural cell","level":4,"score":0.39649999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27153228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3787274","display_name":"Transcriptional regulation","level":4,"score":0.39579999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780286377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18048730","display_name":"Myocardin","level":5,"score":0.367000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165864922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411391","display_name":"Regulation of gene expression","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125449221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18025483","display_name":"GATA6","level":4,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134320426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901026","display_name":"Chromatin immunoprecipitation","level":5,"score":0.3278999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207200792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428914","display_name":"Myocyte","level":2,"score":0.3149000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148738053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210861","display_name":"Cellular differentiation","level":3,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.3100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18431079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502169","display_name":"Gene expression profiling","level":4,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.30320000648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189014844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189118","display_name":"Cell type","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776992346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111140","display_name":"Endothelium","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6997183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q271727","display_name":"Myosin","level":2,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166397571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968604","display_name":"Vascular tissue","level":2,"score":0.28049999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.26899999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127561419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224527","display_name":"Downregulation and upregulation","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2554999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.25110000371932983}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.21.746239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.08.21.746239","pdf_url":"https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2026/08/24/2026.08.21.746239.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320285","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204104372.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204104372.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1625510017","https://openalex.org/W1978228345","https://openalex.org/W1978867804","https://openalex.org/W1983946999","https://openalex.org/W1984733368","https://openalex.org/W1987346667","https://openalex.org/W2001619812","https://openalex.org/W2007793148","https://openalex.org/W2013171182","https://openalex.org/W2022093187","https://openalex.org/W2022558733","https://openalex.org/W2026465178","https://openalex.org/W2029764594","https://openalex.org/W2030174339","https://openalex.org/W2042256973","https://openalex.org/W2042336965","https://openalex.org/W2043828746","https://openalex.org/W2044473992","https://openalex.org/W2050277287","https://openalex.org/W2084552586","https://openalex.org/W2095377293","https://openalex.org/W2105905346","https://openalex.org/W2114031931","https://openalex.org/W2118342658","https://openalex.org/W2119079421","https://openalex.org/W2121431419","https://openalex.org/W2121860616","https://openalex.org/W2124591820","https://openalex.org/W2128785809","https://openalex.org/W2146042781","https://openalex.org/W2147700211","https://openalex.org/W2150198686","https://openalex.org/W2153233529","https://openalex.org/W2165853103","https://openalex.org/W2166199725","https://openalex.org/W2337375997","https://openalex.org/W2345356016","https://openalex.org/W2562443513","https://openalex.org/W2592729151","https://openalex.org/W2608010651","https://openalex.org/W2751435797","https://openalex.org/W2793938361","https://openalex.org/W2804045132","https://openalex.org/W2884860993","https://openalex.org/W2898224297","https://openalex.org/W2910267384","https://openalex.org/W2938473368","https://openalex.org/W2948220248","https://openalex.org/W3016773739","https://openalex.org/W3049560040","https://openalex.org/W3145969289","https://openalex.org/W3201592012","https://openalex.org/W3208197345","https://openalex.org/W4205994005","https://openalex.org/W4280560143","https://openalex.org/W4280598116","https://openalex.org/W4304687342","https://openalex.org/W4308834893","https://openalex.org/W4376224783","https://openalex.org/W4386069124","https://openalex.org/W4386272631","https://openalex.org/W4386530399","https://openalex.org/W4388400386","https://openalex.org/W4388574333","https://openalex.org/W4399366020","https://openalex.org/W4406706806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2987587989","https://openalex.org/W7120806120","https://openalex.org/W4417304299","https://openalex.org/W2048158076","https://openalex.org/W7098340393","https://openalex.org/W1973030849","https://openalex.org/W3148009284","https://openalex.org/W4415364095","https://openalex.org/W3167809164","https://openalex.org/W2123740493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Introduction":[1],"Vascular":[2],"calcification":[3,44,120,245],"is":[4,10,17],"a":[5,159,183,222,261,282],"detrimental":[6],"ageing-related":[7],"pathology":[8],"that":[9,187,221,240],"markedly":[11],"accelerated":[12],"in":[13,34,42,74,88,121,134,143,204,247,265,293],"metabolic":[14],"disorders.":[15],"It":[16],"driven":[18],"by":[19,100,180],"osteogenic":[20,171],"differentiation":[21,172,228],"of":[22,149,162,166,193,229,255,296],"vascular":[23,266],"smooth":[24,230],"muscle":[25,231],"cells":[26,232],"(VSMCs),":[27],"however":[28],"epigenetic":[29,101,263],"regulatory":[30],"pathways":[31],"activated":[32,139],"early":[33,119,292],"this":[35],"transition":[36],"remain":[37],"poorly":[38],"defined.":[39],"Methods":[40],"An":[41],"vitro":[43],"model":[45],"was":[46,156,178],"developed":[47],"using":[48,63,76],"primary":[49],"human":[50,81,205,248],"aortic":[51],"VSMCs":[52],"cultured":[53],"with":[54,209,244],"or":[55,168],"without":[56],"mineral":[57,124],"stress.":[58],"Epigenetic":[59],"changes":[60],"were":[61,72,106,202],"assessed":[62],"targeted":[64],"PCR":[65],"arrays":[66],"and":[67,84,93,103,115,146,173,195,197,214,270,290],"CUT&RUN":[68,94],"sequencing.":[69],"Key":[70],"findings":[71,259],"validated":[73],"vivo":[75],"single-cell":[77,207],"sequencing":[78],"datasets":[79],"from":[80],"large":[82],"arteries":[83],"spatial":[85],"transcriptomic":[86],"analysis":[87],"atherosclerotic":[89],"carotid":[90],"plaques.":[91],"Transcriptomic":[92],"analyses":[95],"identified":[96,157],"gene":[97],"targets":[98],"altered":[99],"remodelling,":[102],"molecular":[104],"tools":[105],"applied":[107],"to":[108,123,273,286],"study":[109],"effects":[110],"on":[111],"metabolism,":[112],"inflammation,":[113,144],"apoptosis,":[114,145],"calcification.":[116,174,298],"Results":[117],"During":[118],"response":[122],"stress,":[125],"SWI/SNF":[126],"chromatin":[127],"remodelling":[128],"complexes":[129,138],"shift":[130],"toward":[131,233],"ncBAF":[132,137,163,167,196,269],"enrichment":[133],"pre-osteogenic":[135],"VSMCs.":[136,151],"transcriptional":[140,200],"programs":[141],"involved":[142],"glycolysis\u2014all":[147],"hallmarks":[148],"calcifying":[150],"The":[152],"transcription":[153],"factor":[154],"ETS2":[155,169,176,194,241,271],"as":[158],"novel":[160,262],"component":[161],"complexes.":[164],"Disruption":[165],"impaired":[170],"Notably,":[175],"expression":[177],"regulated":[179],"ncBAF,":[181],"forming":[182],"positive":[184],"feedback":[185],"loop":[186],"reinforced":[188],"VSMC":[189,275,288],"phenotypic":[190,276],"switching.":[191,277],"Co-activation":[192],"the":[198,227,251,294],"resulting":[199],"shifts":[201],"confirmed":[203],"arterial":[206],"datasets,":[208],"osteogenic/inflammatory":[210,236],"clusters":[211],"showing":[212],"NFkB":[213],"RUNX2":[215],"activation.":[216],"Spatial":[217],"transcriptomics":[218],"further":[219],"suggested":[220],"macrophage-rich":[223],"microenvironment":[224],"may":[225],"promote":[226],"an":[234],"overt":[235],"phenotype.":[237],"Immunohistochemistry":[238],"showed":[239],"levels":[242],"correlated":[243],"severity":[246],"vessels":[249],"supporting":[250],"potential":[252,283],"clinical":[253],"relevance":[254],"ETS2.":[256],"Conclusions":[257],"Our":[258],"identify":[260],"mechanism":[264],"calcification,":[267],"where":[268],"cooperate":[272],"drive":[274],"This":[278],"ncBAF\u2013ETS2":[279],"axis":[280],"represents":[281],"therapeutic":[284],"target":[285],"modulate":[287],"plasticity":[289],"intervene":[291],"progression":[295],"cardiovascular":[297]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
