{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204104337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","title":"Crystal-field modulation activates dormant tetrahedral Co sites for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution","display_name":"Crystal-field modulation activates dormant tetrahedral Co sites for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204104337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288101","display_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","issn_l":"2949-754X","issn":["2949-754X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024643618","display_name":"Yangshuo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-0735","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3156-0735"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangshuo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161375057","display_name":"Mingyang Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100754475","display_name":"Liang Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-7469","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5950-7469"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49232843","display_name":"Changchun University","ror":"https://ror.org/02an57k10","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49232843"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120580448","display_name":"Jiehe Sui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiehe Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102342623","display_name":"Liang Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4112-9050","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4112-9050"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028973638","display_name":"Wei Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-6687","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9239-6687"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002834501","display_name":"Shude Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181326427","display_name":"Donghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/035psfh38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181326427"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shude Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-2097","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001942876","display_name":"Yaotian Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-8642","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-8642","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5484-799X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaotian Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080599195","display_name":"Xiaohang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-890X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-890X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3080},"apc_paid":{"value":3080,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3080},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"100170","last_page":"100170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10030","display_name":"Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11784","display_name":"CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10811","display_name":"Hydrogen Storage and Materials","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alkaline-hydrogen-evolution-reaction","display_name":"alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co3o4","display_name":"Co3O4","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxalic-acid-treatment","display_name":"oxalic acid treatment","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-activation","display_name":"water activation","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/volmer-step","display_name":"Volmer step","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-noble-metal-electrocatalysts","display_name":"non-noble metal electrocatalysts","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spinel-oxides","display_name":"spinel oxides","score":0.5540000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186460083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333853","display_name":"Overpotential","level":4,"score":0.6549000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95269574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108736","display_name":"Antibonding molecular orbital","level":4,"score":0.6532999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.5827000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5774999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776230739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191310","display_name":"Spinel","level":2,"score":0.5209000110626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4952999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.482699990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.46880000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4016999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74080474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7305975","display_name":"Redistribution (election)","level":3,"score":0.39660000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512968161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556","display_name":"Hydrogen","level":2,"score":0.38109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105239961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160003","display_name":"Tetrahedron","level":2,"score":0.3797000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115624301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q895901","display_name":"Crystal structure","level":2,"score":0.35089999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41183919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423026","display_name":"Active site","level":3,"score":0.3434999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21921428","display_name":"Crystal (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.34150001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33559828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q397226","display_name":"Coordination number","level":3,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73922627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754943","display_name":"Single crystal","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35590869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2697332","display_name":"Water splitting","level":4,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61048295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022","display_name":"Nucleation","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75473681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188651","display_name":"Photochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288101","display_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","issn_l":"2949-754X","issn":["2949-754X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.7346294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7346294","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7346294","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7346294","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcata.2026.100170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387288101","display_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","issn_l":"2949-754X","issn":["2949-754X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials Today Catalysis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8485000133514404,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2723864227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24-R-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G341052842","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52125502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4141926006","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025CXPT03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5505264383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24-Z-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6070865772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52505362","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7182318228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52471199","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7185031333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52125502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7737851598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24-Z-07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G801791043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52125502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8404439038","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24-R-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","funder_display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8899480055","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2024E031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336125","display_name":"National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204104337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204104337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982414605","https://openalex.org/W1994107808","https://openalex.org/W2020007931","https://openalex.org/W2096770639","https://openalex.org/W2146278879","https://openalex.org/W2221458734","https://openalex.org/W2302970633","https://openalex.org/W2574987849","https://openalex.org/W3012307032","https://openalex.org/W3217696752","https://openalex.org/W4205662549","https://openalex.org/W4210547977","https://openalex.org/W4301401254","https://openalex.org/W4311441455","https://openalex.org/W4367834214","https://openalex.org/W4391841437","https://openalex.org/W4401729158","https://openalex.org/W4404730180","https://openalex.org/W4407841681","https://openalex.org/W4407940375","https://openalex.org/W4409173663","https://openalex.org/W4410767391","https://openalex.org/W4411023010","https://openalex.org/W4412537896","https://openalex.org/W4414083407","https://openalex.org/W4414422204","https://openalex.org/W4415431808","https://openalex.org/W4416574817","https://openalex.org/W7117763862","https://openalex.org/W7127288817","https://openalex.org/W7129065804","https://openalex.org/W7129761126","https://openalex.org/W7154176619","https://openalex.org/W7154832008","https://openalex.org/W7167495094"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7214784876","https://openalex.org/W4400057748","https://openalex.org/W2942558336","https://openalex.org/W3116112127","https://openalex.org/W3174699684","https://openalex.org/W3042507200","https://openalex.org/W7161255499","https://openalex.org/W3198579017","https://openalex.org/W3108073724","https://openalex.org/W4285237891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Water":[0],"activation":[1,111],"in":[2,11,60,123,147],"the":[3,16,33,80,98],"Volmer":[4],"step":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7,141],"major":[8],"kinetic":[9],"bottleneck":[10],"alkaline":[12,149],"hydrogen":[13],"evolution,":[14],"yet":[15],"catalytic":[17],"potential":[18],"of":[19,37,52,100],"many":[20],"lattice":[21],"sites":[22,118],"remains":[23],"underutilized.":[24],"Here,":[25],"we":[26],"develop":[27],"an":[28,50],"oxalic-acid-assisted":[29],"treatment":[30],"to":[31,55],"modulate":[32],"surface":[34],"coordination":[35,77],"environment":[36],"spinel":[38],"Co3O4":[39,125],"while":[40],"preserving":[41],"its":[42],"crystalline":[43],"framework.":[44],"The":[45,93],"optimized":[46],"U-Co3O4-2":[47],"electrode":[48],"requires":[49],"overpotential":[51],"19":[53],"mV":[54],"reach":[56],"10":[57],"mA":[58],"cm-2":[59],"1.0":[61],"M":[62],"KOH":[63],"and":[64,84,107],"sustains":[65],"operation":[66],"for":[67,143],"at":[68,89],"least":[69],"1000":[70],"h.":[71],"Density":[72],"functional":[73],"theory":[74],"indicates":[75],"that":[76,119],"unsaturation":[78],"reconstructs":[79],"local":[81],"crystal":[82],"field":[83],"selectively":[85],"lowers":[86],"dz2":[87],"occupation":[88],"tetrahedral":[90,116],"Co":[91,117],"sites.":[92],"resulting":[94],"orbital":[95],"redistribution":[96],"reduces":[97],"population":[99],"Co\u2013H2O":[101,105],"antibonding":[102],"states,":[103],"strengthens":[104],"coupling,":[106],"makes":[108],"dissociative":[109],"water":[110],"thermodynamically":[112],"more":[113],"favorable.":[114],"Thus,":[115],"are":[120],"weakly":[121],"active":[122],"pristine":[124],"can":[126],"be":[127],"converted":[128],"into":[129],"catalytically":[130],"competent":[131],"water-activation":[132],"centers.":[133],"These":[134],"results":[135],"identify":[136],"coordination-induced":[137],"crystal-field":[138],"modulation":[139],"as":[140],"strategy":[142],"increasing":[144],"lattice-site":[145],"utilization":[146],"non-noble-metal":[148],"HER":[150],"catalysts.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
