{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7204095961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20719","title":"Thermal scaling laws for open-water swimming","display_name":"Thermal scaling laws for open-water swimming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-08-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7204095961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20719"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20719","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024202025","display_name":"Henry van den Bedem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-841X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-841X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bedem, Henry van den","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073356597","display_name":"Ellen Kuhl A","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-935X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6283-935X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuhl, Ellen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Wu Tsai Human Performance Alliance , Stanford University , Stanford , California 94305 , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11109","display_name":"Thermoregulation and physiological responses","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-water-swimming","display_name":"open water swimming","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-heat-production","display_name":"metabolic heat production","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-size","display_name":"body size","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-insulation","display_name":"thermal insulation","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-safety","display_name":"thermal safety","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-water-swimming","display_name":"cold water swimming","score":0.5270000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988430800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428971","display_name":"Scaling law","level":3,"score":0.6388000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.5753999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.5684999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5288000106811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3560999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.3537999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992768293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q623293","display_name":"Metabolic rate","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145912823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113558","display_name":"Dynamics (music)","level":2,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2565000057220459}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2608.20719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2608.20719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2608.20719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2608.20719","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2608.20719","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3357613892","display_name":"Automated Model Discovery for Soft Matter","funder_award_id":"2320933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6835881641","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2320933","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204095961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7204095961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7141401133"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408837904","https://openalex.org/W2897468775","https://openalex.org/W4393302683","https://openalex.org/W4414242708","https://openalex.org/W4412434303","https://openalex.org/W4387789533","https://openalex.org/W4413879982","https://openalex.org/W2163130520","https://openalex.org/W7141401133","https://openalex.org/W2095922711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open-water":[0],"swimming":[1,70],"defines":[2],"a":[3,19],"thermal":[4,63],"phase-boundary":[5],"problem":[6],"in":[7],"which":[8],"metabolic":[9],"heat":[10,15],"production":[11],"competes":[12],"with":[13],"environmental":[14],"loss.":[16],"We":[17],"derive":[18],"scaling":[20],"law":[21],"that":[22,48,62],"predicts":[23],"the":[24],"critical":[25],"water":[26,74],"temperature":[27,75],"and":[28,35,42,69],"shows":[29],"how":[30],"body":[31],"size,":[32],"swim":[33],"pace,":[34],"insulation":[36],"shift":[37],"this":[38],"boundary.":[39],"Longitudinal":[40],"warm-":[41],"cold-water":[43],"data":[44],"reveal":[45],"transient":[46],"dynamics":[47],"exceed":[49],"single-compartment":[50],"predictions,":[51],"but":[52],"emerge":[53],"naturally":[54],"from":[55],"core--peripheral":[56],"physiology.":[57],"Together,":[58],"our":[59],"results":[60],"suggest":[61],"safety":[64],"depends":[65],"on":[66,73],"swimmer-specific":[67],"characteristics":[68],"conditions,":[71],"not":[72],"alone.":[76]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2026-08-25T00:00:00"}
